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41.
用相关和回归处理方法,研究了8条正常狗咽喉部高频喷射通气时,调节驱动压、呼吸比和频率对喷气量、吸入气氧浓度、动脉血气及气道内压的作用。结果显示,驱动压和呼吸此对各观察指标几乎有同等重要的作用,频率的影响很小,喷气量与吸入气氧浓度、动脉血气、气道内压间存在显著的正相关关系。说明调节参数的意义主要在于改变了喷气量。 相似文献
42.
Hanns-Christof Spatz 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(3):231-236
Summary This paper attempts to explain Kleiber's rule, which relates metabolic rate of mammals to their body mass, from the structure and function of the blood circulation system.Abbreviations
a
scaling factor
-
fractal dimension
-
hydrodynamic conductivity
-
l
n
length of an arterial blood vessel at bifurcation level n
-
M
body mass
-
N
maximal number of bifurcation levels
-
p
pressure
-
Q
flow
-
r
size of Bohr effect
-
r
n
radius of an arterial blood vessel at bifurcation level n
-
V
volume
-
VO
2
rate of oxygen unloading
-
Z
n
number of arterial blood vessels at bifurcation level n 相似文献
43.
To date, the sequences of 45 Bradyrhizobium japonicum genes are known. This provides sufficient information to determine their codon usage and G+C content. Surprisingly, B. japonicum nodulation and NifA-regulated genes were found to have a less biased codon usage and a lower G+C content than genes not belonging to these two groups. Thus, the coding regions of nodulation genes and NifA-regulated genes could hardly be identified in codon preference plots whereas this was not difficult with other genes. The codon frequency table of the highly biased genes was used in a codon preference plot to analyze the RSRj9 sequence which is an insertion sequence (IS)-like element. The plot helped identify a new open reading frame (ORF355) that escaped previous detection because of two sequencing errors. These were now corrected. The deduced gene product of ORF355 in RSRj9 showed extensive similarity to a putative protein encoded by an ORF in the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The DNA sequences bordering both ORFs showed inverted repeats and potential target site duplications which supported the assumption that they were IS-like elements. 相似文献
44.
G. Akoev G. N. Andrianov T. Szabo B. Bromm 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,168(6):639-646
Summary Dissected ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate (Raja clavata) were studied with the aim of determining the synaptic transmitter between electroreceptor cell and afferent fibre. Resting activity and stimulus-evoked activity in response to electrical pulses were recorded in single afferent units at constant perfusion with normal and test solutions containing different putative neurotransmitters. Presynaptic transmitter release was blocked by Mg2+ (up to 50 mM) to investigate the effects of the test substances upon the postsynaptic membrane. l-Glutamate (l-GLU) and l-aspartate (l-ASP), both at concentrations between 10-7 and 10-3
M, enlarged strongly resting and stimulus-evoked discharge frequency in the afferent fibre. If transmission was blocked by high Mg2+, resting discharge frequency could be restored by l-GLU or l-ASP. The glutamate agonists quisqualate (10-8–105
M) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (10-5–10-3
M) enlarged spontaneous activity in the afferent fiber. The same was found for kainic acid (10-9–10-5
M). Taurine at concentrations between 10-5 and 10-3
M caused a concentration-dependent decrease in afferent activity. The same was found for gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA; 10-5–10-4
M), and for the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, both in concentrations between 10-5 and 10-3
M. Serotonine (10-5–10-3
M) and dopamine (10-5-10-3
M) had no effect on resting or evoked activity in the Lorenzinian ampulla afferents. Acetylcholine (ACh; 10-4
M) enlarged discharge frequency in those units with initial rates lower than 22–25 Hz, but diminished discharge frequency in fibres with initial activity higher than 25 Hz. When synaptic transmission was blocked by high Mg2+ solution, perfusion with additional ACh did not restore resting activity in the afferent fibre. The results suggest that the most probable transmitter in the afferent synapse of the ampullae of Lorenzini is l-GLU or l-ASP, or a substance of similar nature.Abbreviations
ACh
acetylcholine
-
GABA
gamma aminobutyric acid
-
KA
kainic acid
-
l-ASP
l-aspartate
-
l-GLU
l-glutamate
-
NMDA
N-methyl-D-aspartate
-
Q
quisqualate
-
n.s.
normal solution 相似文献
45.
Michael R. Ibbotson 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,168(1):91-102
This paper describes the morphology and response characteristics of two types of paired descending neurons (DNs) (classified as DNVII1 and DNIV1) and two lobula neurons (HR1 and HP1) in the honeybee, Apis mellifera.
相似文献
1. | The terminal arborizations of the lobula neurons are in juxtaposition with the dendritic branches of the DNs (Figs. 2, 3b, 5). Both of the DNs descend into the ipsilateral side of the thoracic ganglia via the dorsal intermediate tract (Fig. 6) and send out many blebbed terminal branches into the surrounding motor neuropil (Figs. 3c, 7). |
2. | Both the lobula and descending neurons respond in a directionally selective manner to the motion of widefield, periodic square-wave gratings. |
3. | The neurons have broad directional tuning curves (Figs. 10, 11). HR1 is maximally sensitive to regressive (back-to-front) motion and HP1 is maximally sensitive to progressive (front-to-back) motion over the ipsilateral eye (Fig. 11). DNVII1 is maximally sensitive when there is simultaneous regressive motion over the ipsilateral eye and progressive motion over the contralateral eye (Fig. 12a). Conversely, DNIV1 is optimally stimulated when there is simultaneous progressive motion over the ipsilateral eye and regressive motion over the contralateral eye (Fig. 12b). |
4. | The response of DNIV1 is shown to depend on the contrast frequency (CF) rather than the angular velocity of the periodic gratings used as stimuli. The peak responses of both regressive and progressive sensitive DNs are shown to occur at CFs of 8–10 Hz (Figs. 13, 14). |
46.
根田鼠静止代谢率特征的研究 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
通过实地测定分布于青海高原的根田鼠的RMR,发现其RMR水平明显高于与其体重相似的其它田鼠,而平均最小热传导值并不比后者低,说明可能是以保持高的RMR水平来适应高原寒冷气候的。同时发现,根田鼠以化学体温调节为主,以适应高原气温较大的波动。 相似文献
47.
James V. Moroney N. E. Tolbert Barbara B. Sears 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1986,204(2):199-203
Summary Six independently isolated mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that require elevated CO2 for photoautotrophic growth were tested by complementation analysis. These mutants are likely to be defective in some aspect of the algal concentrating mechanism for inorganic carbon as they exhibit CO2 fixation and inorganic carbon accumulation properties different from the wild-type. Four of the six mutants defined a single complementation group and appear to be defective in an intracellular carbonic anhydrase. The other two mutations represent two additional complementation groups.Abbreviations HS
high salt medium which has 13 mM phosphate at pH 6.8
- HSA
high salt plus 36 mM acetate medium
- YA
high salt medium with 4 g yeast extract per L and 36mM acetate
- Arg
arginine
- cia-
CO2 accumulation mutants that cannot grow on low CO2
- Ci
inorganic carbon (CO2+HCO
-
3
)
- CA
carbonic anhydrase
- mt
mating type
Supported in part by the McKnight Foundation and by NSF grant PCM 8005917 and published as journal article 11924 from the Michigan State Agriculatural Experiment Station 相似文献
48.
The influence of the frequency of periodic disturbances on the maintenance of phytoplankton diversity 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The influence of periodic disturbances of various frequency on the maintenance of the phytoplankton diversity was studied by semicontinuous competition experiments. Disturbances consisted of dilution events, which meant both addition of fresh nutrients and elimination of organisms. The intervals between dilution events varied from 1 to 14 days. Diversity was found to increase with increasing intervals between disturbances. coexisting species belonged to different strategy types: (a) species with rapid growth under enriched conditions, (b) species with good competitive abilities under impoverished conditions, (c) species with the ability to build up storage pools of the limiting nutrient. An increase of the number of coexisting species over the number that would have coexisted in steady state was only found when the interval exceeded one generation time. 相似文献
49.
Maximal exercise capacity in adolescent European and Amerindian high-altitude natives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L P Greksa H Spielvogel L Paredes-Fernández 《American journal of physical anthropology》1985,67(3):209-216
Forty-seven highland natives were given maximal exercise tests on a treadmill ergometer at 3,600 m. The subjects were grouped into four subsamples on the basis of ethnicity (European vs. Aymara) and age (young vs. old adolescent). Two-way ANOVA indicated that VO2max adjusted for body size did not differ significantly between ethnic groups but was significantly larger in older than younger boys within each ethnic group (p less than .05). This finding does not support the hypothesis that Amerindian highland natives have adapted genetically to hypoxia but is consistent with the hypothesis that the relatively high VO2max's of highlanders are acquired by developmental adaptation. Several measures of ventilation and oxygen transport capacity differed significantly between ethnic groups, suggesting that growing European and Aymara boys may respond somewhat differently to the stress of high-altitude hypoxia. However, despite these differences, VO2max, an integrated measure of the overall functional capacity of the oxygen transport system, did not differ significantly between ethnic groups, suggesting that both groups are equally capable of meeting the body's oxygen requirements during maximal exercise at high altitude. 相似文献
50.