Rabies outbreak in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Tuli region,Botswana: Interventions and management mitigation recommendations

We describe an outbreak of rabies in a pack of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Limpopo-Lipadi Private Game and Wilderness Reserve in the Tuli region of south-eastern Botswana. We define the pack’s behavioural response to the disease, clinical signs, and management interventions undertaken and make recommendations to mitigate against future disease outbreaks of this nature. The outbreak, which occurred in late 2014 and early 2015, resulted in the death or disappearance of 29 individuals out of a pack of 35 wild dogs. The disruption to the social structure within the pack, the behaviour of the animals and clinical signs were similar to that documented during previous rabies outbreaks amongst African wild dogs in Southern and East Africa in recent years. Management interventions taken during the outbreak were aimed at preventing extirpation of the pack and reducing the risk of further disease spread to other mammals in the reserve.     

CETP genotype and changes in lipid levels in response to weight-loss diet intervention in the POUNDS LOST and DIRECT randomized trials

Little is known about whether cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genetic variation may modify the effect of weight-loss diets varying in fat content on changes in lipid levels. We analyzed the interaction between the CETP variant rs3764261 and dietary interventions on changes in lipid levels among 732 overweight/obese adults from a 2 year randomized weight-loss trial [Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST)], and replicated the findings in 171 overweight/obese adults from an independent 2 year weight-loss trial [Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT)]. In the POUNDS LOST, participants with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype on the high-fat diet had larger increases in HDL cholesterol (P = 0.001) and decreases in triglycerides (P = 0.007) than those on the low-fat diet at 6 months, while no significant difference between these two diets was observed among participants carrying other genotypes. The gene-diet interactions on changes in HDL-cholesterol and tri­glyc­erides were replicated in the DIRECT (pooled P for interaction ≤ 0.01). Similar results on trajectory of changes in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides over the 2 year intervention were observed in both trials. Our study provides replicable evidence that individuals with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype might derive greater effects on raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglycerides by choosing a low-carbohydrate/high-fat weight-loss diet instead of a low-fat diet.     

血循毒蛇咬伤肌酸激酶干预研究

目的观察甘露醇对血循毒蛇咬伤患者肌酸激酶(CK)值的影响,降低和预防横纹肌溶解症及骨筋膜室综合征的发生率。方法将我院2009~2013年血循毒蛇咬伤住院患者104例随机分成两组,A组(观察组)患者入院后3h内开始使用甘露醇125~250ml每12h1次输注作CK预处理;B组(对照组)未使用甘露醇。观察比较两组CK值差异、横纹肌溶解症及骨筋膜室综合征发生率、平均住院天数。结果 A组CK值水平明显低于B组(P0.05);横纹肌溶解症发生率为5%、骨筋膜室综合征发生率为0%、平均住院天数为4.78天,明显低于B组的20.45%、4.55%和6.89天,差异有统计学意义。结论使用甘露醇对CK干预是减少及预防血循毒蛇咬伤后横纹肌溶解症及骨筋膜室综合征的有效措施,对血循毒蛇咬伤无明显禁忌证的患者甘露醇可以常规使用。     

老年颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死动脉溶栓的疗效观察

目的:探讨老年颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死动脉溶栓的疗效。方法:对我院老年科收治的63例老年颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死随机分为股动脉组以及颈动脉组,其中股动脉组患者30例,对其采用经皮股动脉穿刺微导管介入尿激酶溶栓治疗,颈动脉组患者33例,对其采用经皮患侧颈动脉穿刺尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果:对两组患者治疗前、术后2h以及术后30d采用NIHSS评分比较,两组患者NIHSS评分在术后2h及术后30d均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05);对两组患者治疗相关情况比较,股动脉组患者术后2h血管再通率明显高于颈动脉组(P<0.05),两组颅内出血率未显示出统计学差异性;对两组患者术后30d牛津残障OHS评分、BI指数比较,股动脉组患者明显优于颈动脉组(P<0.05)。结论:对老年急性脑梗死患者采用经皮股动脉穿刺微导管介入或采用经皮患侧颈动脉穿刺尿激酶溶栓治疗,均可有效改善患者预后,提高患者的临床疗效,两组相比较,股动脉组更能显示出优良的治疗率。     

从灾害救援特点看新时期心理卫生支援分队建设

根据自然灾害医学救援要求及组织体制,结合灾害救援过程中的心理压力来源及心理需求,提出心理卫生支援分队建设指导:人员需具备专业技能,兼顾全面技术;采取的工作方式主要为团体合作、小组协作和单人干预等;日常训练重点在于做好实战训练、预案、心理和物资方面的准备,力求使心理卫生支援分队满足新时期非战争军事任务的需要。     

替罗非班对急性心梗患者急诊PCI中冠脉内血栓的影响

目的:探讨替罗非班对ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)中冠状动脉内血栓的影响。方法:79例患者,随机分为试验组(替罗非班 PCI,34例)和对照组(直接PCI,45例)。观察住院期间主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率,冠状动脉内血栓和使用替罗非班的不良反应。结果:与对照组相比,试验组于术前应用替罗非班使PCI术前梗死相关血管(IRA)内血栓存在比例明显降低(P<0.05);试验组出血发生率较对照组有增多趋势(P>0.05)。结论:早期使用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班,可以明显减少STEMI梗死相关血管内血栓的发生率。     

颅内血管介入治疗缺血性脑血管病的疗效及预后分析

目的:探讨颅内血管介入治疗对缺血性脑血管病的临床疗效并分析预后效果。方法:选取2012年6月至2016年6月在我院接受治疗的缺血性脑血管病患者85例,根据患者治疗方式的不同分为观察组43例和对照组42例,其中观察组患者给予血管内支架植入治疗,对照组患者则给予常规药物治疗。观察两组治疗前、后血管收缩期峰流速(Vs)、舒张末期流速(Vd)情况,并比较治疗前、治疗6个月、1年后美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分以及患者预后情况。结果:治疗后观察组病变血管Vs、Vd均显著低于对照组、治疗前(P0.05)。治疗6个月、1年后观察组NIHSS评分均显著低于对照组、治疗前(P0.05)。治疗1年后观察组脑梗塞与短暂性脑缺血发作率以及病死率均显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:颅内血管介入治疗缺血性脑血管病的疗效显著,可有效促进患者神经功能恢复,同时降低脑血管病事件的发生率及病死率。     

The Impact of COVID-19 On Comorbidities: A Review Of Recent Updates For Combating It

Coronavirus disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus first appeared in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has spread globally. Till now, it affected 269 million people with 5.3 million deaths in 224 countries and territories. With the emergence of variants like Omicron, the COVID-19 cases grew exponentially, with thousands of deaths. The general symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, cough, lung infections, and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the lung, but it can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal system. It is observed that 75 % of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. The most common reported comorbidities are hypertension, NDs, diabetes, cancer, endothelial dysfunction, and CVDs. Moreover, older and pre-existing polypharmacy patients have worsened COVID-19 associated complications. SARS-CoV-2 also results in the hypercoagulability issues like gangrene, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other associated complications. This review aims to provide the latest information on the impact of the COVID-19 on pre-existing comorbidities such as CVDs, NDs, COPD, and other complications. This review will help us to understand the current scenario of COVID-19 and comorbidities; thus, it will play an important role in the management and decision-making efforts to tackle such complications.     

住院期间老年2型糖尿病患者低血糖原因分析及对策

目的:探讨住院期间老年2型糖尿病患者发生低血糖的原因及相关对策。方法:选择2012年12月~2013年12月住院治疗的老年2型糖尿病患者150例。根据是否发生低血糖将其分为未发生低血糖组80例(对照组)和发生低血糖组70例(研究组)。对两组患者的临床数据资料进行统计学比较。结果:1研究组患者的平均年龄、病程、体重指数、住院天数和对照组患者比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);2研究组患者血肌酐(Cr)水平和尿微量清蛋白定量(UMA)均显著高于对照组患者(P0.05);3低血糖在夜间02:00~05:59发生的频率明显较高;4研究组二甲双胍的应用比例明显低于对照组(P0.05),胰岛素的使用率和OAD+胰岛素联合应用的情况明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:老年2型糖尿病患者病程长、BMI低;血肌酐(Cr)水平和尿微量清蛋白定量(UMA)高;胰岛素的使用率及胰岛素联用OAD应用率高均会增加低血糖的发生风险。老年2型糖尿病患者应注意饮食治疗、运动治疗、药物治疗、血糖监测以及心理护理和健康指导。医护人员需为患者制定个体化的血糖控制目标,将老年2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制在适当水平。     

造血干细胞移植治疗白血病患者负性因素干预措施的护理研究

目的针对造血干细胞移植治疗白血病患者不同阶段存在负性因素的特点进行干预并观察其临床效果。方法对96例白血病患者在造血干细胞移植前期-预处理期-移植期-移植后期的不同阶段负性因素实施心理支持,全环境保护方案,并发症的预防、观察与处理,健康教育等干预措施。结果减轻或消除负性因素对患者的影响,减少了并发症的发生,缩短留住无菌层流室的时间,提高白血病患者移植后的生活质量。结论制定一整套合理的、规范的、系统的护理流程,使患者获得最佳护理方案,有效减轻负性因素对患者的影响。