家山黧豆及其毒素ODAP的研究

家山黧豆作为人类的食物及动物的饲料,最早可追溯到新石器时代。长期以来,因其营养丰富,具有耐旱、耐寒等优良生产性状,广受世界各地的青睐。特别是在大旱年份,在其它粮食作物绝收的情况下,仍有较好的收成,因此,被视为干旱及半干旱地区首选的优良作物。但由于其含有毒素β-ODAP,使山黧豆的种植受到限制。近年来,由于人类对肉质品的量与质的多元化的需求,家山黧豆这一潜在的、丰产的、高营养的豆科作物,已引起各国学者的广泛关注。从家山黧豆在植物学、遗传学、分子生物学、生态学、营养学、山黧豆中毒、毒理学、毒素ODAP、ODAP的分析方法、ODAP的生物合成途径、养殖业等几个方面的研究进展作了简要综述。     

铁仔属一新变种

本文发表了铁仔属一新变种, 即腺毛铁仔Myrsine africana Linn. var. glandulosaJ. M. Zhang, var. nov.     

A Study on the Genus Indigofera Linn. from China

The genus Indigofera Linn. is one of the largest genera of papilionatae of Leguminosae. It comprises 700 species in the world, of which 80 species and 8 varieties occur in China. It was established by C. Linnaeus in 1752 and had been studied by J. Desvaux (1813), A. P. De Candolle (1825), G. Bentham ex Harvey (1862), G. Bentham et J. D. Hooker (1865), P. Taubert. (1894), P. Ch. Tisseraut (1913), and B. Gillett (1958) etc. In the present paper, the taxonomic history is reviewed and the evolutionary trends of some important morphological characters are discussed. According to the plant habit, characteristics of leaves, shape of fruits and the number of seeds per fruit, Indigofera Linn. from China are divided into 3 subgenera: Subg. I. Indigofera, Subg. II. Sphaeridiophors Desv., Subg. III. Acanthonotus (Benth.) Benth. et Hook. f., in Subg. Indigofera, 14 subsections are reported. A systematic key to the species is given.     

檀香小G蛋白Rac1基因的克隆与功能分析

植物Rac蛋白属于小分子G蛋白ROP家族,广泛参与活性氧(ROS)产生、激素信号转导和组织形态建成.檀香(Santalum album Linn.)是著名的珍贵树种,为半寄生植物,其正常生长需要根部特化的吸器从其他寄主植物摄取营养物质.该研究基于全长转录组数据,采用RT-PCR方法克隆得到了1个檀香Rac基因,命名为S...     

八角属一新种

<正> 闽皖八角 新种 图 Illicium minwanense B. N. Chang et S. D. Zhang, sp. nov., fig. Species proximum Ⅰ. jiadifengpi B. N. Chang, quod fiffert staminibus 28—32, segmentis perianthii 34—55; simile Ⅰ. angustisepalo A. C. Smith, quod distant staminibus 24, segmentis perianthii 22—24. Arbor sempervirens 7—11 m alta, cortice cinereo vel brunneo-atro. Folia tenuiter coriacea vel coriacea, alterna, saepe ad nodos vel apicem ramulorum congesta, longe elliptica vel elliptica, 8—16 cm longa, 2.5—4.5cm lata, apice     

Anti-inflammatory activity of a new triterpenoid saponin from carthamus tinctorius linn

A new bioactive triterpenoid saponin 3β-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1 → 3)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl]-lup-12-ene-28 oic acid-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester compound (A), was isolated from the methanolic fraction of the roots of this plant by various colour reactions, chemical degradations and spectral analysis. Compound (A) showed anti-inflammatory activity.     

Psidium guajava Linn leaf ethanolic extract: In vivo giardicidal potential with ultrastructural damage,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

Introduction and aimConsidering the magnitude of giardiasis problem, the side-effects of the used anti-giardia drugs and the resistance posed against them, the current study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo giardicidal effect of Psidium guajava leaf extract (PGLE).MethodsFor fulfilling this aim, five Swiss-albino mice groups were included; GI: non-infected, GII: Giardia-infected and non-treated, GIII: Giardia-infected and metronidazole-treated, GIV: Giardia-infected and PGLE-treated, and GV: Giardia-infected and treated with both metronidazole and PGLE. Treatment efficacy was assessed via; Giardia cyst viability and trophozoite count, trophozoite electron microscopic ultrastructure, duodenal histopathological scoring, immunohistochemistry for TNF-α and duodenal scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, mice serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin, albumin, lipid profile including; total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were assessed. Additionally, hepatic oxidative stress markers including; malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.ResultsResults showed that PGLE whether alone or combined with metronidazole has induced significant trophozoite count reduction and major architectural changes. Duodenal histological improvement, and local protective anti-inflammatory effect were confirmed. PGLE has also helped in healing of Giardia-induced gut atrophy. Thus, offered a comprehensive therapy for both the pathogen and the resultant pathological sequalae. Serum markers showed favorable hepatoprotective effect. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides levels were less in PGLE-treated group than in metronidazole-treated group. Hepatic oxidative stress markers revealed the promising extract antioxidant effect. This study highlights, the promising in-vivo giardicidal PGLE activity, that was comparable to metronidazole, thus, the extract would be an ideal strongly recommended treatment for giardiasis. When combined with metronidazole, the extract potentiated its therapeutic effect. Besides, having hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, the extract can combat the major side effects of metronidazole therapy.     

笃斯越桔耐弱碱突变体的离体筛选与鉴定

以笃斯越桔组培苗为试验材料,建立了EMS诱变体系,采用EMS诱变与NaHCO3共同胁迫处理的方法,筛选耐弱碱候选突变体,并进行了相关生理指标的鉴定,以明确其突变体株系的耐弱碱能力。结果显示:(1)0.4%EMS浸泡笃斯越桔茎段4h为较适宜的诱变剂量,存活率达46.7%;在含0.1%EMS的培养基中处理3d,存活率达50.0%;EMS浸泡处理后,NaHCO3适宜剂量为8mmol·L-1,经3次交替培养后,筛选出2株候选耐弱碱突变体。(2)相关生理指标鉴定表明,2株候选突变体的SOD和POD活性及游离脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,MDA含量显著低于对照。研究表明,该研究获得的笃斯越桔候选突变体具有一定的耐弱碱能力。     

茶树CsDREB-A1转录因子基因的克隆及其特性分析

基于茶树品种‘迎霜’（Camellia sinensis‘Yingshuang’）的转录组数据,采用PCR方法从其基因组DNA中克隆获得编码DREB转录因子的CsDREB-A1基因。结果显示：该基因的开放阅读框（ORF）长度为585 bp,编码194个氨基酸,该氨基酸序列即为CsDREB-A1转录因子。CsDREB-A1转录因子的N端含有AP2/ERF家族转录因子典型的AP2 DNA保守结合结构域,其中包含保守的YRG元件和WLG基序,且其第14位和第19位分别为缬氨酸和谷氨酸,该结构域的上、下游分别有PKK/RPAGRx KFx ETRHP和DSAW特征序列。通过进化分析可知CsDREB-A1转录因子属于AP2/ERF家族中DREB亚族的A1组,其与茶树CBF转录因子的相似性较高,与拟南芥〔Arabidopsis thaliana（Linn.）Heynh.〕等植物的DREB类转录因子也有较高的相似性。CsDREB-A1转录因子为亲水性蛋白,理论相对分子质量为21 165.4,理论等电点为p I 9.56,碱性、酸性、芳香族和脂肪族氨基酸比例分别为18%、10%、6%和18%;该转录因子只有1个包含53个氨基酸的无序化区域,且大部分无序化氨基酸位于AP2DNA保守结合结构域内,无序化氨基酸的比例为27.32%;在CsDREB-A1转录因子的三级结构中,N端有1个α螺旋、C端有3个β折叠。研究结果显示：CsDREB-A1转录因子可能与茶树的抗寒性相关。