Actin protein up-regulated upon infection and development of the filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), in the vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Detection and identification of humoral proteins, which are up-regulated in Culex quinquefasciatus upon infection by Wuchereria bancrofti, is important in tracing out the biochemical consequences of the filarial parasite development in the vector mosquito. Analysis of the haemolymph of infected mosquitoes through SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC showed up-regulation of five proteins of molecular weights 40, 66, 22, 14, and 7-kDa. Among these, only the 40-kDa was unknown and the others were comparable with those already reported as transferrin, attacin, lysozyme, and defensin, respectively. In the present study, the 40-kDa protein up-regulated upon infection was identified as actin through nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. Actin is known to be one of the cytoskeletal proteins up-regulated in the haemolymph, as part of the innate immune system, of Escherichia coli challenged Drosophila melanogaster larvae. For the first time, we have observed an increased level of actin in the haemolymph of W. bancrofti-infected Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the exact mechanism of actin involvement in the immune system of this mosquito is yet to be studied.     

Giardia duodenalis: pathological alterations in gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, infected with different dosages of trophozoites

To examine the infection kinetics and development of alterations in the small intestine of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), 72 gerbils were divided into six groups (A to F), with A serving as control and the others inoculated with increasing doses of trophozoites from Giardia duodenalis human isolate. The infection kinetics and the development of histopathological alterations were monitored by optical scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A 12-day prepatent period was observed, with intermittent elimination up to day 35 after inoculation. Statistically significant differences were found between the mean number of trophozoites recovered, per group, on the days of sacrifice, and a positive correlation between the inoculum dosage and the number of trophozoites recovered. Morphometrically, the villus:crypt ratio showed a drop in all the groups when compared with the control group. SEM revealed an increase in mucus production in the inoculated animals and the presence of trophozoite clusters at the top and base of the villi. The dosage of trophozoite inoculum does not interfere in the ability for infection to occur or in the development of histopathological alterations generated by intestinal colonization.     

院内深部真菌感染92例临床分析

目的探讨院内深部真菌感染的临床表现、感染相关因素及诊断治疗措施.方法对1993年1月至2002年12月间经微生物检查证实的92例院内深部真菌感染的病例临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果在92例患者中,肺部疾病26例,糖尿病19例,血液病及肿瘤19例,外科手术后13例,消化系统疾病6例,慢性肾脏病6例,风湿性疾病3例.主要感染真菌为白色念珠菌和酵母菌.感染相关因素:长时间应用广谱抗生素病人65例,应用糖皮质激素22例,应用免疫抑制剂18例,应用气管切开或气管内插管以及中心静脉留置导管17例,进行血液净化治疗的9例.治疗痊愈59例(64.1%),好转10例(10.9%),死亡23例(25%).结论白色念珠菌是院内深部真菌感染的主要致病菌株,有逐年增加趋势,病死率高.与长时间应用广谱抗生素及免疫抑制剂等有相关性.     

大学生尿沉渣中解脲脲原体和人型支原体感染情况分析

目的了解解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealytium,Uu)和人型支原体(Mycoplasma homanis,Mh)在大学生泌尿道中的感染情况.方法采用培养方法对37例正常的在校大学生的尿沉渣进行Uu和Mh的培养.结果采用培养方法检测21.6%(8/37)的大学生Uu感染为阳性,其中分离阳性者全部是女生(8/20,40%),13.50%(5/37)大学生Mh培养为阳性,其中阳性者亦全部为女生,占女生人数的25%(5/20).结论Uu和Mh可能是女性泌尿道的正常寄生的微生物之一.     

肺结核残留空洞的诊断再评价

目的 探讨初治肺结核患者临床治愈后残留空洞的诊断再评价。方法 2003 年1 月- 2007 年6 月, 67 例初治痰菌阳性肺结核患者在完成短程化疗后痰菌阴转, 达到临床治愈, 但X 线胸片检查仍残留空洞, 通过支气管肺泡灌洗( BAL)经皮肺穿刺活检( PLB) , 对肺结核合并疾病的诊断进行再评价。结果 67 例患者均进行BAL, 证实结核分枝杆菌阴性, 经知情并同意后, 其中的59 例患者进行PLB 62 例次, 发现肺癌2 例次( 鳞癌1 例次、腺癌1 例次) , 真菌感染5 例次( 曲霉感染2例次、隐球菌感染2 例次、白假丝酵母感染1 例次) , 结核分枝杆菌阳性5 例次, 细菌培养阳性3 例次( 铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、产酸克雷伯菌各1 例次) 。结论 即使在肺结核诊断成立并且治疗有效, 对肺结核合并疾病的诊断仍应受到高度重视,临床治愈后若残留空洞, 仍有必要对诊断进行评价, 以免延误肺结核合并的肿瘤和感染性疾病的诊断, 必要时需进行BAL 或PLB 明确诊断。     

儿童幽门螺杆菌感染

幽门螺杆菌感染不仅能引起胃炎、消化性溃疡,诱发胃癌等胃肠道的病变,还与许多胃肠外疾病密切相关,如果不经过特殊治疗将终生带菌,严重的影响小儿的生长发育和身心健康。这些问题引起了儿科医生和儿童保健医生的共同关注。儿童期既是幽门螺杆菌感染的特殊时期,也是控制感染的关键时期。本文将从小儿幽门螺杆菌国内外的感染状况、相关疾病、诊断方法、治疗及预防等几个方面综述如下。     

Involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in infection-induced edema

Abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues, including the life-threatening cerebral and pulmonary edema, is a severe consequence of bacteria infection. Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative human pathogen responsible for a spectrum of diseases, causing tissue fluid accumulation and edema in various organs. However, the underlying mechanism for tissue fluid secretion induced by C. trachomatis and most of other infectious pathogens is not known. Here, we report that in mice C. trachomatis infection models, the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP activated chloride channel, is up regulated together with increased cytokine release and tissue fluid accumulation that can be reversed by treatment with antibiotic specific for C. trachomatis and CFTR channel blocker. However, C. trachomatis infection cannot induce tissue edema in CFTRtm1Unc mutant mice. Administration of exogenous IL-1beta to mice mimics the C. trachomatis infection-induced CFTR upregulation, enhanced CFTR channel activity and fluid accumulation, further confirming the involvement of CFTR in infection-induced tissue fluid secretion.     

Fungal infections of a colonial marine invertebrate: Diversity and morphological consequences

Summary Colonies of the bryozoan speciesHippodiplosia insculpta collected from Grandmother’s Cove (American Camp, San Juan Island, Washington, USA) were analyzed in view of pathologic growth patterns. The species produced giant buds that were filled with extracellular polymeric substances and a dense microbial biofilm consisting of bacteria and fungal hyphae. Fungi were isolated from the colonies and were identified asPenicillium expansum, Peniillium brevicompactum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Acremonium breve, andCladosporium sphaerospermum. The results of this study indicate that the formation of giant buds in the bryozoan is a defense mechanism against fungal infection.     

SABC法和胶体金标免疫电镜观察体外感染细胞中HCV—NS5的表达

寻找敏感的丙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＣＶ)体外培养系统 ,对于研究ＨＣＶ的病毒体特征、致病机理、抗病毒治疗和疫苗研制等方面有着重要的意义。我们曾在体外感染的人Ｔ淋巴细胞中发现ＨＣＶ的正、负链[1] ,随后对于ＨＣＶ在体外感染细胞中的抗原表达情况又做了进一步研究 ,现报道结果如下。1　材料和方法1.1　ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性接种物选择ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平为 2× 10 4 拷贝 /ｍＬ(荧光定量法。试剂盒由美国Ｂｉｏｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ公司提供 )的血清 ,该血清检查甲、乙、丁、戊型肝炎标志为阴性 ,以此作为接种物 ,同时 ,选用正常人的血清作阴性对照。1.2…     

抗—HEV的临床意义

为了探索散发性戊型肝炎抗体的临床意义.采用ELISA方法检测.结果为102份抗-HEV阳性血清中抗-HEV·IgM+72份(占70.6%)、IgG+21份(占20.6%)、双阳性9份(占8.8%);IgM阳性与急性期病程和ALT异常呈现正相关.认为抗-HEV·IgM/IgG临床判断IgM为诊断标志、IgG为感染标志;疫区急性期内再感染可能性极少;城市散发戊肝食源性感染是主要传播方式之一;提示应加强饮食服务卫生管理.