Natural occurrence of Beauveria bassiana in Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in unsprayed coffee fields

Three unsprayed coffee farms (farm 1, 2 and 3) were studied for the natural occurrence of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Hypothenemus hampei populations throughout the rainy season of 2004 (July-November) and 2005 (July-December). B. bassiana infections were found during most sampling dates in both years, on all three farms. The B. bassiana infection levels were higher in 2005 than in 2004 with mean prevalence of 12.1% and 2.7%, respectively. No consistent significant differences in infection level between farms were found in any of the years. B. bassiana infection levels fluctuated widely throughout the season, and peaked at 13.5% on farm 3 in 2004 and at 44.0% on farm 1 in 2005. The H. hampei population was significantly higher in 2004 than in 2005, with 6.9% of the berries infested in 2004 and only 0.7% in 2005. In both years, the H. hampei infestation level was significantly higher on farm 2. No consistent significant differences in H. hampei infestation levels were found between sampling dates on any of the farms. H. hampei infestation levels fluctuated throughout both seasons, and peaked at 15.3% on farm 2 in 2004 and 2.2% on farm 2 in 2005. No consistent density dependent correlation between H. hampei infestation level and B. bassiana infection level was found. Correlations between climatic conditions and B. bassiana or H. hampei were not found.     

念珠菌阴道炎及其耐药性分析

目的探索女性念珠菌阴道炎发病情况及耐药性。方法白带常规采用直接盐水涂片法;阴道分泌物培养按细菌培养常规法进行培养。结果白带常规检查中念珠菌阳性率为12．9％,滴虫阳性率为2．0％,线索细胞阳性率为10．3％,清洁度（Ⅲ～Ⅳ）为13．0％。阴道分泌物培养情况如下：念珠菌阳性率为26％,细菌感染阳性率为45％．今珠菌培养阳性的标本中：白色念珠菌占90％,光滑念珠菌占7．8％,热带念珠菌占2．2％。念珠菌药敏结果分析：制霉素敏感度大于80％,是治疗念珠菌阴道炎最理想的药物。结论念珠菌阴道炎处于逐年上升的趋势：医生应根据药敏结果合理选择抗真菌药物,以免抗生素的滥用。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒感染

CD4 CD25 是调节性T细胞中功能最重要的一类.它是一类具有特殊免疫调节功能的T细胞亚群.它能够抑制自身免疫病的发生和发展,参与肿瘤免疫的调节,同时在感染和移植免疫中也发挥着极其重要的作用.T细胞的这一亚群具有免疫调节和免疫抑制的特性,新近发现它亦与爱滋病的发生、发展关系密切.HIV进入人体后,CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞抑制了机体的免疫效应但它也同时被感染,最终由于细胞毒的作用而死亡.由于调节性T细胞数量的减少不能有效的发挥其抑制作用,HIV持续的过度活化使得T细胞逐渐耗竭说明在HIV发生、发展的不同阶段Treg细胞可能都发挥了免疫抑制作用,但是却对HIV感染与爱滋病发病的进程产生了不同的效应.此外,CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞还与HIV病毒的持续存在密切相关.本文就CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞与人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染之间关系进行初步的探讨.     

Lipolytic enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterial pathogen that can persist for decades in an infected patient without causing a disease. In vivo, the tubercle bacillus present in the lungs store triacylglycerols in inclusion bodies. The same process can be observed in vitro when the bacteria infect adipose tissues. Indeed, before entering in the dormant state, bacteria accumulate lipids originating from the host cell membrane degradation and from de novo synthesis. During the reactivation phase, these lipids are hydrolysed and the infection process occurs. The degradation of both extra and intracellular lipids can be directly related to the presence of lipolytic enzymes in mycobacteria, which have been ignored during a long period particularly due to the difficulties to obtain a high expression level of these enzymes in M. tuberculosis. The completion of the M. tuberculosis genome offered new opportunity to this kind of study. The aim of this review is to focus on the recent results obtained in the field of mycobacterium lipolytic enzymes and although no experimental proof has been shown in vivo, it is tempting to speculate that these enzymes could be involved in the virulence and pathogenicity processes.     

Strategies of attack and defense in plant–oomycete interactions, accentuated for Phytophthora parasitica Dastur (syn. P. Nicotianae Breda de Haan)

Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to their particular physiological characteristics, no efficient treatments against diseases caused by these microorganisms are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. Available data are scarce, and genomic approaches were mainly developed for the two species, Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora sojae. However, these two species are exceptions from, rather than representative species for, the genus. P. infestans is a foliar pathogen, and P. sojae infects a narrow range of host plants, while the majority of Phytophthora species are quite unselective, root-infecting pathogens. To represent this majority, Phytophthora parasitica emerges as a model for the genus, and genomic resources for analyzing its interaction with plants are developing. The aim of this review is to assemble current knowledge on cytological and molecular processes that are underlying plant–pathogen interactions involving Phytophthora species and in particular P. parasitica, and to place them into the context of a hypothetical scheme of co-evolution between the pathogen and the host.     

病毒感染蛋白质组学研究进展

病毒的侵入会导致宿主细胞蛋白表达模式的改变,这种改变将影响宿主细胞的正常生理功能并决定病毒的致病进程和结果.因此,病毒感染蛋白质组学研究有助于揭示病毒与宿主的相互作用机制和病毒的分子致病机制,以及寻找病毒早期感染的分子标记、建立早期诊断方法、评价治疗效果和预后.本文介绍了病毒感染蛋白质组学研究技术、病毒诱导宿主细胞蛋白质组改变和病毒感染宿主血清差异蛋白质组等方面的研究进展.     

Expression of putative virulence factors in the potato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus during infection

The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and ring rot of potato. So far, only two proteins have been shown to be essential for virulence, namely a plasmid-encoded cellulase CelA and a hypersensitive response-inducing protein. We have examined the relative expression of CelA and eight putative virulence factors during infection of potato and in liquid culture, using quantitative real-time PCR. The examined putative virulence genes were celB, a cellulase-encoding gene and genes encoding a pectate lyase, a xylanase and five homologues of the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity factor Pat-1 thought to encode a serine protease. Six of the nine assayed genes were up-regulated during infection of potato, including celA, celB, the xylanase gene, and two of the pat genes. The pectate lyase gene showed only slightly elevated expression, whereas three of the five examined pat genes were down-regulated during infection in potato. Interestingly, the two up-regulated pat genes showed a noticeable sequence difference compared to the three down-regulated pat genes. These results reveal several new proteins that are likely to be involved in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus pathogenicity.     

全基因组SHIV-KB9克隆的构建及其在人、猴外周血单核细胞中的复制

将分别携带SHIV-KB9 (SIV/HIV-1 KB9) 基因组的3′端和5′端的两个半长克隆,体外连接成SHIV-KB9全基因组克隆.含有全长基因的质粒培养时易发生同源重组和缺失,采用JM109作为宿主菌以及30℃、低转速的培养条件,可保持质粒的稳定性.通过PCR , RT-PCR 和猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV) gag p27 核心抗原滴度检测表明感染性克隆SHIV-KB9可有效在人、恒河猴及食蟹猴的外周血单核细胞中复制.     

下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性

目的:研究本院下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性,为合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法:对下呼吸道感染流行菌进行统计分析.结果:检出病原菌716株,革兰阴性杆菌为主要菌种,而G杆菌中铜绿假单胞菌占13.69%,肺炎克雷伯菌占8.8%,不动杆菌属占8.4%.除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌外,G杆菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感性高.G 球菌以表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主要菌种,耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSS)的检出率为85.3%,耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌的检出率为91.6%.真菌分离呈增多趋势,占所有病原菌的23.28%.结论:下呼吸道感染流行菌药敏显示耐药水平较多,临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选择抗生素,以利于疾病的治疗.     

HCMV大小鼠眼组织损伤模型的初步研究

目的探讨接种人巨细胞病毒(Humancytomegalovirus,HCMV)是否引起Wistar大鼠、昆明种小鼠眼组织损伤.方法将HCMVAD169毒株经静脉接种Wistar大鼠和昆明种小鼠,观察动物眼部发病情况,原位杂交检测动物眼组织中的HCMVDNA片段.结果接种病毒后部分动物缓慢出现眼部发病,局部分泌物增多、浑浊甚至失明;经原位杂交于视锥、视杆细胞和角膜内皮细胞中检出HCMVDNA片段.结论HCMV可以感染动物眼组织,并引起动物发生眼病.