中国北方点翅盲蝽属昆虫初步研究

本文记述了我国北方点翅盲蝽属昆虫Compsidolon Reuterl899,描述了采自于新疆麦盖提县、且末县及墨玉县一新种:斑点翅盲蝽Compsidolon punctulatus sp. nov., 记述了采自青海乌兰县、铜普县及怀头塔拉的中国一新纪录种:灰点翅盲蝽Compsidolon absinthii(Scott 1870),并提出一项新的异名关系:Solenoxyphus lepidus(Puton 1874)=Compsidolon gobicus Nonnaizab l994, syn. nov., 新种模式标本存于内蒙古师范大学生物系。     

Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs

(E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and (E)-2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate (≈9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated.     

Fortuitous Introduction and Successful Establishment ofTrichopoda pennipesF.: Adult Parasitoid ofNezara viridula(L.)

While the accidental introduction of insect pests is becoming increasingly common due to intense and rapid commercial exchanges, the incidence of accidental introduction of their parasitoids seems to be much less frequent or is overlooked. The case reported here, for a tachinid Phasiinae, is both fortuitous and fortunate since the parasitoid has been carried from the New World by a pest that is already present in the new country, Italy, where there are virtually no competitors. Establishment and specificity of the parasitoid was confirmed by the first follow-up studies immediately after its discovery.     

中国沟胸盲蝽属新种及新纪录属种记述(半翅目:盲蝽科)(英)

记述了一中国新纪录属,沟胸盲蝽属Solenoxyphus Reuter1875及隶于该属的两新种及一中国新纪录种,分别定名为黄沟胸盲蝽S. flavicans, sp. nov, 采自新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、甘河子县、阜康县,绿沟胸盲蝽S. viridulus, sp. nov.采自青海省乌兰县、新疆维吾尔自治区米泉县、阜康县,及中国新纪录蒿沟胸盲蝽S. lepidus(Puton1874)采自新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、阜康县、米泉县、木垒县及甘河子县,寄主均为蒿属植物Artemisia spp.。     

中国蝽科二新种

本文记录了蝽科二新种,分别属于珀蝽属和卷蝽属文中描述了所用长度单位均为ｍｍ。     

Effect of microsporidian infection in Lacanobia oleracea (Lep., Noctuidae) on prey selection and consumption by the spined soldier bug Podisus maculiventris (Het., Pentatomidae)

Abstract:  The predatory behaviour of Podisus maculiventris was investigated when this bug was presented with Lacanobia oleracea larvae infected with the microsporidian pathogen Vairimorpha necatrix . In choice tests, adult predatory bugs attacked V. necatrix -infected L. oleracea prey in similar numbers to uninfected larvae. Exposure to infected prey during nymphal development increased the rate at which adult bugs attacked diseased L. oleracea larvae. Fifth instar P. maculiventris nymphs, however, attacked infected prey in the majority of cases (>80% of occasions). Consumption of healthy and infected prey was measured for both adult and nymphal bugs. Over the course of 1 week, the mean number of V. necatrix -infected prey eaten by P. maculiventris adults (7.0 ± 0.82) was approximately twice the number of uninfected prey consumed (3.8 ± 0.42). Similarly, the number of prey larvae attacked by the bug over the course of the final nymphal stadium was also increased, with 2.9 ± 0.42 uninfected larvae eaten as opposed to 4.9 ± 0.27 V. necatrix -infected prey. However, small-scale investigations into the rate of P. maculiventris reduced small populations of L. oleracea indicated that the combination of the predator and pathogen would produce, at best, an additive effect.     

Biotic homogenization of three insect groups due to urbanization

Cities are growing rapidly, thereby expected to cause a large‐scale global biotic homogenization. Evidence for the homogenization hypothesis is mostly derived from plants and birds, whereas arthropods have so far been neglected. Here, I tested the homogenization hypothesis with three insect indicator groups, namely true bugs, leafhoppers, and beetles. In particular, I was interested whether insect species community composition differs between urban and rural areas, whether they are more similar between cities than between rural areas, and whether the found pattern is explained by true species turnover, species diversity gradients and geographic distance, by non‐native or specialist species, respectively. I analyzed insect species communities sampled on birch trees in a total of six Swiss cities and six rural areas nearby. In all indicator groups, urban and rural community composition was significantly dissimilar due to native species turnover. Further, for bug and leafhopper communities, I found evidence for large‐scale homogenization due to urbanization, which was driven by reduced species turnover of specialist species in cities. Species turnover of beetle communities was similar between cities and rural areas. Interestingly, when specialist species of beetles were excluded from the analyses, cities were more dissimilar than rural areas, suggesting biotic differentiation of beetle communities in cities. Non‐native species did not affect species turnover of the insect groups. However, given non‐native arthropod species are increasing rapidly, their homogenizing effect might be detected more often in future. Overall, the results show that urbanization has a negative large‐scale impact on the diversity specialist species of the investigated insect groups. Specific measures in cities targeted at increasing the persistence of specialist species typical for the respective biogeographic region could help to stop the loss of biodiversity.     

云南省树蝽属一新种(半翅目:树蝽科)

本文记述在云南通关发现的树蝽科一新种,Isometopus puberus sp.nov.     

Evidence for male- and juvenile-specific contact pheromones of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius

Males and females of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae), have been shown to produce and respond to an aggregation pheromone. We tested whether juvenile C. lectularius also produce and respond to aggregation pheromone, and whether the pheromone is perceived by contact chemoreception. In dual‐choice laboratory experiments, juveniles, but not males or females, preferred juvenile‐exposed paper discs to control discs. Unlike juveniles, males and females preferred male‐exposed paper discs to control discs. Neither juveniles, males, nor females preferred female‐exposed discs to control discs. When test stimuli were inaccessible, C. lectularius failed to show any preference. Male‐ and juvenile‐specific contact pheromones may have contrasting functions of marking shelters as safe refugia for development and growth (juveniles) or mate encounter (adults), but result in the same phenomenon, the aggregation of conspecifics.