中国新发现的几种红藻(Ⅱ)

在研究我国产的杉藻目和红皮藻目的种类过程中,发现属于这两个目的４个新种,它们是西沙腹根藻Ｔｅｎａｃｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｅ Ｚｉａ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,网状隐蜘藻Ｃｒｙｐｔａｒａｃｈｎｅ ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ Ｘｉａ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,西沙网囊藻Ｆａｕｃｈｅａ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ Ｘｉａ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ和海南红皮藻Ｒｈｏｄｙｍｅｎｉａ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｘｉａ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ。     

Six new species of the genus Laena Dejean from China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae)

Six new species of Laena Dejean, Laena quadratasp. n. and Laena motoganasp. n.(China: Xizang), Laena chiloriluxasp. n., Laena dentatasp. n. and Laena liangisp. n. (China: Yunnan), Laena dentatocrassasp. n. (China: Hainan Island, representing new province record of the genus) are described, complemented with photos of habitus, illustrations of legs, antenna, aedeagus and last abdominal ventrite of male and female. Type specimens are deposited in both the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China and the Natural History Museum of Stuttgart, Germany.A key to the 102 Chinese species of genus Laena is provided.     

南繁条件下转基因水稻对根际土壤微生物的影响

【背景】随着转基因技术的发展,转基因作物的安全评价已经成为目前的研究热点。海南省南部三亚、乐东、陵水等地形成的南繁育种区是我国的＂种业硅谷＂,其天然气候与环境优势,为加速世代繁殖、缩短育种年限提供了条件。大量的育种材料汇集于南繁区域,在利用南繁优势的同时,也造成了潜在的生态风险,因而在南繁区开展转基因生物安全评价研究具有重要的意义。【方法】采用平板培养计数和分子鉴定手段,对海南三亚南繁区种植的转cry1 Ab/cry1 Ac基因水稻TT51及其对照常规水稻明恢63（MH63）的根际土壤微生物进行了监测。【结果】连续3个种植周期（42个采样时间点）的监测发现,TT51与MH63根际土壤微生物数量变化趋势基本一致,说明转基因水稻未对根际土壤微生物数量变化趋势造成明显影响。TT51与MH63根际土壤细菌类群主要种属组成一致。【结论与意义】种植转cry1 Ab/cry1 Ac基因水稻TT51不会对根际土壤微生物数量和种类组成造成明显影响。本研究可为在我国南繁育种区开展转基因水稻安全评价提供数据支持。     

海南岛中部丘陵地区植被恢复过程中凋落物动态及土壤碳氮含量变化

为探究海南岛中部丘陵地区植被恢复过程中凋落物分解动态和土壤碳氮含量变化,采用时空互代法,在琼中湾岭地区同时具有经自然恢复的草丛、灌丛、次生林和人工恢复的马占相思林4种植物群落的两个山坡采用凋落物袋法进行凋落物交互分解实验。结果表明:4类型凋落物在同一样地中分解时,灌丛凋落物肖梵天花分解速率最高;同一种类凋落物在4个样地中分解时,在灌丛样地的分解率较高,而在3个自然植被样地中,分解速率为灌丛>草丛>次生林,显示随着植物群落进展演替的进程,凋落物分解速率呈现先增加后降低的趋势;马占相思凋落物和在马占相思林样地分解凋落物的分解率均低于次生林。土壤碳氮含量变化不显著,但有随植被恢复进程而增加的趋势。     

基于Landsat TM的热带精细地物信息提取的模型与方法——以海南岛为例

应用遥感技术进行精细地物信息提取是研究生态系统结构、过程和功能的重要手段之一。由于热带地区生态系统复杂,为精细地物信息提取带来很大的不确定性,极易产生"同物异谱"、"同谱异物"的现象。研究以地处热带地区的海南岛精细地物遥感信息提取为例,在综合分析典型地物光谱特征、空间分布、斑块形状等基础上,构建和优化了水陆指数WLI(Water and Land differing Index)、乔灌草指数GSI(Grass and Shrub differing Index)、旱地-沙地指数SSI(Field and Sand differing Index),并结合新型通用植被指数VIUPD(Vegetation Index of the Universal Pattern Decomposition Method)及DEM(Digital Elevation Model)等多源数据,提出基于决策树的面向对象遥感信息提取方法。该方法首先确定要提取的对象,明确对象类别与对象隶属关系,然后逐层逐项的提取天然林、橡胶林、浆纸林等地物信息。结果表明,综合提取的精度达88%,相比传统的监督分类方法精度(66%)提高22个百分点,精度明显提高。     

海南部分地区与省外非转移性浸润性乳腺癌患者临床病理参数的对比分析

目的:分析海南部分地区(省内)与省外非转移性浸润性乳腺癌患者临床病理参数的异同。方法:收集我院自2012年6月-2017年6月经病理和影像学确诊的非转移性浸润性乳腺癌患者214例,筛选有效病例159例,将患者年龄、肿瘤位置、ScarffBloom and Richardson(SBR)分级、肿瘤标记物(CEA、CA125、CA153)、TNM分期、阳性/活检淋巴结数、lunimal分型、初潮年龄、绝经状态、生育子女数、体重指数、体表面积等数据按省内、省外进行统计分析。结果:①省内患者确诊年龄明显早于省外(47.48±10.05 vs 51.33±10.03,p=0.02);②省内患者具有生育子女数较多(1.93±0.97 vs 1.38±0.64,p=0.00)和活检淋巴结数较多(20.67±9.56 vs 18.00±6.74,p=0.04)的特征;③省内患者绝经后体重指数(22.66±3.24 vs 25.56±3.67,p=0.00)和体表面积(1.60±0.12 vs1.68±0.16,p=0.00)较绝经前明显上升,而省外患者此现象不明显。结论:海南部分地区非转移性浸润性乳腺癌患者具有发病年龄早等特点,绝经后体质改变可能为该地区乳腺癌的促发因素。     

Sustainable Forestry and Local People: The Case of Hainan’s Li Minority

On the island of Hainan, China, the provincial government has recently committed itself to sustainable development, which requires the integration of social, environmental, and economic factors in decision making. However, while Hainan’s recent Eco-province designation establishes environmental and economic factors as the basis of policy development, it overlooks the equally important social component of sustainability, in which social needs and values are key considerations. This paper presents the results of a study on Hainan in 2002, with government officials, forestry workers, and the Li, an indigenous minority group, and places the province’s situation within the context of both the larger changes underway in China, and the theory and practice of sustainable forestry. The research results show that the government of Hainan has not yet been able to manage both social welfare and environmental and economic issues, demonstrating the difficulty of implementing sustainable forestry and of balancing short- with long-term goals. The inclusion of Li communities in forestry-related decision making could reduce tensions between local communities and forestry management and also improve the sustainability of the government’s forestry practices.

海南兰科植物新资料

报道了中国兰科Orchidaceae植物一新记录属和3个中国新记录种及5个海南新记录种。其中小囊兰属Micropera Lindl．、红花小囊兰Microperapoilanei（Guill.）Garay、疏花羊耳蒜Liparis sparsiflora Aver.和美丽云叶兰Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl.为中国新记录;平卧曲唇兰Panisea cavalerei Schltr．、云南曲唇兰Panisea yunnanensis S．C．Chen＆Z．H．Tsi、束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wallichex Lindl．、滇南翻唇兰Hetaeria rubens （Lindl．）Benth．ex J．D．Hook．f和毛叶芋兰Nervilia plicata（Andrews）Schltr．为海南新记录种。     

论中国海南岛的生物地理起源

当前海南岛植物区系以热带分布的科和属占绝对优势,在属的地理成分上热带亚洲分布属的比例最高,显示出它是一个热带性质的植物区系,并具有热带亚洲亲缘。在海南植物区系中,仅有7个特有属和约10%的特有种,极低的特有性显示了它具有明显的大陆起源特征。通过比较研究发现,中国海南植物区系与越南植物区系关系最密切,其次是广西植物区系。在哺乳动物上,也显示出与植物区系类似的生物地理格局,中国海南与越南的联系最密切。古植物学研究揭示海南岛在始新世时曾具有亚热带性质的植物区系和亚热带气候,处在比现今更北的位置。古地磁学研究揭示在中生代时期海南岛连接着越南和中国广西,处于比现在高5~6个纬度的位置。综合各方面的研究,我们从生物地理的角度提出中国海南岛在始新世时曾连接着越南和中国广西,后来发生了向东南移动和旋转,最终到达现在的位置。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of the Dengue Virus Strains Causing the 2019 Dengue Fever Outbreak in Hainan,China

Dengue virus is an arthropod-borne pathogen that is transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes spp.mosquitos,causing the acute infectious disease,dengue fever (DF).Until 2019,no dengue outbreak had been reported in Hainan Province for over20 years.However,in early September of 2019,an increasing number of infected cases appeared and the DF outbreak lasted for over one month in Haikou City,Hainan Province.In our study,we collected 97 plasma samples from DF patients at three hospitals,as well as 1585 mosquito larvae samples from puddles in different areas of Haikou.There were 49(50.5%) plasma samples found to be strongly positive and 9 (9.3%) plasma samples were weakly positive against the NS1 antigen.We discovered DENV both in the patient's plasma samples and mosquito larvae samples,and isolated the virus from C6/36 cells inoculated with the acute phase serum of patients.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new strains were the most closely related to the epidemic strain in the southern regions of China,belonging to lineage IV,genotype I,DENV-1.Compared to the seven closest strains from neighboring countries and provinces,a total of 18 amino acid mutations occurred in the coding sequences (CDS) of the new isolated strain,DENV1 HMU-HKU-2.Our data shows that dengue virus is re-emerged in Hainan,and pose new threats for public health.Thus regular molecular epidemiological surveillance is necessary for control and prevention of DENV transmission.