福建东山岛海域斑鰶生态的研究

本文研究了福建东山岛附近海域斑生物量、密度的分布及其季节变化;生长和死亡特点;摄食和生殖习性。其平均月生物量为２２２．１ｋｇ／ｋｍ２,占游泳生物月总生物量的２７．２２％,成为优势种;生物量和密度冬季最高,分别为５２４．９ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和９３３２尾／ｋｍ２,比最低的春季高２２．７７倍和８６．２１倍。分布区域性差异明显,东山湾内高达４３８．２ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和７４０５尾／ｋｍ２,比湾外高７７．７１倍和６８．３８倍;渔获由０～Ⅳ龄组构成,ｌ龄组为优势,叉长分布范围为１１１～２２３ｍｍ,以１４１～１６０ｍｍ组为优势;食料以硅藻类的菱形藻、海线藻、圆筛藻、直链藻和骨条藻的数量最多,并大量摄食有机碎屑;初次性成熟的最小年龄为１龄．最小叉长雌性为１４６ｍｍ,雄性１４０ｍｍ。雌雄性均在１５１～１７０ｍｍ组成熟,生殖期在冬季至初春;生长参数为Ｌ∞＝２４６．３７ｍｍ,Ｗ∞＝１８２．６５ｇ,ｋ＝０．４３０３,ｔｏ＝－０．８６４９,体重生长拐点年龄人ｔｒ＝１．６０１７龄;瞬时总死亡率为１．２０１６。关键词     

松毛虫的杂交遗传试验

本文报道了马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker和油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabwlaeformis Tsai et Liu杂交遗传试验的部分结果.研究表明,不论从食性、形态特征、混合配对和单个配对试验的结果来看,油松毛虫和马尾松毛虫应为同一物种.其形态学特征,尤其是外生殖器解剖构造的差异,并未反映出种的特性和种间的生殖隔离.油松毛虫与马尾松毛虫杂交,无论正交或反交,都能产生有生育力的F₁代,F₁代自交产生F₂代,F₂代自交产生F₃代.但考虑到油松毛虫在我国的分布与油松的分布大体相一致,它与马尾松毛虫在形态学和生态学等方面多少存在着一些差异,因此可认为它是马尾松毛虫的一个亚种,可称为Dendrallmua punctatus tabulaeformis(Tsai et Liu).     

An electron microscope study of intrusions into alarm substance cells of the channel catfish

Thin and ultrathin sections of the epidermis of two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were studied in light and electron microscopes, respectively, to learn more about intrusions of entire other cell types into alarm substance cells, first noted in 1981. Several degrees of intrusion and several stages in the process of total intrusion are described: microvillus-like projections, pseudopod-like projections, telophase-stage projections, total cell intrusion. In addition, several different cell types intrude: lymphocyte-like cells, general epidermal cells, virus-infected cells and other alarm substance cells. These findings indicate that the alarm substance cell is extraordinarily subject to invasion by other cell types. They suggest that its plasma membrane may have been modified so as to be somewhat less effective in preserving cell integrity (and thus more easily release its alarm pheromone on injury) than is the case with most other cell types or that the alarm substance acts as an attractant for other epidermal cells.     

Peptide mapping of the epitope on target cells recognized by nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) from channel catfish

Nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) may comprise an important effector population specific for recognition of aberrant (tumour) cells, regulation of cell interactions including antibacterial action and lysis of protozoan parasites. In the present study, peptides were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of a novel protein (Natural Killer cell Target Antigen, NK Tag) found on the protozoan parasite Tetrahymena pyriformis and on NCC-sensitive tumour target cells. Partially purified NK Tag was obtained from Tetrahymena. It inhibited NCC lysis of a large variety of mammalian tumour target cells. Synthetic peptides composed of short 20 mer sequences obtained from the N-terminal and midregion portions of NK Tag were tested for their ability to inhibit NCC cytotoxicity. Synthetic peptide comprised of aa # 55-74 significantly inhibited NCC lysis of IM-9 target cells. A monoclonal antibody generated against an N-terminal dodecapeptide of NK Tag bound to Tetrahymena and to several mammalian NK-sensitive target cells including K562, YAC-1, U937, NC-37, EL-4, IM-9, HL-60 and MOLT-4. NK Tag sequence comparisons using Swisspro database revealed no significant homologies except in a restricted domain region of several glycolytic pathway enzymes. A supergene family relationship was indicated because of these similarities.     

斑点叉尾GHRH基因3个SNPs位点及其单倍型组合与生长性状的关联分析

研究旨在探讨生长激素释放激素基因（Growth hormone-releasing hormone,GHRH）对斑点叉尾鲖（Ictalurus punctatus）生长性状的影响。采用DNA混池测序法筛选GHRH基因的单核苷酸多态性（Singlenucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）位点,使用SNaPshot法将筛选到的SNPs多态性位点进行分型,并对这些位点进行连锁不平衡和单倍型分析。结果表明,在GHRH基因内含子区域共检测到4个SNPs位点,并成功地对3个位点进行了分型,3个位点间均不存在强连锁不平衡;3个SNPs位点在176尾斑点叉尾鲖中形成了6种有效单倍型。关联分析表明SNP位点g.6301 GA的AA基因型的体质量显著性地高于AG和GG型（P0.05）,比群体的平均体质量高14%。单倍型组合H1/H4和H1/H5个体的体质量和体长极显著性地高于其他单倍型组合（P0.01）,体质量比群体平均体质量分别高30%和15%,体长比群体平均体长分别高7%和6%。研究为斑点叉尾鲖生长性状分子标记辅助选育和QTL定位提供了参考依据。     

马尾松毛虫对马尾松和湿地松的选择与适应研究

用马尾松老叶、新叶,湿地松老叶、新叶,当年生马尾松新叶、湿地松新叶和当年生以20％和40％β-蒎烯处理过的马尾松新叶作食料饲养马尾松毛虫。结果表明：马尾松毛虫幼虫在第1代发生期取食马尾松老叶、马尾松新叶、湿地松老叶和湿地松新叶等4种不同质量的食料后,因其食料中10种必需氨基酸含量和挥发性物质β-蒎烯含量的不同,导致幼虫的存活率差异显著。其中,取食马尾松老叶的幼虫成活率最高（44％）,依次为马尾松新叶（32.7％）、湿地松老叶（4％）,而取食湿地松新叶的幼虫全部死亡。通过马尾松针叶增加外援β-蒎烯喂养马尾松毛虫实验,表明增加了外源β-蒎烯的松针饲养的马尾松毛虫幼虫与用同样松针未增加外源β-蒎烯饲养的幼虫相比,死亡率明显提高;松树中β-蒎烯含量的增加与幼虫成活率呈显著负相关。由此,我们阐明了马尾松与湿地松对马尾松毛虫的抗虫机制。     

影响DpCPV杀虫剂高产条件的研究

DpCPV杀虫剂的产量不仅受到气候、环境等因素的影响,而且严重受到生产工艺技术水平的制约。针对DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中工艺技术问题,我们对马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒湖南株在室内、室外和林间大量增殖中的集虫虫质、接种浓度、频率、收获时间等及其相互间的关系进行了详细研究,得出在DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中接种1×10~7CPB/mL病毒浓度为宜,接种虫龄以4～5龄虫为宜,收获病毒时间13～14d为宜。其室外单虫病毒产量平均可达到7.5×10~8CPB,比国内报道要高。研究结果对DpCPV杀虫剂的高产增殖有很强的指导意义。     

马尾松毛虫CPV基因组第5片段的cDNA克隆及其序列分析

通过差速离心从感染的马尾松毛虫幼虫虫体中提取质型多角体病毒。碱解法提纯病毒粒子,1％琼脂糖凝胶分离基因组dsRNA,回收纯化第五片段(S5)。根据同源性设计五对引物,经RT-PCR,最终获得五个亚克隆片断,测序拼接后,得到S5全长。片断全长2851个核苷酸,包括一个2643个核苷酸的开放阅读框。推测DpCPVS5基因编码了881个氨基酸长的多肽,分子量为100．3kDa,与舞毒蛾质型多角体病毒(LACPV—1)和家蚕质型多角体病毒(BmCPV)比较,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性都很高。进一步分析,利用几种CPV序列绘制了系统进化树,对病毒的分类和进化做了探讨研究。     

马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

通过对马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒的增殖、纯化,获得一株单一类型的质型多角体病毒。提纯的病毒粒子经SDS－酚抽提,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离基因组dsRNDA,回收纯化第十片段S10。S10经DMSO变性,逆转录合成cDNA第一链,PCR扩增后,克隆在pGEM-T载体上,对重组子进行限制性内切酶分析及序列测定。结果表明,克隆片段全长763bp,起始密码AUG位于3－5残基,终止密码UGA位于747－749残基。推测DpCPV多角体蛋白基因编码248个氨基酸的多肽,分子量28kD。和家蚕质型多角体病毒（BmCPV）多角体蛋白基因相比较,核苷酸和编码氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.3%和97.6%。     

Molecular and Immunologic Characterization of Gynogenetic Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Second-generation gynogenetic channel catfish were characterized by molecular and immunologic assays to determine if they were isogenic at major histocompatibility complex loci. Southern blot analyses, using channel catfish MHC class II B and class I A gene probes, revealed identical banding patterns among second-generation gynogenetic fish. In contrast, banding patterns from outbred fish differed not only from gynogenetic animals, but also among themselves. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the MHC class II β₁ domain, which encompasses the peptide binding region, from four randomly selected gynogenetic fish showed a single DNA sequence. In contrast, analysis of the same region from three outbred fish showed sequences that differed not only among themselves, but also from those of gynogenetic animals. In cytotoxic assays, peripheral blood leukocytes from outbred fish lysed both gynogenetic and allogeneic targets, whereas those from gynogenetic fish lysed only allogeneic targets. Taken together, these results suggest that this group of second-generation gynogenetic channel catfish is isogenic at MHC loci and may provide an excellent system with which to study cell-mediated immunity in teleosts. Received September 11, 1998; accepted January 14, 1999