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111.
记述中国长垫盲蝽属,描述该属1新种:临泽长垫盲蝽Camptotylidea linzensis sp.nov.,提供了虫体背面观照片及雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所。 相似文献
112.
A new genus and species of Discocephalini, Acanthocephalonotum martinsnetoi
gen. n. et sp. n. is described from Río Pichileufú, middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina at palaeolatitude ~ 46°S. The new species is the first fossil representative of the Discocephalinae. This taxon is extant in equatorial to subtropical America, and some species reach warm temperate latitudes (Buenos Aires province). The new genus is distinguished from the other genera of Discocephalini by the combination of these characters: interocular width greater than head length; head massive and quadrangular with the anterior margin almost straight; juga touching each other; labrum thick and curved; triangular ante-ocular process extending beyond the eye; broad spine-like antero-lateral process of the pronotum; pronotum explanate and bean shaped; scutellum triangular with a circular tongue reaching the anterior side of abdominal segment 7; and wings well developed with membrane just surpassing end of abdomen. 相似文献
113.
A GIS-based approach for areawide pest management: the scales of Lygus hesperus movements to cotton from alfalfa, weeds, and cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yves Carrière Peter C. Ellsworth Pierre Dutilleul Christa Ellers-Kirk Virginia Barkley & Larry Antilla 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2006,118(3):203-210
Understanding the effect of cropping patterns on population dynamics, dispersal, and habitat selection of insect pests has been an unresolved challenge. Here, we studied the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Heteroptera: Miridae), in cotton during early summer in central Arizona. We used a general approach based on global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies combined with spatial statistics to assess the maximum distance at which forage and seed alfalfa, fallow fields with weeds, and cotton affect L. hesperus population density. Using a set of 50 cotton fields as focal fields, we found that forage and seed alfalfa as well as weeds acted as L. hesperus sources for these cotton fields. The source effect did not extend beyond 375, 500, and 1500 m for forage alfalfa, weeds, and seed alfalfa, respectively. Conversely, cotton fields acted as L. hesperus sinks, but this effect did not extend further than 750 m from the focal cotton fields. These findings suggest that specific spatial arrangements of these field types could reduce L. hesperus damage to cotton. The spatially explicit approach used here provides a direct evaluation of the effects of agroecosystem heterogeneity on pest population dynamics, dispersal, and habitat selection, which is a significant asset for the development and improvement of areawide pest management. 相似文献
114.
Role of symbiotic gut bacteria in the development of Acrosternum hilare and Murgantia histrionica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (both Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), are pests of many economically important crops. Although both species have been studied extensively, until recently their relationships with symbiotic gut bacteria have remained unknown. The endosymbionts may be important, as other pentatomomorphan species harbor vertically transmitted gut bacteria that play an important role in the biology of their host insects. We report the role of gut symbiotic bacteria on the development and fitness of A. hilare and M. histrionica by comparing control insects with individuals that hatched from surface sterilized egg masses. We studied the life history of A. hilare and M. histrionica under laboratory conditions at 23 ± 2 °C and L16:D8, measuring nymphal mortality and development time, and estimating other demographic parameters. We also evaluated egg masses, nymphs, and adults of both species with diagnostic PCR primers for the presence of specific gut symbiotic bacteria for both treatments. Our results show that egg mass surface sterilization eliminates or reduces the prevalence of this bacterium-insect symbiosis in both species. Acrosternum hilare 's development time, survivorship, and other demographic parameters were negatively affected by surface sterilization of egg masses. Conversely, M. histrionica 's survivorship was marginally increased by clearing its symbiont infection during the first generation; however, mean generation time was significantly longer. Our data indicate that the degree of mutualism in this association for pentatomid species is variable, given that A. hilare requires its symbiont for adequate development and survival, whereas M. histrionica 's symbiont may not be required for development and survival under the experimental conditions used. 相似文献
115.
Preplant release of Nesidiocoris tenuis and supplementary tactics for control of Tuta absoluta and Bemisa tabaci in greenhouse tomato 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francisco J. Calvo María J. Lorente Philip A. Stansly José E. Belda 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2012,143(2):111-119
An early release system developed for Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) could provide a good control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato. Tuta absoluta and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often appear simultaneously in tomato crops and this might affect control capacity. Therefore, the new approach needs to be tested in a situation with both pests present. In addition, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) have been shown to be effective against T. absoluta and could be a supplement to N. tenuis. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of this approach and its combination with supplementary control agents against T. absoluta. In the first experiment four treatments were compared (T. absoluta, B. tabaci, T. absoluta + N. tenuis, and T. absoluta + B. tabaci + N. tenuis) and N. tenuis was able to control T. absoluta and B. tabaci either alone or together. In the second experiment, five treatments were compared: T. absoluta, T. absoluta + N. tenuis, T. absoluta + N. tenuis + T. achaeae, T. absoluta + N. tenuis + B. thuringiensis, and T. absoluta + N. tenuis + T. achaeae + B. thuringiensis. Nesidiocoris tenuis again proved capable of significantly reducing T. absoluta populations, and the implementation of additional agents did not increase its effectiveness. 相似文献
116.
Jorge E. Rabinovich Eliana L. Nieves Luis F. Chaves 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2010,135(3):252-262
Age‐specific mortality patterns can be very different across insects with different life histories. Some holometabolous insects (like mosquitoes, fruit flies) show a pattern where mortality rate decelerates at older ages, whereas other holometabolous insects (bruchid beetles) and hemimetabolous insects (cotton stainers, milkweed bugs, and kissing bugs) show an age‐specific mortality pattern that increases through all ages. Kissing bugs are strictly hematophagous and are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Here, we tested whether cohort data from the dry forest kissing bug, Rhodnius neglectus Lent (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), supports an increase of mortality rate that decelerates with age. We analyzed the age‐specific mortality pattern of a cohort of 250 individuals of R. neglectus. We used a suite of seven models with different degrees of complexity, to model age‐dependent forms of change in mortality rate increase in R. neglectus in the laboratory. We used the Akaike model selection criterion to choose between models that consider absence or presence of mortality deceleration. Five of the seven models (logistic, Gavrilovs, Gompertz, DeMoivre, and exponential) showed a statistically significant fit to the mortality rate. Weak late‐age mortality deceleration in R. neglectus was supported by the best fit (logistic model), and this result is consistent with predictions of the disposable soma theory of senescence. 相似文献
117.
Gerd Gäde† Lutz Auerswald† Reinhard Predel Heather G. Marco† 《Physiological Entomology》2004,29(1):84-93
Abstract. The metabolites that are generally used by insects during exercise are present in quite different concentrations in the haemolymph of the backswimmer Notonecta glauca L. Lipids are most abundant (between 10 and 20 mg/mL), whereas carbohydrates (2–3 mg/mL) and proline (approximately 1 mg/mL) are at very low concentrations. Injection of an extract of conspecific corpora cardiaca causes pronounced hyperlipaemia in the backswimmer. A neuropeptide with the same effect was isolated from the corpora cardiaca in a single high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) step; the primary sequence was deduced from mass spectrometric measurements (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and electrospray quadrupol time-of-flight mass spectrometry) of whole corpora cardiaca, and the mass was confirmed in the HPLC fraction that had adipokinetic activity. The biologically active octapeptide has the sequence pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Ser-Trp amide, which was characterized previously from the corpora cardiaca of the Emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator , and denoted Anaim-adipokinetic hormone (AKH). The synthetic Anaim-AKH peptide causes lipid mobilization when injected at a dose of 1 pmol into N. glauca . When other synthetic AKH members that occur in Hemiptera are injected into N. glauca at the same dose, the hyperlipaemic responses are significantly lower than after injection of Anaim-AKH. Because only lipids increase upon activity, such as continuous swimming for 1 h or during a 1-h rest period after a 3-min flight episode in the laboratory, it is assumed that Anaim-AKH serves as a true adipokinetic hormone in the backswimmer during bouts of natural swimming and flight. 相似文献
118.
Keiji Nakamura 《Entomological Science》2003,6(1):11-16
The effect of photoperiod on nymphal development, growth and adult size was examined in a pentatomid bug, Dolycoris baccarum , collected in Osaka (a warm temperate region) and Hokkaido (a subfrigid region), Japan. When insects were reared from eggs at 25°C, the developmental period was long and adult size was large under photoperiods close to the critical photoperiod for the induction of adult diapause. Adults of the Hokkaido population were larger than those of the Osaka population. There was no significant correlation between developmental period and adult size. Insects also showed variation in their growth rate: growth rate was low under photoperiods a little longer than the critical photoperiod for the induction of diapause. The ecological significance of variation in development and growth is discussed. 相似文献
119.
Differential predation by the generalist predator Orius insidiosus on congeneric species of thrips that vary in size and behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stuart R. Reitz Joe E. Funderburk & Scot M. Waring 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2006,119(3):179-188
We investigated interactions between the generalist predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and two species of thrips prey, Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and interspecific differences in morphology and behavior between these prey species that could contribute to differences in predation by O. insidiosus. Frankliniella occidentalis is significantly larger than F. bispinosa. Frankliniella bispinosa has greater mobility compared with F. occidentalis. When O. insidiosus was offered either F. bispinosa or F. occidentalis as prey in single species trials, there were no significant differences in the number of prey captured. However, O. insidiosus had significantly more encounters with F. bispinosa than with F. occidentalis. In arenas with equal numbers of both species, O. insidiosus encountered and captured F. occidentalis more than F. bispinosa. In large arenas with two pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), O. insidiosus preyed on more F. occidentalis than on F. bispinosa. These results indicate that O. insidiosus can prey on both thrips species, but that it preferentially captures F. occidentalis. The greater locomotion and movement of F. bispinosa, perhaps combined with its smaller size, allow it to evade predation by O. insidiosus better than F. occidentalis. Consequently, the observed preference of O. insidiosus for F. occidentalis is not exclusively a function of active selection by the predator but also could arise from inherent differences among prey. We propose this differential predation as a mechanism contributing to observed differences in the temporal dynamics of these species in pepper fields. 相似文献
120.
Jane Costa Nathália Cordeiro Correia Vanessa Lima Neiva Teresa Cristina Monte Gon?alves Márcio Felix 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(6):785-789
Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma is revalidated based on the
results of previous multidisciplinary studies on the Triatoma
brasiliensis complex, consisting of crossing experiments and
morphological, biological, ecological and molecular analyses. These taxonomic
tools showed the closest relationship between T. b.
macromelasoma and Triatoma brasiliensis
brasiliensis. T. b. macromelasoma is redescribed
based on specimens collected in the type locality and specimens from a F1
colony. The complex now comprises T. b. brasiliensis,
T. b. macromelasoma, Triatoma melanica,
Triatoma juazeirensis and Triatoma
sherlocki. An identification key for all members of the complex is
presented. This detailed comparative study of the morphological features of
T. b. macromelasoma and the remaining members of the
complex corroborates results from multidisciplinary analyses, suggesting that
the subspecific status is applicable. This subspecies can be distinguished by
the following combination of features: a pronotum with 1+1 narrow
brownish-yellow stripes on the submedian carinae, not attaining its apex,
hemelytra with membrane cells darkened on the central portion and legs with an
incomplete brownish-yellow ring on the apical half of the femora. Because the
T. brasiliensis complex is of distinct epidemiological
importance throughout its geographic distribution, a precise identification of
its five members is important for monitoring and controlling actions against
Chagas disease transmission. 相似文献