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51.
The interaction of extreme temperature events with future atmospheric CO2 concentrations may have strong impacts on physiological performance of desert shrub seedlings, which during the critical establishment phase often endure temperature extremes in conjunction with pronounced drought. To evaluate the interaction of drought and CO2 on photosynthesis during heat stress, one-year-old Larrea tridentata[DC] Cov. seedlings were exposed to nine days of heat with midday air temperature maxima reaching 53 °C under three atmospheric CO2 concentrations (360, 550 and 700 mol mol–1) and two water regimes (well-watered and droughted). Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water potential responses were measured prior to, during and one week following the high temperature stress event. Heat stress markedly decreased net photosynthetic rate (A net), stomatal conductance (g s), and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v/F m) in all plants except for well-watered L. tridentata grown in 700 mol mol–1 CO2. A net and g s remained similar to pre-stress levels in these plants. In droughted L. tridentata, A net was ca. 2× (in 550 mol mol–1 CO2) to 3× (in 700 mol mol–1 CO2) higher than in ambient-CO2-grown plants, while g s and F v/F m were similar and low in all CO2 treatments. Following heat stress, g s in all well-watered plants rose dramatically, exceeding pre-stress levels by up to 100%. In droughted plants, g s and A net rose only in plants grown at elevated CO2 following release from heat. This recovery response was strongest at 700 mol mol–1 CO2, which returned to A net and g s values similar to pre-heat following several days of recovery. Extreme heat diminished the photosynthetic down-regulation response to growth at elevated CO2 under well-watered conditions, similar to the action of drought. Ambient-CO2-grown L. tridentata did not show significant recovery of photosynthetic capacity (A \max and CE) after alleviation of temperature stress, especially when exposed to drought, while plants exposed to elevated CO2 appeared to be unaffected. These findings suggest that elevated CO2 could promote photosynthetic activity during critical periods of seedling establishment, and enhance the potential for L. tridentata to survive extreme high temperature events.  相似文献   
52.
目的 探讨高盐预处理的幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 方法 将30%高盐预处理前后的胃癌来源的H.pylori菌株(4854)灌胃蒙古沙土鼠(MGs),在灌胃后13、26和73周解剖动物,通过组织病理学检查、免疫组化染色和黏膜厚度测量,探讨高盐预处理的H.pylori对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 结果 与未加盐预处理的相应菌株相比,高盐预处理组小鼠的慢性炎症、黏膜变性/坏死、腺体萎缩伴肠上皮化生的发生率较低,黏膜糜烂/溃疡和黏膜上皮增生的发生率较高,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.325 6,P=0.040 8)。第73周,高盐预处理4854菌株组胃体和胃窦黏膜增生显著高于未加盐预处理组(t=12.802 4,P=0.035 1;t=16.536 0,P=0.043 8)。 结论 高盐预处理改变了H.pylori的体内致病性,有助于阐明H.pylori感染与高盐饮食在胃病中的相互作用模式。  相似文献   
53.
微核技术研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
微核试验作为检测染色体损伤最常用而有效的细胞遗传学检测方法之一,经济、简便、快速,在敏感性、特异性和准确性方面,与经典的染色体畸变分析方法基本相当。主要综述国内外微核检测技术的最新研究进展,尤其是微核的自动化检测技术。其中流式细胞仪自动化检测和激光扫描细胞仪自动化检测,以及微核试验高内涵筛选方法由于其特有的优势,应用和发展前景广阔。  相似文献   
54.
Improved gene transfer techniques are necessary to obtain adequatenumbers of stable transgenic wheat plants needed for practical purposes.Considering that wheat transformation is genotype-dependent, we used cv. Combiin all experiments, which had been selected from agronomically important Germanspring wheat cultivars because of its high transformation ability. In mostwheatgene transfer attempts, immature embryos or embryogenic scutellar calli weremicrobombarded. We compared both methods under optimised conditions, usingbar, uidA, andgfp as markers in co-transformation attempts. Integrationof the genes mentioned above was proven by Southern blotting, expression levelswere measured by assays on phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and-glucuronidase activities, and by monitoring for green fluorescentproteinin most developmental stages. Following bombardment of scutellar calli, anaverage transformation frequency of 0.13% was attained. Using immature embryos,mean transformation frequency (1.06%) was 8-fold higher. In addition, embryotechniques were over 2 weeks faster than scutellar callus procedures.Introducing gfp as a vital marker led to an improvement ofembryo-based techniques. In a first screening, transientgfp-expressing embryos were transferred tophosphinothricincontaining callus medium. Only gfp-expressing calli whichdeveloped on it were cultured further on phosphinothricin containingregeneration medium. Shoots obtained from gfp-expressingcalli were rooted on phosphinothricin-free medium, and cultured exvitro. Average transformation frequency (4.93%) was 38-fold higherthan with scutellar callus techniques. Differences between the transformationstrategies used were of high statistical significance. Combining greenfluorescent protein screening with phosphinothricin selection in embryo-basedtechniques offers a promising system to obtain high wheat transformationfrequencies.  相似文献   
55.
In this study, the amounts of trace elements (Fe (II) and Cu (II)) and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) in soybean oil were evaluated under high voltage electric field (HVEF) bleaching method at different voltage (10 and 20 kV), temperature (35–65 °C), time (0−30 min) and clay percentage (0.5–2 %) and then were compared to the industrial bleaching method (IBM). The kinetic data of ions and pigments adsorbed on activated bentonite clay under IBM and HVEF at two voltages of 10 and 20 kV followed the mechanism of the pseudo-first-order model (PFOM). The carotenoid and chlorophyll equilibrium data followed a Freundlich isotherm type model, which demonstrated multilayer adsorption under HVEF. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) displayed that the adsorption of trace metal ions and pigments on bentonite clay under IBM and HVEF were feasible, endothermic and spontaneous between 35 and 65 °C. The results indicated that the HVEF, especially at higher voltage, has a high remarkable capability to remove metal ions and pigments from soybean oil than the IBM. The highest removal capacity for metal and pigments of soybean oil bleaching were obtained in the order of HVEF-20 kV > HVEF-10 kV > IBM.  相似文献   
56.
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify interaction effects between diet, sex, and strain on trace element dysregulation and gene expression alterations due to diet-induced obesity (DIO) in the hippocampus, striatum, and midbrain.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6 J (B6 J) and DBA/2 J (D2 J) mice were fed either a low fat (10 % kcal) diet (LFD) or high fat (60 % kcal) diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, then assessed for trace element concentrations and gene expression patterns in the brain.ResultsIn the hippocampus, zinc was significantly increased by 48 % in D2 J males but decreased by 44 % in D2 J females, and divalent metal transporter 1 was substantially upregulated in B6 J males due to DIO. In the striatum, iron was significantly elevated in B6 J female mice, and ceruloplasmin was significantly upregulated in D2 J female mice due to DIO. In the midbrain, D2 J males fed a HFD had a 48 % reduction in Cu compared to the LFD group, and D2 J females had a 37 % reduction in Cu compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe alteration of trace element homeostasis and gene expression due to DIO was brain-region dependent and was highly influenced by sex and strain. A significant three-way interaction between diet, sex, and strain was discovered for zinc in the hippocampus (for mice fed a HFD, zinc increased in male D2 Js, decreased in female D2 Js, and had no effect in B6 J mice). A significant diet by sex interaction was observed for iron in the striatum (iron increased only in female mice fed a HFD). A main effect of decreased copper in the midbrain was found for the D2 J strain fed a HFD. These results emphasize the importance of considering sex and genetics as biological factors when investigating potential associations between DIO and neurodegenerative disease.  相似文献   
57.
Over 60 Greenland glacial isolates were screened for plasmids and antibiotic resistance/sensitivity as the first step in establishing a genetic system. Sequence analysis of a small, cryptic, 1,950 bp plasmid, p54, from isolate GIC54, related to Arthrobacter agilis, showed a region similar to that found in theta replicating Rhodococcus plasmids. A 6,002 bp shuttle vector, pSVJ21, was constructed by ligating p54 and pUC18 and inserting a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) cassette conferring chloramphenicol resistance. Candidate Gram-positive recipients were chosen among glacial isolates based on phylogenetic relatedness, relatively short doubling times at low temperatures, sensitivity to antibiotics, and absence of indigenous plasmids. We developed an electroporation protocol and transformed seven isolates related to members of the Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, and Rhodoglobus genera with pSVJ21. Plasmid stability was demonstrated by successive transformation into Escherichia coli and four Gram-positive isolates, growth without antibiotic, and plasmid re-isolation. This shuttle vector and our transformation protocol provide the basis for genetic experiments with different high G+C Gram-positive hosts to study cold adaptation and expression of cold-active enzymes at low temperatures.  相似文献   
58.
BackgroundThe optimal induction treatment in potentially-resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC remains undefined.AimTo compare neoadjuvant high-dose chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) in patients with resectable, stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsRetrospective, multicentre study of 99 patients diagnosed with stage cT1-T3N2M0 NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant treatment (high-dose CRT or CHT) followed by surgery between January 2005 and December 2014.Results47 patients (47.5%) underwent CRT and 52 (52.5%) CHT, with a median follow-up of 41 months. Surgery consisted of lobectomy (87.2% and 82.7%, in the CRT and CHT groups, respectively) or pneumonectomy (12.8% vs. 17.3%). Nodal downstaging (to N1/N0) and Pathologic complete response (pCR; pT0pN0) rates were significantly higher in the CRT group (89.4% vs. 57.7% and 46.8% vs. 7.7%, respectively; p < 0.001)). Locoregional recurrence was significantly lower in the CRT group (8.5% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.047) but distant recurrence rates were similar in the two groups. Median PFS was 45 months (CHT) vs. “not reached” (CRT). Median OS was similar: 61 vs. 56 months (p = 0.803). No differences in grade ≥3 toxicity were observed. On the Cox regression analysis, advanced pT stage was associated with worse OS and PFS (p < 0.001) and persistent N2 disease (p = 0.002) was associated with worse PFS.ConclusionsCompared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, a higher proportion of patients treated with preoperative CRT achieved nodal downstaging and pCR with better locoregional control. However, there were no differences in survival. More studies are needed to know the optimal treatment of these patients.  相似文献   
59.
目的探讨宫颈病变患者阴道微生态与高危型HPV感染及宫颈癌相关增殖基因表达的相关性。方法选择2018年1月至2019年1月间在我院确诊为原发性宫颈癌的患者50例作为宫颈癌组,在我院诊断为宫颈糜烂的患者78例作为宫颈糜烂组,同期在我院进行体检的健康女性100例作为正常对照组。对比3组研究对象的阴道微生态失调率、高危型HPV感染率以及宫颈癌组、宫颈糜烂组患者宫颈病灶组织中宫颈癌相关增殖基因(Prdx4、Nek2、Fhit、BLCAP)mRNA表达量的差异。采用Pearson检验分析宫颈癌患者阴道微生态失调率与高危型HPV感染及宫颈癌相关增殖基因表达的相关性。结果宫颈癌组、宫颈糜烂组患者的阴道微生态失调率、高危型HPV感染率高于正常对照组,其中宫颈癌组患者这两项指标水平高于宫颈糜烂组(均P0.05)。宫颈癌组患者宫颈病灶组织中Prdx4、Nek2 mRNA表达量高于宫颈糜烂组,Fhit、BLCAP mRNA表达量低于宫颈糜烂组(均P0.05)。相关性分析发现,宫颈癌患者阴道微生态失调率与高危型HPV感染率呈正相关,与癌基因(Prdx4、Nek2)mRNA表达量呈正相关,与抑癌基因(Fhit、BLCAP)mRNA表达量呈负相关(均P0.05)。结论宫颈癌患者阴道微生态失调率较高,可能与高危型HPV感染及癌细胞增殖旺盛密切相关。  相似文献   
60.
The extracellular carboxymethyl cellulase (CSCMCase) from the yeast, Cryptococcus sp. S-2, was produced when grown on cellobiose. It was purified to homogeneity from the supernatant by ultrafiltration, DEAE-5PW anion exchange column and TSK-Gel G3000SW gel filtration. The purified enzyme was monomeric protein with molecular mass of approximately 34 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were at 40–50 °C and 3.5, respectively. It was stable at pH range of 5.5–7.5 and retained approximately 50% of its maximum activity after incubating at 90 °C for 1 h. Moreover, it could able to hydrolyze carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt higher than insoluble cellulose substrate such as Avicel, SIGMACELL® and CM cellulose. Due to its action at acidic pH and moderately stable at high temperature, the gene encoding carboxymethyl cellulase (CSCMCase) was isolated and improved the enzyme yield by high cell-density fermentation of Pichia pastoris. The CSCMCase cDNA contains 1023 nucleotides and encodes a 341-amino acid. It was successfully expressed under the control of alcohol oxidase I promoter using methanol induction of P. pastoris fermentation in a 2L ABLE bioreactor. The production of the recombinant carboxymethyl cellulases was higher than that from Cryptococcus sp. S-2 of 657-fold (2.75 and 4.2 × 10−3 mg protein L−1, respectively) indicating that the leader sequence of CSCMCase has been recognized and processed as efficiently by P. pastoris. Furthermore, the recombinant enzyme was purified in two-step of ultrafiltration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography which would be much more convenient for large-scale purification for successful industrial application.  相似文献   
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