浙江安吉主要林地类型土壤渗透性

对浙江安吉县龙王山地区主要植被类型的土壤渗透性进行了研究.结果表明,不同土地利用类型的土壤渗透性存在很大差别.根据土壤渗透能力可将8种植被类型分为4类：第1类,落叶阔叶林,土壤渗透能力极强;第2类,草地、松林、灌木林和茶园,土壤渗透能力强;第3类,毛竹林和常绿阔叶林,土壤渗透较强;第4类,裸露地,土壤较紧实,土壤结构较差,土壤通透性不佳,渗透能力弱.经主分量分析,得到表征渗透性能综合参数α和表征根系特征的综合参数β,构建了回归方程：α=0.1708e^β-0.3122.土壤理化性质、植被根系显著地影响土壤渗透性能.植被根系提高土壤入渗性能的实质是≤1 mm细根能有效地改善土壤性状.     

Stereological and Flow Cytometry Characterization of Leukocyte Subpopulations in Models of Transient or Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

Microglia activation, as well as extravasation of haematogenous macrophages and neutrophils, is believed to play a pivotal role in brain injury after stroke. These myeloid cell subpopulations can display different phenotypes and functions and need to be distinguished and characterized to study their regulation and contribution to tissue damage. This protocol provides two different methodologies for brain immune cell characterization: a precise stereological approach and a flow cytometric analysis. The stereological approach is based on the optical fractionator method, which calculates the total number of cells in an area of interest (infarcted brain) estimated by a systematic random sampling. The second characterization approach provides a simple way to isolate brain leukocyte suspensions and to characterize them by flow cytometry, allowing for the characterization of microglia, infiltrated monocytes and neutrophils of the ischemic tissue. In addition, it also details a cerebral ischemia model in mice that exclusively affects brain cortex, generating highly reproducible infarcts with a low rate of mortality, and the procedure for histological brain processing to characterize infarct volume by the Cavalieri method.     

3,5-Dicaffeoyl-4-malonylquinic acid reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 3,5-dicaffeoyl-4-malonylquinic acid (CA1), extract from Centella Asiatica, in rats subjected to experimental colitis.

Results: Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS). CA1 was administered daily orally (0.2 or 2 mg/kg). Four days after DNBS administration, treatment with CA1 significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhoea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a significant reduction in colonic MPO activity. CA1 also reduced NF-κB activation, the pro-inflammatory cytokines release, the appearance of I-NOS, nitrotyrosine, PARP and proMMP-9 and -2 activity in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-Selectin.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that administration of CA1 may be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.     

旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水与产量构成因素的关系

为探索旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水、增产技术途径,于2011—2012年在山西省闻喜县进行了前茬小麦收获后30 d或60 d深翻后进行地面全覆盖、半覆盖、不覆盖的大田试验,研究休闲期覆盖时间和覆盖方式对土壤水分和小麦产量形成的影响。结果表明:休闲期覆盖后,播种-孕穗期土壤蓄水量显著提高,尤其播种期140~200 cm,越冬期和返青期160~300 cm,拔节期80~160 cm,孕穗期0~120 cm、200~300 cm土层效果明显,且以前茬小麦收获后30 d采用全覆盖效果较好;覆盖后,越冬-孕穗期群体分蘖数增加,成熟期植株干物质量显著提高,穗数显著提高(3%~14%),产量显著提高(171~815 kg·hm-2);全覆盖处理成穗率、经济系数、产量及其构成因素均高于半覆盖,且以麦收后30 d覆盖效果较好;播种期土壤水分与穗数、穗粒数和产量关系密切,尤其是深层土壤水分,且直至孕穗期200~300 cm土壤水分与干物质量、穗数和产量关系仍密切;休闲期提早覆盖有利于蓄保休闲期降水于深层,且至孕穗期300 cm深处土壤水分仍有提高;有利于构建合理群体,主要通过提高穗数实现增产,且以全覆盖效果最好。     

Infiltration of myeloid cells into decidua is a critical early event in the labour cascade and post‐partum uterine remodelling

Leucocyte infiltration in the decidua (maternal–foetal interface) before, during and after term (TL) and preterm labour (PTL) was studied in mouse. We also investigated the mechanism of peripheral leucocyte recruitment into decidua by analysing the tissue cytokine profiles. Decidual tissues were collected during late gestation, TL and post‐partum (PP). PTL was initiated on gestational day 15 by intrauterine injection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 125 μg) or progesterone signalling antagonism by RU486. Animals were killed during PTL or PP. Decidua basalis was analysed using FACS and immunohistochemistry. Markers of myeloid cell differentiation (Gr1, Ly6G, Neu7/4, F4/80) were assessed to define tissue monocytes (M), neutrophils (N) and macrophages (Macs). Flow cytometry revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in decidual Macs prior to TL; M and N numbers increased during TL and further increased during PP, which correlated with immunohistochemistry data. Massive influx of N, but not Macs and M, was detected by FACS during LPS‐PTL (P < 0.05) but not RU486‐PTL. Highest levels of N infiltration into the decidua occurred PP in both LPS and RU486 groups. Decidual infiltration during TL and RU486‐PTL was accompanied by an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL1b and IL6) and CCL2 chemokine; LPS‐PTL showed increases in multiple cytokines. PP period following TL and PTL was associated with further up‐regulation of multiple cytokines/chemokines (P < 0.05). Our data suggest a programme of myeloid cells involvement in parturition with the pre‐partum influx of Macs into the decidua contributing to the progression of labour, whereas the later influx of M and N contribute to PP decidual involution.     

Method for the Prfservation of Polystyrene Latex Beads in Tissue Sections

The degree of infiltration of epoxy resin into pituitary secretory granules was evaluated using X-ray microanalysis of the concentrations of chlorine in the epoxy resins. The effectiveness of infiltration was tested after three different tissue preparation techniques: cryofixation + freeze-drying (CF-FD), glutaraldehyde fixation (GF) + chemical dehydration, and no fixation— no dehydration. Signs of marked incomplete infiltration were found in embedded unfixed tissue while the other two techniques showed 80% infiltration. Uneven penetration was seen after CF-FD and GF. The plastic surface demonstrated a mountain-like appearance over the secretory granules after immunocytochemistry of the glutaraldehyde fixed tissue, whereas the CF-FD tissue showed a less furrowed surface. This probably is due to contact with water, which swells those parts of the granules that are unprotected by the plastic embedding medium. Our findings may explain why it is possible to perform immunocytochemistry on Epon embedded tissue.     

Identification of PSMD7 as a prognostic factor correlated with immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Recurrent locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with dismal prognosis because of its highly invasive behavior and resistance to conventional intensive chemotherapy. The identification of effective markers for early diagnosis and prognosis is important for reducing mortality and ensuring that therapy for HNSCC is effective. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7) is an ATP-independent component of the 19S regulatory subunit. The prognostic value of PSMD7 and the association with immune infiltration in HNSCC remains unclear.Methods: The Sangerbox, Oncomine, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases were used to examine PSMD7 expression profiles in HNSCC. The CVCDAP was used to analysis the association of PSMD7 with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. The mechanism was investigated with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The association between expression of PSMD7 and immune infiltration in HNSCC was investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), TISIDB database and CIBERSORT algorithm.Results: PSMD7 expression was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC compared with relative normal tissues. In addition, up-regulated PSMD7 expression was associated with various clinicopathological parameters. High expression of PSMD7 suggested inferior survival of HNSCC patients. GSEA and CERES score indicated that PSMD7 was closely correlated with tumor-related signaling pathways and cell survival. Functional analyses revealed that PSMD7 was positively correlated with various infiltration levels. Moreover, PSMD7 influenced the prognosis of HNSCC patients partially via immune infiltration.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PSMD7 is associated poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC and plays an important role in tumor-related immune infiltration.     

Correlation of zinc finger protein 2, a prognostic biomarker,with immune infiltrates in liver cancer

Purpose: The expression and clinical value of zinc finger protein 2 gene (ZIC2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed by mining gene information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.Methods: Gene chip data sets were retrieved from GEO and TCGA and screened for differentially expressed genes in HCC. Gene expression profile interaction analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival and prognosis in patients with HCC. Moreover, the Genecards database was used to extract ZIC2-related proteins and to analyze the physiological process of protein enrichment. Furthermore, the relationships between ZIC2 gene and tumor cell immune invasion and that between immune cell infiltration and the 5-year survival rate were studied using the tumor immune evaluation resource (TIMER) database.Results: Datasets from GEO and TCGA revealed that ZIC2 was differentially expressed in HCC tissues and normal tissues (P<0.05). High ZIC2 expression was associated with overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival in HCC patients. Overall, 25 ZIC2 related proteins, including Gli3, PRKDC, and rnf180 were identified and protein enrichment analysis indicated these were associated with four types of cell components, six types of cell functions, and eight types of biological processes. ZIC2 was positively correlated with immune infiltration cells in patients with HCC, and higher expression of ZIC2 mRNA CD4+T cells is associated with a better 5-year survival.Conclusion: ZIC2 gene may be used as an immune response marker in liver cancer to predict the prognosis of HCC.     

原油污染对黄绵土和风沙土水分入渗的影响

原油进入土壤后会堵塞土壤孔隙,影响土壤斥水性,改变土壤水分运动状况。本研究利用土柱模拟的方法,研究了不同原油污染程度(0、0.5%、1%、2%、4%)对黄绵土和风沙土水分入渗过程的影响。结果表明: 随着原油含量的增加,两种土壤湿润锋的推进速度和入渗速率均减小,土壤原油污染程度为4%时湿润锋运移到土柱底部的所需时间最长,污染程度为0时湿润锋运移到土柱底部的所需时间最短,黄绵土湿润锋达到土柱底部所需最长时间是最短时间的5倍,风沙土最长时间是最短时间的48倍;当湿润锋运移到土柱底部时,黄绵土的累积入渗量随原油含量的增加而减小,而风沙土的累积入渗量先增大后减小;在高浓度(2%、4%)原油处理下,风沙土的累积入渗量曲线出现“翘尾”现象。Kostiakov入渗模型和Philip入渗模型比Green-Ampt模型能更好地模拟不同原油处理下的黄绵土土壤水分入渗过程,但对风沙土而言,两种模型对低浓度(0、0.5%、1%)原油处理的土壤水分入渗过程拟合较好。原油污染能够显著影响土壤水分入渗过程,且对风沙土的影响更大。     

喀斯特坡面生物结皮发育特征及其对土壤水分入渗的影响

作为地表植被恢复的先锋种群和景观的重要组成部分,生物土壤结皮(BSCs)对地表过程具有重要影响。为探明喀斯特地区BSCs发育特征及其对土壤水分入渗的影响,本研究选取喀斯特代表性坡面开展了BSCs实地调查和人工模拟降雨试验,探究了BSCs覆盖土壤的水分入渗过程,试验设计了5个BSCs盖度水平(0、28%、40%、70%、97%)和2个雨强(42和132 mm·h^-1)。结果表明: 在不同土地利用条件下,BSCs发育水平存在显著差异,但在同一土地利用条件下,BSCs发育水平沿坡面的空间变化规律不明显。与裸地相比,地表发育BSCs可使地表粗糙度增大,显著延长初始产流时间,促进土壤水分入渗。在小雨(42 mm·h^-1)和强降雨(132 mm·h^-1)下,BSCs覆盖小区初渗速率分别为裸地小区的1.7～1.9和1.2～1.9倍,平均入渗速率分别为裸地小区的2.5～3.0和1.4～3.3倍。在试验雨强下,BSCs盖度与初始产流时间均呈显著正相关,BSCs促进水分入渗的临界盖度为65%～70%,在强降雨条件下,BSCs对地表径流的阻滞作用有所削弱。Horton模型对喀斯特坡面BSCs覆盖下土壤水分入渗过程模拟结果最优,其次为Kostiakov模型和Philip模型。综上,喀斯特坡面BSCs发育的空间变异程度高,对水分入渗过程影响显著。