土壤腹毛类纤毛虫四新纪录种

利用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察和蛋白银染色法,研究了青岛的土壤纤毛虫,发现2属4种我国新纪录种:澳洲管膜虫(Cyrtohymena australis Foissner,1995)、四核管膜虫[C.quadrinucleata(DragescoNjine,1971)]、犬牙管膜虫[C.candens(Kahl,1932)]及迟钝澳纤虫(Australocirrus oscitans BlattererFoissner,1988)。文中对该4种纤毛虫的活体形态和纤毛图式进行了观察记述,补充了前人描述的不足,并依据统计学特征与相近种群进行了比较。     

一种淡水缘毛类纤毛虫————沟钟虫的形态学研究

利用活体观察及蛋白银染色技术对一淡水缘毛目纤毛虫——沟钟虫（Vorticella convallaria）的形态学和表膜下纤维系进行了研究。结果表明：沟钟虫的活体个员自然伸展时外形较稳定,并呈明显的倒置钟状,长宽约为50—85μm×40—75μm;口围缘完全外展时为虫体最宽处;伸缩泡一个,较大,位于口围唇下方及口前庭的左侧。胞质均匀而透明,无脂肪滴存在,游泳体呈圆柱形。细胞表面横纹从口围唇到反口纤毛环为74—78条,自反口纤毛环到帚胚为18—24条。大核呈大幅度盘绕的长肠状,两端高度弯曲,纵贯于细胞内。蛋白银制片后表膜下纤维系特征为：虫体纵向纤维稀疏而粗壮,37—42条,似灯笼状;口围盘纤维呈典型的倾斜态分布,并呈放射状排列。第三咽膜（P3）在近口末端处呈明显的分离态,可视为该物种重要的分类学依据。     

Two new Raabena species and a new Pararaabena species (Ciliophora,Entodiniomorphida) with redescriptions of Raabena bella and Pararaabena dentata

The genera Raabena and Pararaabena (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Blepharocorythidae) were monospecific, and their type species are Raabena bella Wolska, 1967 and Pararaabena dentata Wolska, 1968. They have been found in Asian elephants and closely resemble each other: ovoid and laterally compressed body; non-retractable adoral ciliary zone; funnel-shaped vestibulum; three non-retractable somatic ciliary arches. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the vestibular ciliary zone and the anterior dorsal ciliary zone identifies Raabena and Pararaabena: these two ciliary zones are connected in Raabena while they are separated in Pararaabena. While investigating entodiniomorphid ciliates of Asian elephants, the author often encountered ciliates similar to Raabena bella but with a sinuous body or with a small body and ciliates similar to Pararaabena dentata but with a slender body or with no or two caudal lobes. In this study, their general morphology and infraciliature were compared to R. bella and P. dentata to know whether they are new species or morphological variations in a species. As a result, the present study redescribed R. bella and P. dentata, and described R. sinuosa n. sp., R. bellafilia n. sp., P. gracilis n. sp., and morphotypes of P. dentata.     

Morphology and small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Uronemita parabinucleata n. sp. (Ciliophora,Uronematidae), with an improved generic diagnosis

The morphology and infraciliature of a new species, Uronemita parabinucleata n. sp., isolated from intertidal sediments in a coastal region in northern China, were investigated using live observation and silver impregnation methods. The new species is characterized by an in vivo body size of about 20–50 × 10–25 μm, 22 or 23 somatic kineties, two macronuclear nodules, and one caudal cilium. Its small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) was sequenced and compared with those of other Uronemita species to reveal nucleotide differences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Uronemita is monophyletic and that the new species clusters with its congener Uronemita filificum, with full support provided by both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood algorithms. Based on previous studies and the present study, an improved diagnosis of the genus Uronemita is supplied, which has been absent since the establishment of this genus. A key to the Uronemita species is also provided.     

A New Genus of Marine Scuticociliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Northern China, with a Brief Note on Its Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequence Data

ABSTRACT. The morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system of a new marine scuticociliate, Wilbertia typica n. g., n. sp., collected from coastal waters off northern China, were investigated. The new genus Wilbertia is characterized as follows: sculptured and dorso-ventrally flattened body; dominant buccal field that is almost completely surrounded by the paroral membrane; three apically positioned long membranelles, arranged in parallel; membranelle (M)1 and M2 prominent, M3 small; reticulate silverline system. The type species W. typica n. sp. is defined by having a conspicuous anterior beak-like protrusion; five to eight caudal cilia; M1 four-rowed, M2 two-rowed; M3, single-rowed, bipartite; 15 or 16 somatic kineties; contractile vacuole positioned just posterior to the buccal field; globular macronucleus. The small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence of W. typica is 98.5% similar to the similar morphotype, Eurystomatella sinica . Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Wilbertia groups with Eurystomatella sinica forming a branch that diverges at a deep level from all other pleuronematid scuticociliates. The molecular and morphological data indicate that Wilbertia should be placed within the family Eurystomatidae, which is closely related to the well-known Cyclidiidae.