护理干预在胰岛素泵强化治疗中的作用研究

目的:探讨护理干预对临床使用胰岛素泵治疗糖尿病效果的影响。方法:在161例用口服降糖药及常规胰岛素皮下注射进行血糖控制但效果不佳的糖尿病患者使用胰岛素泵治疗过程中,护理人员对其进行心理护理、置泵前告之患者用胰岛素泵治疗的方法、低血糖的预防、输部位的正确选择等全方位护理。结果:在胰岛素泵使用过程中,护理人员全面、细致、持续的干预达到使用的最佳效果。结论:护理干预是糖尿病患者学会正确的自我管理、自我保健知识和泵使用的各种技术的关键,同时也是保证糖尿病患者胰岛素泵治疗顺利进行的基础和关键。     

三维一体教育改善农村产褥期妇女膳食营养与生活行为 效果分析

目的:评价三维一体宣教对妇女产褥期营养保健知识认知、饮食行为的干预效果.方法:针对影响产褥期妇女膳食营养与健康的主要因素,提出妇幼保健机构指导下的“产妇-家庭-社区”三维一体膳食营养干预策略.选择某农村孕晚期妇女作为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组,两组均接受基本常规的孕产妇卫生保健知识宣传,对干预组对象进行专门的三维一体营养保健知识宣教.结果:干预组对象营养保健知识的知晓率显著高于对照组,干预组对象奶类、鱼类、蔬菜、水果的每日摄入量显著高于对照组,干预组蛋类的摄入量是194.51g/天显著低于对照组的298.2g/天(P＜0.05).干预组完全母乳喂养的比例是74.4％,显著高于对照组的59.5％(P＜0.05).房间每天通风的发生率干预组是67.8％,明显高于对照组的54.3％(P＜0.05).结论:推广三维一体营养保健知识宣教,多途径、针对性强的宣教方法能有效提高妇女营养保健知识水平,并改善其产褥期饮食、行为及健康状况.     

产超广谱β- 内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌感染调查及耐药性分析

目的:探讨我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌阳性率及耐药性的变化,以指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法:对我院自2009年1月至2011年8月住院患儿送检的各类标本中分离得到的肺炎克雷伯菌413株进行ESBLs筛选和确证。结果:共分离得到413株肺炎克雷伯菌,其中产ESBLs的菌株共204株,占49.39%,且有逐年上升趋势。ESBLs阳性菌株对头孢他啶、头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林耐药程度最为严重,耐药率为100%;对美洛培南、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、环丙沙星高度敏感,敏感率为90.2%～100%。结论:产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌已成为主要耐药菌,应加强耐药监测,重点监管并指导临床合理应用抗生素。     

Density thresholds for Nesidiocoris tenuis (Heteroptera: Miridae) in tomato crops

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is common in vegetable crops of the Mediterranean area, with an increasing worldwide range of geographical distribution. This omnivore is a reputed predator of small arthropod pests, but also produces injuries on vegetative and reproductive plant parts. The aim was to estimate density thresholds based on N. tenuis and whitefly abundance for the management of N. tenuis in tomato crops. The assay was carried out in mesh-walled and plastic greenhouses in southern Spain during 2004 and 2007. The natural population dynamics of N. tenuis and whitefly were monitored, and impact on yield quantified. The economic injury level and intervention threshold were predicted based on the zoophytophagous response of N. tenuis and the yield compensation of tomato plants. The proportion of aborted flowers on the tomato plants was related directly to the abundance of N. tenuis and inversely to the interaction between the number of N. tenuis and the number of whitefly immatures. Over-compensation of fruit weight was predicted for flower abortion rates due to N. tenuis lower than 0.171. No yield reduction is expected for values <0.65 N. tenuis per leaf, independent of the whitefly abundance, nor for up to 5 N. tenuis and >26 whitefly immatures per leaf. For intermediate N. tenuis levels, the outcome depends on the prey density. The probability of N. tenuis producing yield loss in tomato crops increases at N. tenuis:whitefly ratios >0.168. Yield reduction is expected after N. tenuis population peaks, when whitefly numbers have been reduced.     

Programas para combatir la soledad en las personas mayores en el ámbito institucionalizado: una revisión de la literatura científica

Loneliness is a problem that affects a very high percentage of older people, and can lead to physical and/or mental illness. This article aims to present a systematic review of programs to combat loneliness directed towards the institutionalised elderly. Experimental and quasi-experimental articles published between 2000 and 2016 were included in the review. An analysis was carried out on the quality of the methodological evidence of each of the articles. The programs analysed included animal-assisted, contacts with families through videoconferencing, gardening and/or horticulture workshops, reminiscence therapies, humour therapies, and cognitive interventions. The results show that intervention programs are effective to reduce the feeling of loneliness. The methodological limitations of the studies are discussed and future research is recommended.     

Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments

Plant structures exhibit five principal classes of variation in heterogeneous environments, namely uniformity, continuous lability, genetic specialization (polymorphism), environmentally- or statuscued alternatives (conditional choices) and multiple strategies—the simultaneous operation by one plant of distinct types of structures that perform the same function. Multiple strategies are a diverse but neglected class that includes simultaneous cosexuality (hermaphroditism and other monomorphic sex conditions), facultative cleistogamy, heteromorphic diaspores, and reproduction by both seeds and ramets. An analysis of seven functions in the angiosperm flora of New Zealand shows that uniform and labile strategies considered jointly are most common, and multiple strategies are more common than either polymorphisms or conditional choices. Phenotypic models of the natural selection of structural variation are presented. They predict the general conditions under which multiple, conditional and uniform strategies are selected when the environment is spatially heterogeneous for either parents or their offspring. The models can explain many features of variation strategies, including why multiple strategies are a plant speciality, why conditional strategies such as sex choosing are rare and random choices are even more rare (unknown?), and why some self-fertilizing plants have distinct cleistogamous flowers. The models also suggest further avenues of research.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤化疗患者癌因性疲乏的影响因素分析及有氧运动的干预效果研究

摘要 目的：分析非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）化疗患者癌因性疲乏（CRF）的影响因素,并探讨有氧运动针对NHL化疗患者CRF的干预效果。方法：选择2021年3月至2022年4月期间空军军医大学第一附属医院收治的NHL化疗患者142例,采用自制调查问卷对研究对象进行资料收集,共发放问卷142份,回收问卷142份,其中有效问卷138份,有效回收率为97.18%。根据是否发生CRF分为CRF组（n=109）和无CRF组（n=29）,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析NHL化疗患者CRF的影响因素。对NHL化疗后存在CRF的患者给予有氧运动干预,比较干预前后患者的CRF、抑郁和焦虑程度。结果：通过对138例NHL患者的CRF现状进行调查,其中有109例发生CRF,发生率为78.99%。单因素分析显示：NHL化疗患者CRF的发生与就业情况、肿瘤分期、化疗周期、社会支持程度、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：肿瘤分期为IV期、化疗周期第3~4周期、HAMD评分偏高、HAMA评分偏高是NHL化疗患者CRF发生的危险因素,社会支持程度高则是其保护因素（P<0.05）。干预后,CRF组的感知维度、行为维度、认知维度、情感维度、总分均较干预前下降（P<0.05）。干预后,CRF组的HAMA、HAMD评分均较干预前下降（P<0.05）。结论：NHL化疗患者发生CRF受到化疗周期、HAMD评分、HAMA评分、社会支持程度高等因素的影响,且坚持有氧运动可减轻疲乏程度,缓解抑郁焦虑状况。     

Community dynamics in relation to management of heathland vegetation in Scotland

The paper describes studies of post-fire succession in heathland vegetation in N.E. Scotland, dominated by Calluna vulgaris. A preliminary model (Legg, 1978) suggested good agreement between simulation of succession on the basis of a Markov chain and observations of stands at different stages of development after burning, at least in the earlier stages. Vegetation transitions are currently being recorded in permanent plots on burnt areas. First results confirm the view that (a) the post-fire succession has the properties of a Markov process, (b) this type of model remains valid when constructed from records of actual transitions, rather than data obtained by inference from evidence of transition. Comparing successional events in stands where, at the time of burning, the Calluna population was in pioneer-, building-, mature-and degenerate phases, shows that transition matrices generally agree with the Markov hypothesis, but not in the case of stands where Calluna was degenerate when burnt. The composition of establishing vegetation 1 year after fire is not confined to species normally associated with the early stages of succession, but reflects the composition of the stand before burning. Redevelopment after fire is described in terms of an initial floristic composition of species with strategies permitting early re-establishment, selected by the recurrence of the fire factor. Subsequent transitions represent changes in their relative abundance due to differing growth properties and competitive interactions. This interpretation applies only under conditions of recurrent incidence of fire (normally once in 10–15 yr). If fire does not recur, Calluna stands pass into the degenerate phase, where changes in the nature of relay floristics may come into play (e.g. with tree colonization).Nomenelature follows Clapham, Tutin & Warburg (1962) for vascular plants; Smith (1978) for bryophytes.     

Female choice of matings to maximise parental care.

We address the question of how many males a female should mate with in the context of species in which males provide care for potential offspring. Our analysis is based on the evolutionarily stable levels of parental effort of a female and a group of males. In the case of one female and two males we give a complete analysis of how the female''s preference for monogamy or polyandry depends on the fitness functions assumed in the model. We then go on to consider the question of how many males a female should mate with to receive the highest level of male care. Our results are relevant in particular to the mating system of the dunnock (Prunella modularis) and also to the general question of whether a species should be monogamous as opposed to polyandrous.     

网络成瘾的生物学机制研究与展望

网络成瘾是指由于过度使用网络而导致社会及心理损害的现象,危害极大,故受到广泛关注。网络成瘾主要受生物学机制的调控。在脑神经机制方面,通过对成瘾者的自发脑电、事件相关电位以及成瘾者静息态BOLD-f MRI的分析,发现成瘾者脑功能区出现异常。同时,网络成瘾也受到自主神经功能的影响。另外,脑内奖赏系统和成瘾记忆模型也可能成为引发网络成瘾的脑神经机制。体内化学物质的失衡也能引发网络成瘾。鉴于此,一些治疗方法如药物干预、行为干预、认知干预以及综合干预疗法使得根治网络成瘾成为可能。本文拟从网络成瘾的概念、表现特点、不良影响及其发生的生物学机制等方面的研究进展进行阐述,以期为相关研究提供一些有价值的参考依据。