西北荒漠绿洲过渡带土壤细菌结构和氮代谢对梭梭恢复的响应

探究植被恢复过程中土壤微生物群落结构和氮代谢变化,是认识陆地生态系统生物地球化学过程的重要环节。然而,关于干旱区荒漠人工植被种植后土壤微生物功能的研究鲜有报道。选择西北荒漠绿洲过渡带建植时间序列(3、6、11、19、28a和46a)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林为研究对象,取冠层下表层土样(0-10 cm),流动沙地(Ms)作为对照,采用高通量测序技术,探究土壤细菌群落多样性、结构、氮代谢及功能基因对梭梭恢复的响应,考察土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键驱动因子。结果表明,放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是所有样地的优势细菌类群。Shannon指数随梭梭种植年限增加显著增加,表明梭梭建立显著提高了土壤细菌群落多样性。样本层级聚类分析显示不同年限梭梭林土壤细菌群落被分为3个小组,非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析表明梭梭的建立显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构。Spearman相关性分析显示土壤含水量(SM)、有机碳(SOC)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)显著影响土壤细菌群落结构,且呈显著正相关。土壤细菌氮代谢主要以同化和异化硝酸盐还原为主,硝酸盐还原基因(NRG)丰度是氨氧化基因(AOG)的17.5-126.9倍,表明反硝化速度快于硝化速度。NRG/AOG随梭梭种植年限增加而下降,表明梭梭生长有助于土壤氮的积累。研究结果有助于对干旱荒漠生态系统恢复过程中植物-土壤相互作用方面的理解。     

Genetic relationship between parasitized and non-parasitized Haloxyion ammodendron in the Alxa Desert

Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge is a host for the holoparasitic plant Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, the original source of medicinal material known as Herba Cistanchis. The inter-simple sequence repeat marker was used to assess the genetic variations and relationships among six accessions of H. ammodendron with a total of 120 individuals collected from three localities in the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. At each locality, individuals both parasitized (PP) by C. deserticola and non-parasitized (NP) were sampled. The results showed that Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's index of PP accessions were higher, but were not significantly different, from those of NP accessions. An unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average dendrogram showed two clusters, one that included all PP accessions, and the other the NP accessions. Genetic differentiation therefore existed between PP and NP accessions, which might be attributed to low gene flow between the NP and PP groups (Nm< 1). However, the relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance within each group, although not statistically significant in this study, might be associated with high gene flow in both the NP and PP groups.