皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱降低HepG2细胞脂质的最佳浓度配比研究

针对单一活性成分的减肥降脂效果较差,且容易出现耐药性等问题,本文筛选并优化了皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱降低HepG2细胞脂质的最佳浓度配比,为皮诺敛酸降脂产品的开发提供基础数据。通过油酸诱导HepG2细胞成脂建立体外非酒精性脂肪肝模型。采用油红O染色法确定了皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱降低HepG2细胞中脂滴的最佳浓度配比。实验结果表明0.5 mmol·L^-1油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪变性效果最佳,皮诺敛酸（PLA）最佳降脂浓度为6.25 μmol·L^-1,左旋肉碱（LC）最佳降脂浓度为250 μmol·L^-1,皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱（PLA/LC）最佳降脂浓度配比为1：40（μmol·L^-1/μmol·L^-1）。皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱复配物可以显著降低HepG2细胞脂质,具有用量少,协同作用效果突出的优点,因此皮诺敛酸/左旋肉碱复配物在开发降脂减肥产品中具有良好的应用前景。     

刺芹侧耳菌丝体固体发酵多糖在斑马鱼模型上的降血脂活性

高脂血症是诱导脂肪肝、高血压、动脉粥样硬化和心脑血管疾病的一个关键风险因素。本课题组前期研究已经在细胞水平、小鼠和斑马鱼动物模型上证实,刺芹侧耳多糖具有抑制体内脂质积累的生物活性。本文利用农林废弃物玉米芯和麦麸作为主要培养原料,通过固体发酵获得刺芹侧耳菌丝体多糖PESF（polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii mycelium solid-state fermentation）;进而,采用斑马鱼幼鱼和成鱼高脂动物模型,研究了刺芹侧耳菌丝体多糖在动物体内的降脂效率并解析了可能的降血脂途径和机理。实验结果证实,剂量400μg/mL的PESF不仅可显著抑制高脂饮食引起的斑马鱼幼鱼体内脂质积累,而且也可以有效抑制高脂饮食下斑马鱼成鱼的肝脏和肠道组织内的脂质积累,证实刺芹侧耳多糖具有显著抑制动物体内脂质积累的活性。这些结果建议,刺芹侧耳多糖降血脂的途径可能是通过降低肠道对脂类物质的吸收,从而减少了脂滴在肝脏中的积累。因此,本研究建议刺芹侧耳多糖具有开发成为降脂食品添加剂或者降脂药物原料的潜力。     

重症监护病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌致医院感染的观察

目的：为预防和治疗重症监护病房超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）细菌感染提供依据。方法：采用Etest法对可疑细菌进行ESBLs检测,用K-B法做药物敏感试验。结果：160株大肠埃希菌中,ESBLs阳性的33株,占20.6%（33/160）,124腺肺炎克雷伯菌中,ESBLs阳性的26株,占21.0%（26/124）。结论：ICU病房产ESBLs细菌具有较高的交叉耐药性和多重耐药性,应尽早预防,及时治疗。     

Towards the archaeobotanical identification of intensive cereal cultivation: present-day ecological investigation in the mountains of Asturias, northwest Spain

The region of Asturias, northwest Spain, is highly unusual in that a cereal crop (spelt wheat) is cultivated on a garden scale using horticultural methods. A floristic survey was made of the weeds in 65 spelt plots in this region. The ecological attributes of the weed species were then measured and compared to an earlier study of the functional characteristics of weeds associated with pulse crops on the Greek island of Evvia. In this earlier study, it was possible to distinguish between plots cultivated intensively on a garden-scale and plots cultivated extensively in fields, on the basis of a suite of functional attributes of the weed species. The cereal plots from Asturias were correctly identified as gardens on the basis of the same suite of attributes. The Asturias plots were also compared to weed associations from autumn- and spring-sown crops in Germany, using a different suite of attributes, and were classified either as autumn-sown or ambiguously. This is consistent with the sowing time in Asturias, which is spread over late autumn to winter. These results demonstrate that the suites of functional attributes identified to distinguish intensive and extensive cultivation, and to recognise sowing time, can be applied in another geographical area and to another crop type. This paves the way for the application of these attributes to the identification of past agricultural practices from archaeological weed assemblages. Received September 12, 2001 / Accepted December 12, 2002     

血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房患者压力性损伤的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清白蛋白（Alb）、肌红蛋白（Mb）及改良早期预警评分（MEWS）、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房（ICU）患者压力性损伤（PI）的预测价值。方法：选取2021年6月～2022年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院ICU住院的患者120例,根据是否发生PI分为PI组43例和非PI组77例。ICU患者PI的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对ICU患者PI的预测价值采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析。结果：PI组年龄大于非PI组,机械通气比例、体温、Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分高于非PI组,住院时间长于非PI组,Alb低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。住院时间延长和Mb升高、MEWS增加、Waterlow评分增加为ICU患者PI的独立危险因素,Alb升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分四项联合预测ICU患者PI的曲线下面积大于各指标预测（P＜0.05）。结论：血清Alb水平降低和Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分升高与ICU患者PI发生独立相关,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分联合对ICU患者PI具有良好预测价值。     

The Impact of COVID-19 On Comorbidities: A Review Of Recent Updates For Combating It

Coronavirus disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus first appeared in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has spread globally. Till now, it affected 269 million people with 5.3 million deaths in 224 countries and territories. With the emergence of variants like Omicron, the COVID-19 cases grew exponentially, with thousands of deaths. The general symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, cough, lung infections, and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the lung, but it can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal system. It is observed that 75 % of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. The most common reported comorbidities are hypertension, NDs, diabetes, cancer, endothelial dysfunction, and CVDs. Moreover, older and pre-existing polypharmacy patients have worsened COVID-19 associated complications. SARS-CoV-2 also results in the hypercoagulability issues like gangrene, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other associated complications. This review aims to provide the latest information on the impact of the COVID-19 on pre-existing comorbidities such as CVDs, NDs, COPD, and other complications. This review will help us to understand the current scenario of COVID-19 and comorbidities; thus, it will play an important role in the management and decision-making efforts to tackle such complications.     

五味子对实验性水上漂浮及高强度运动大鼠垂体-性腺轴的影响

目的研究五味子对实验性水上漂浮及高强度运动大鼠垂体-性腺轴的影响。方法 34只SD大鼠随机分为非应激对照组（A组,n=10）、应激对照组（B组,n=12）和五味子干预组（C组,n=12）。A组不接受任何刺激,在生理盐水灌胃1周后进行取样。B组和C组进行为期10 d的递增负荷跑台训练,分别用生理盐水和五味子灌胃1周后,行3 h水上漂浮及3 h跑台高强度运动,结束即刻取血,测定血清皮质酮（CORT）、睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）;随机取一侧睾丸,HE染色观察组织病理结构;电子显微镜下观察超微结构。结果 （1）B组大鼠与A组相比,睾酮水平显著下降;C组大鼠与B组相比,睾酮水平无明显变化,皮质酮水平显著降低;黄体生成素在3组之间均无显著变化。（2）HE染色示3组大鼠睾丸组织病理无明显变化。（3）电子显微镜观察发现,B组大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞线粒体肿胀,电子密度增高;C组大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞线粒体结构趋向于正常,可见分泌颗粒。结论五味子对实验性水上漂浮及高强度运动大鼠睾酮水平无明显作用,对睾丸超微结构有一定保护作用。     

The impact of physical training on neutrophil extracellular traps in young male athletes – a pilot study

Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune response against various pathogens. However, there is a lack of research concerning the effects of short intensive training on neutrophil functions, especially neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. The study aim was to determine the effects of a 19-day training cycle on innate immunity among young male athletes. Six male ice hockey players (< 20 years old) from the Polish national team were monitored across a five-day training camp and after a return to normal club training. The first blood collection took place before training (T1), the second after the training camp (T2) and the third 14 days later (T3). The counts/concentrations of blood biochemical, immune and endocrine markers were compared across each training period. Creatine kinase activity tended to increase at T2 (546 ± 216 U·L^-1) when compared to T1 (191 ± 111 U·L^-1; p=0.063). Neutrophil extracellular traps formation and neutrophil counts also differed between training periods (p=0.042 and p=0.042, respectively). Neutrophil counts tended to decrease, in contrast to NET formation which tended to rise, at T2 in comparison to T1 (2.51 ± 0.45 vs 3.04 ± 0.47 109·L^-1; 24 ± 13 vs 8 ± 15%, respectively). No significant differences in other leucocyte counts were observed. A short period of intensive training was accompanied by some muscle damage and inflammation, as evidenced by CK and NET up-regulation, whilst neutrophil counts were diminished in the blood. Thus, neutrophils and NET could be involved in muscle damage and local inflammatory processes following intensive physical training in young male athletes.     

重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的分布及耐药性监测

目的探讨医院重症监护病房(ICU)鲍曼不动杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的分布及耐药性特点。方法回顾性调查2006年7月至2010年6月ICU患者中分离出的鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的临床感染情况,对111株鲍曼不动杆菌和73株铜绿假单胞菌的药敏结果进行统计分析,所有数据采用WHONET 5.5软件进行分析。结果鲍曼不动杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌在呼吸道标本中检出率最高(76.1%),其次是CVP导管尖端(8.7%),鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药率85%的有8种,对亚胺培南的耐药率也达70.3%,耐药率最低的仅有头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(17.1%);铜绿假单胞菌对替卡西林、亚胺培南有较高的耐药率,分别为45.2%、41.1%,对其他抗菌药物耐药率均25%。结论下呼吸道是ICU患者鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌感染的主要部位;ICU患者感染以鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌为主,鲍曼不动杆菌较铜绿假单胞菌耐药及多重耐药性严重。     

益气养阴法对重症监护室耐药菌肺炎患者临床疗效、病原菌清除率及炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨益气养阴法治疗重症监护室(ICU)耐药菌肺炎患者的临床疗效及对病原菌清除率、白细胞计数(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)的影响。方法:选择30例于2016年8月至2018年5月期间在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院住院的ICU耐药菌肺炎患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=16)和对照组(n=14),两组均常规给予常规抗感染治疗以及对症支持治疗,观察组在此基础上采用参麦注射液的益气养阴法。分别观察两组患者的临床疗效,对比两组病原菌清除率及治疗前后WBC、PCT、hs-CRP水平。结果:观察组临床疗效为93.75%(15/16),高于对照组的64.29%(9/14)(P<0.05)。观察组的病原菌清除率为68.75%(11/16),高于对照组的42.85%(6/14),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组WBC、PCT、hs-CRP水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组和对照组WBC、PCT、hs-CRP水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),与对照组相比,观察组治疗后WBC、PCT、hs-CRP水平更低(P<0.05)。结论:采用参麦注射液的益气养阴法可控制ICU耐药菌肺炎,临床疗效确切,提高抗菌药物的杀菌效果,减轻肺部炎症反应。