Comparison between two low profile attachments for implant mandibular overdentures

ObjectiveIn this research it was aimed to evaluate stress distribution on the implants supporting a complete overdenture in addition to compare between two different types of low-profile attachments for implant-retained mandibular overdenture with two techniques (with/without using connecting bar).Materials and methodsTwo 3D finite element models were constructed simulating supported lower complete overdenture with two implants and with two implants and bar. Where, models components were modeled in 3D on commercial general purpose CAD/CAM software. Four runs were carried out, two runs on each model, as linear static analysis.ResultsUsing bar is generally preferred for mucosa and cortical bone, while its effect can be considered as negligible on overdenture. On the other hand, it slightly increases the stresses on spongy bone. Using bar ensures the same level of energy transfer to the spongy bone and increases its maximum Von Mises stresses by about 50%. In addition, increase in maximum Von Mises stress was noticed by about 1% on cortical bone.ConclusionUsing bar is not recommended for patients with flat ridge.     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococci causing breast peri-implant infections in oncologic patients

Background

Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus have been identified as the most common bacteria responsible for sub-clinical and overt breast implant infections and their ability to form biofilm on the implant as been reported as the essential factor in the development of this type of infections. Biofilm formation is a complex process with the participation of several distinct molecules, whose relative importance in different clinical settings has not yet been fully elucidated. To our knowledge this is the first study aimed at characterizing isolates causing breast peri-implant infections.

Results

Thirteen S. aureus and seven S. epidermidis causing breast peri-implant infections were studied.Using the broth microdilution method and the E-test, the majority of the strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Methicillin resistance was detected in two S. epidermidis. All strains had different RAPD profiles and were able to produce biofilms in microtitre plate assays but, while all S. aureus carried and were able to express icaA and icaD genes, this was only true for one S. epidermidis. Biofilm development was glucose- and NaCl-induced (5 S. aureus and 1 S. epidermidis) or glucose-induced (the remaining strains). Proteinase K and sodium metaperiodate treatment had different effects on biofilms dispersion revealing that the strains studied were able to produce chemically different types of extracellular matrix mediating biofilm formation.All S. aureus strains harboured and expressed the atlA, clfA, FnA, eno and cna genes and the majority also carried and expressed the sasG (10/13), ebpS (10/13) genes.All S. epidermidis strains harboured and expressed the atlE, aae, embp genes, and the majority (six strains) also carried and expressed the fbe, aap genes.Genes for S. aureus capsular types 5 and 8 were almost equally distributed. The only leukotoxin genes detected were lukE/lukD (6/13).

Conclusions

S. aureus and S. epidermidis breast peri-implant infections are caused by heterogeneous strains with different biofilm development mechanisms.Since the collagen adhesin (cna) gene is not ubiquitously distributed among S. aureus, this protein could have an important role in the cause of breast peri-implant infections.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0368-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Influence of gait loads on implant integration in rat tibiae: Experimental and numerical analysis

Implanted rat bones play a key role in studies involving fracture healing, bone diseases or drugs delivery among other themes. In most of these studies the implants integration also depends on the animal daily activity and musculoskeletal loads, which affect the implants mechanical environment. However, the tissue adaption to the physiological loads is often filtered through control groups or not inspected. This work aims to investigate experimentally and numerically the effects of the daily activity on the integration of implants inserted in the rat tibia, and to establish a physiological loading condition to analyse the peri-implant bone stresses during gait. Two titanium implants, single and double cortex crossing, are inserted in the rat tibia. The animals are caged under standard conditions and divided in three groups undergoing progressive integration periods. The results highlight a time-dependent increase of bone samples with significant cortical bone loss. The phenomenon is analysed through specimen-specific Finite Element models involving purpose-built musculoskeletal loads. Different boundary conditions replicating the post-surgery bone–implant interaction are adopted. The effects of the gait loads on the implants integration are quantified and agree with the results of the experiments. The observed cortical bone loss can be considered as a transient state of integration due to bone disuse atrophy, initially triggered by a loss of bone–implant adhesion and subsequently by a cyclic opening of the interface.     

种植体稳定系数测定与种植体负重时机选择

目的:通过测量ITI和Osstem-SS种植系统的稳定系数(ISQ),评价这两种种植体的骨结合情况,为临床确定其上部结构修复时机提供依据。方法:93例牙列缺损患者共植入179颗种植体,根据患者种植区骨量情况分为两组,其中A组为种植区骨量良好,不需骨增量手术病例(62例);B组为种植区骨量不足,需进行骨增量手术病例(31例)。A组共植入125颗种植体,其中ITI种植系统64颗,OSSTEM-SS种植系统61颗;B组共植入54颗种植体,其中ITI种植系统28颗,OSSTEM-SS种植系统26颗。术后即刻及第4、6、8、12、16、24周分别测量各时期种植体稳定系数(ISQ),并同期进行临床和影像学检查。结果:A组中ITI种植系统术后8周ISQ值平均(74.17±1.85),进行负重;OSSTEM-SS种植系统术后12周ISQ值平均(72.00±2.59),进行负重。B组中ITI种植系统术后16周ISQ值平均(65.09±3.42),进行负重;OSSTEM-SS种植系统术后24周ISQ值平均(62.09±6.16),进行负重。负重后临床随访3-24个月所有病例均成功,咀嚼功能良好,患者满意。结论:种植体稳定系数(ISQ)能反应种植体骨结合情况,可以协助医生选择种植后合适的冠修复时机。     

口腔种植的新型钛材料生物安全性研究

目的:在动物体内进行新型钛材料的生物安全性研究。方法:采用TAI纯钛板材(Ti≥99.9%,宝鸡英耐特有色金属有限公司),通过对钛材料的喷砂、酸蚀、碱热等处理后,构建微纳双级骨仿生结构。对处理材料进行扫描电镜观察后,再经过兔皮下实验、小鼠急性溶血性实验确定此种材料的体内安全性。结果:1.扫描电镜结果显示:经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组具有微纳复合结构,与骨组织表面形态更为接近,从仿生学出发,更利于骨组织愈合与抑制骨组织周围炎的发生。2.皮下植入实验结果:经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组与只经过喷砂酸蚀的对照组对生物组织无明显刺激,未见明显的周围组织炎。3.急性毒性实验:未见经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组与只经过喷砂酸蚀的对照组出现明显的生物学反应,未见明显体重下降。结论:新型表面处理钛材料在生物安全性的动物体外实验方面无异常,可以进行下一步实验。     

Design of Orthopedic Plates and Its Modification Based on Feature

To quickly construct the orthopedic plates and to conveniently edit it, a novel method for designing the plates is put forward based on feature idea and parameterization. Firstly, attached to the existing or repaired bone model, the region of interest (ROI) is selected as the abutted surface of orthopedic plate, and the ROI is reconstructed to form a CAD surface. Secondly, the CAD surface is to be defined as a surface feature (SF) and then some semantic parameters are configured for it. Lastly, the plate body is constructed through thickening, and some higher parameters are defined for it so as to produce a volumetric feature (VF). In the above process, there exist two main problems: one is parameterization of the abutted surface, and the other is construction of the outer surface. Besides, the mapping relationship has to be built between surface feature parameters and volumetric feature parameters. This method supports the modification of high-level parameters, consequently promoting the quality and efficiency of orthopedic plate design.     

口腔种植材料表面特性与生物膜形成研究进展

人类口腔环境为微生物提供了适宜生存的条件,多种微生物在牙齿表面形成了由基质包裹相互粘附的口腔生物膜,口腔生物膜是口腔微生物生存、代谢和致病的基础。随着1965年Brnemark种植体在临床上的成功应用,种植相关材料周围致病菌导致的种植体周围炎成为种植修复最常见的并发症之一,影响种植修复的远期效果。种植体周围炎引起了许多关注,并且口腔种植材料表面的特性和口腔生物膜的形成密切相关。本文就种植材料及天然牙齿表面的生物膜形成、种植材料表面特性对口腔生物膜及细菌粘附的影响因素、增强种植材料抗菌性能的方法以及未来的研究方向等作一综述。     

Field techniques for handling,anaesthetising and fitting radio-transmitters to Eurasian otters (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutra lutra</Emphasis>)

Practical issues for radio-tracking studies of otters (Lutra lutra) include their sensitivity to stress, their sensitivity to certain anaesthetic regimes and their unsuitability for standard collar mounted radio-transmitters. We examined the practicability of various field techniques for overcoming these issues in east and south east Ireland from April 2005 to July 2006. Thirty-four highly-stressed otters were restrained with ketamine and midazolam within minutes of capture, to fit externally-mounted transmitters or to transfer them to transport boxes. Eleven otters were fitted with harness mounted radio-transmitters, 2 were fitted with glued-on radio-transmitters and 15 were surgically implanted with intra-abdominal radio-transmitters in the field. The intra-abdominal transmitters were implanted under isoflurane anaesthesia within an hour of initial sedation. We experienced no complications with this anaesthetic regime. The abdominal cavity was accessed by a lateral approach. All surgeries were successful and we recorded no serious post-operative complications. The implantation procedure lasted less than 3 hours from capture to release such that almost all animals stayed within their territories, and pups were not abandoned. However, following their release, animals were sensitive to directed disturbance and could easily be forced to disperse.     

不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床对比研究

目的:探讨不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床疗效。方法:选择我科2010年2月~2013年2月四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者38例,按照随机数表法将38例患者随机分为两组,分别为LC-DCP组以及LCP组,每组各19例,观察两组患者的平均手术持续时间、骨折临床愈合时间、X线骨痂评分以及并发症。结果:LC-DCP组平均手术持续时间为(134.73±12.91)min,LCP组为(129.54±14.87)min,两组比较不存在统计学差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者平均骨折临床愈合时间为(3.94±0.83)月,LCP组为(3.81±0.69)月,两组间不存在统计学显著性差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者X线骨痂评价标准平均评分值为(2.73±0.51)分,LCP组为(2.86±0.49)分,两组间差异不存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种钢板联合植骨治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连均能够取得良好的治疗效果,均可以作为治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者的有效方法。