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91.
Establishment of inoculatedAzospirillum spp. in the rhizosphere and in roots of field grown wheat and sorghum 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Summary Four field experiments were carried out with wheat or sorghum in different regions of Brazil. The aim was to study the establishment of inoculatedAzospirillum strains, marked with resistance to various antibiotics, in the rhizosphere and in roots. The levels of the various antibiotics were chosen according to the resistance of the indigenousAzospirillum population.Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp 107 and Sp 245 could be established in all three wheat experiments and predominated within theAzospirillum population in washed, and especially in surface sterilized, roots. Strains Sp 7 and Cd established poorly in wheat roots.Azospirillum lipoferum Sp S82 represented 72% of the root isolates from sorghum inoculated with this strain. This strain and naturalAzospirillum infection became concentrated in the upper parts of the root system. Improved methods for root surface sterilization in which the absence ofAzospirillum on the root surface was established by pre-incubating roots with paraffin-capped ends in NFb medium confirmed the establishment of inoculatedAzospirillum strains within sorghum roots in the field. 相似文献
92.
93.
Specimens of spruce Picea abies (L.) Karsten were inoculated with the fungi Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius and Lactarius piperatus in a nursery at the time of sowing. The 1-year seedlings were then tested in two growth periods for their photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, and water potential; their roots were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Increased photosynthetic activity was determined at the start of the growth season in only those seedlings inoculated with the fungus Laccaria laccata. The levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids measured in September in the needles of all three mycorrhized groups of plants were higher than in the controls. 相似文献
94.
南方根结线虫初始接种密度对生姜生长的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在盆栽条件下,研究了南方根结线虫不同初始接种密度对生姜生长的影响.结果表明,南方根结线虫的侵染,降低生姜株高、茎粗、分枝数、茎叶鲜重和根系鲜重,最终降低生姜的产量,且随着接种密度的增加,生姜生长所受到的危害也随之增加.每100 g干土接种0、100和200个卵,可使生姜分别减产27.91%、37.73%和42.14%.初始接种密度对南方根结线虫繁殖速率也有很大影响.一般初始接种密度低时繁殖速率高,接种密度高时繁殖速率低,其在生姜上的平衡密度为每100 g干土746.20个. 相似文献
95.
96.
Our finding demonstrates, for the first time, that the roots of mature pine trees can be successfully inoculated with a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus, the valuable matsutake mushroom. Long root segments (ca. 5–10 mm in diameter, ca. 50 cm in length) of 50-year-old Pinus densiflora trees were excavated, washed, auxin-treated (2–5 mg indole butyric acid, IBA, per root) and incubated in moist Spagnum moss. Twelve months later, short roots were regenerated, of which approximately 90% were free of mycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza-free short roots were inoculated with mycelial pieces of Tricholoma matsutake and incubated further in a sterilized substrate. Four-and-a-half months later, roots putatively colonized by Matsutake were sampled near the inoculation points. A T. matsutake-specific ITS-rDNA fragment was amplified by nested PCR from approximately 80% of the root samples analyzed, whereas approximately 66% of the root samples processed for staining with Chlorazol black E displayed characteristic T. matsutake Hartig net structures. These results confirm the symbiotic infection of mature P. densiflora roots by matsutake. 相似文献
97.
Effect of yeast inoculation rate on the metabolism of contaminating lactobacilli during fermentation of corn mash 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two separate 4 (bacterial concentrations)×6 (yeast concentrations) full factorial experiments were conducted in an attempt to identify a novel approach to minimize the effects caused by bacterial contamination during industrial production of ethanol from corn. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei, commonly occurring bacterial contaminants in ethanol plants, were used in separate fermentation experiments conducted in duplicate using an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Allyeast Superstart. Bacterial concentrations were 0, 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 cells/ml mash. Yeast concentrations were 0, 1×106, 1×107, 2×107, 3×107, and 4×107 cells/ml mash. An increased yeast inoculation rate of 3×107 cells/ml resulted in a greater than 80% decrease (P<0.001) and a greater than 55% decrease (P<0.001) in lactic acid production by L. plantarum and L. paracasei, respectively, when mash was infected with 1×108 lactobacilli/ml. No differences (P>0.25) were observed in the final ethanol concentration produced by yeast at any of the inoculation rates studied, in the absence of lactobacilli. However, when the mash was infected with 1×107 or 1×108 lactobacilli/ml, a reduction of 0.7–0.9% v/v (P<0.005) and a reduction of 0.4–0.6% v/v (P<0.005) in the final ethanol produced was observed in mashes inoculated with 1×106 and 1×107 yeast cells/ml, respectively. At higher yeast inoculation rates of 3×107 or 4×107 cells/ml, no differences (P>0.35) were observed in the final ethanol produced even when the mash was infected with 1×108 lactobacilli/ml. The increase in ethanol corresponded to the reduction in lactic acid production by lactobacilli. This suggests that using an inoculation rate of 3×107 yeast cells/ml reduces the growth and metabolism of contaminating lactic bacteria significantly, which results in reduced lactic acid production and a concomitant increase in ethanol production by yeast. 相似文献
98.
J. Garbaye 《Plant and Soil》1983,71(1-3):303-308
Resumé Les premiers résultats d'un modèle expérimental visant à quantifier le comportement de différents champignons ectomycorhiziens sur différents sols sont décrits. Ils mettent en évidence que l'intensité de l'inoculation par une souche introduite est un facteur décisif pour la mycorhization par cette souche. La photopériode et le temps sont également très importants à prendre en compte pour la définition de la capacité d'accueil d'un sol. Les deux sols testés ont des comportements très différents. La microflore du sol n'est pas toujours l'obstacle principal à l'infection mycorhizienne et à son extension.
First results of research on the competitivity of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Summary The first results of an experimental model for quantifying the behaviour of different ectomycorrhizal fungi on different soils are described. They show that the inoculation intensity of the introduced strain is a decisive factor for the mycorrhization by this strain. Photoperiod and time are very important too for the definition of the soil receptivity. The two tested soils have very different behaviours. The soil microflora is not always the main obstacle to the mycorrhizal infection and to its extension.相似文献
99.
《Mycoscience》2020,61(4):172-178
An aecidium-type rust fungus, which causes rust disease in Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae), was found on Kyusyu Is., Japan. A sequence analysis of genomic ribosomal DNA showed that this rust fungus genetically matches Stereostratum corticioides, a causal agent of culm rust disease of bamboos and broadleaf bamboos. Inoculation experiments and further nucleotide sequence analyses that included additional fungal material showed that the aecidium-type rust fungus is conspecific with S. corticioides, a species whose spermogonial and aecial stages were previously unknown. Thus, we demonstrated heteroecism in S. corticioides for the first time. We also propose that the binomial Puccinia corticioides should be revived to replace S. corticioides. 相似文献
100.
Summary Young pine seedlings were inoculated with mycelial cultures of 8 fungi, and basidiospore cultures of 4 fungi. Four months later distinctive mycorrhizas had been formed by all 4 spore cultures and by 5 of the mycelial cultures.At 10 months one further mycelial culture had given rise to distinctive mycorrhizas. However, by that time contamination between treatments, or from outside, was at a higher level.Survival of outplanted seedlings after 6 months was generally poor, but was slightly greater in some treatments. 相似文献