土壤肥力和施氮量对小麦氮素吸收运转及籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响

在不同土壤肥力条件下,研究了施氮量对小麦氮素吸收、转化及籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥可以提高小麦各生育阶段的吸氮强度,尤以生育后期提高的幅度为大认为是增施氮肥提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的基础,增施氮肥虽提高了小麦植株的吸氮强度。吸氮量增加,但开花后营养器官氮素向籽粒中的转移率降低,增施氮肥不仅促进了小麦植株对肥料氮的吸收,而且也促进了对土壤氮的吸收,并讨论了在高、低土壤肥力条件下氮肥合理运筹的问题。     

Colour-dependent target detection by bees

The distance over which an object is detected by bees depends on the subtended visual angle and on spectral cues. At large angular subtenses detection is mediated only by chromatic cues. Achromatic targets, however, are also detectable. We investigated how chromatic and achromatic cues interact in detecting large-size targets. Coloured targets were used, with varied chromatic contrast that either did or did not present L-receptor contrast. Better detection correlated with higher chromatic contrast. Adding L-receptor contrast did not affect detection. It did allow the detection of achromatic targets, but at a lower level than most coloured ones, which indicates that the input from the achromatic system is negligible due to low sensitivity.     

非洲旱稻IRAT359农艺性状评价和利用

从非洲引进的早稻品种ERA,1359,叶片和颖壳均光滑无毛,为光壳稻,属粳稻一类。分集能力较强,抗早性强,产量较高,米质较优,适合在有一定灌溉条件的云、贵、川、渝、桂等地和雨水充足的长江流域种植。     

水稻籼粳交DH群体籽粒充实度的遗传分析

籽粒充实度差是限制亚种间杂交稻产量潜力发挥的重要因素。作者对籼粳交（圭630／02428）DH群体的籽粒充实度进行了研究,结果表明,籽粒充实度是受多基因控制的数量性状,在该DH群体中发生分离的基因估计数为5－6对。通过估测三级（偏度）和四级（峰度）统计量,检测到控制籽粒充实度的多基因间存在重叠作用。DH群体中籽粒充实度表现出明显的超亲分离,表明基因重组可实现控制籽粒充实度的增效基因的聚合。籽粒充实度与单穗产量、穗均实粒数和干物质／总库容之比呈显著或极显著正相关,与千粒重、穗均颖花数和穗均总库容相关不显著。     

高粱子粒单宁含量和颜色QTL分析

高粱在我国酿酒行业和农业结构调整中均有重要作用。子粒单宁含量和粒色是高粱两个重要的品质性状,但有关高粱子粒单宁和粒色分子遗传的报道还较少。本研究用白粒低单宁的BTx623与浅粉高单宁Rio两个品种为亲本,构建了含325个株系的重组自交系基因定位群体,开展高粱子粒单宁和粒色基因定位研究。筛选出118个SSR标记和8个INDEL亲本多态性标记用于定位群体株系的基因型检测,结合亲本和定位群体子粒单宁和粒色2年测定数据,采用QTL Ici Mapping 4.1软件中的完备区间作图法,对高粱子粒单宁和粒色2个性状进行QTL定位,共检测到3个与单宁含量相关和6个粒色相关的QTL位点。与单宁含量相关的QTL qTan4-1即为已克隆的Sb04g031730,另外检测到新的qTan1-1(txp11~txp279,贡献率1.29%)和qTan2-1(txp298~SB1292,贡献率1.28%),但2014年未检测到。控制粒色的6个QTL中,qGC1-1(贡献率1.00%和12.03%)在txp11~txp279之间;qGC1-2(贡献率2.64%和16.96%)在txp43~txp11之间;qGC1-3(2014年贡献率22.81%)在1d1A3~sam44127标记之间;qGC2-1(2014年贡献率1.00%)在txp72~txp298之间;qGC2-2(贡献率1.19%和3.66%)在txp298~SB1292之间;qGC6-1(2015年贡献率15.08%)在txp57~sam43683之间。本研究为高粱子粒单宁和粒色2个性状的精细定位、基因克隆和分子标记辅助选择研究奠定了基础。     

Studies on Somatic Embryogenesis and Histological Observation in Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312

A reproducible 3-step procedure of somatic embryogenesis of Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312 has been developed. Calli were initiated on LSC medium containing 0.1mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.1 mg/L KT from cotyledon tissue of 5-day-old-seedlings, and subcultured on the same medium with 4 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L KT. Embryogenic calli and few globular embryos developed at a frequency of 67.5% after 55 days’ culture in the latter medium. When the embryogenic calli were transferred to growth regulator-free medium, embryogenesis occured and all stages of normal zygotic embryos, globular-, heart- and arrowhead- or torpedo-shaped embryo, ,were developed. Cyto-histological study showed that embryogenic calli were very easily distinguished from non-embryogenic calli. Embryoids were mainly initiated from the cells in the peripheral area of embryogenic calli. At the early stage the development of embryoid was limited in a boundary of thicken cell wail. There were 2 peaks of starch accumulation in the process of embryogenesis, one was at the early globular stage, and the other at the later torpedo-shaped stage.     

Optimizing nitrogen supply promotes biomass,physiological characteristics and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

Avoidable or inappropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates harmfully affect the yield production and ecological value. Therefore, the aims of this study were to optimize the rate and timings of N fertilizer to maximize yield components and photosynthetic parameter of soybean. This field experiment consists of five fertilizer N rates: 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N ha⁻¹ arranged in main plots and four N fertilization timings: V₅ (trifoliate leaf), R₂ (full flowering stage) and R₄ (full poding stage), and R₆ (full seeding stage) growth stages organized as subplots. Results revealed that 225 kg N ha⁻¹ significantly enhanced grain yield components, total chlorophyll (Chl), photosynthetic rate (P_N), and total dry biomass and N accumulation by 20%, 16%, 28%, 7% and 12% at R₄ stage of soybean. However, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf area index (LAI), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E) were increased by 12%, 88%, 10%, 18% at R₆ stage under 225 kg N ha⁻¹. Grain yield was significantly associated with photosynthetic characteristics of soybean. In conclusion, the amount of nitrogen 225 kg ha⁻¹ at R₄ and R₆ stages effectively promoted the yield components and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean.     

Dorsoventral asymmetry of colour discrimination in bees

Colour discrimination performance of honeybees was examined by training bees to a two-coloured disc presented on a vertical plane. Access to the food reward was through the centre of the disc. In one experiment, the upper half of the disc was yellow, and the lower half blue. In another experiment, this was vice versa. In either case, the learned disc was tested against each of a series of ten discs whose colour differed in either the upper or the lower half. A comparison between the results obtained in the two experiments reveals that colour discrimination is significantly better in the lower half of the frontal eye region than it is in the upper half. The results, similar to earlier results obtained in pattern discrimination tasks, cannot be explained by peripheral eye-region-specific specializations. It is proposed that the functional significance of the lower frontal visual field is based on more central neural mechanisms that might constitute an adaptation to the forager's natural needs. Accepted: 2 November 1998     

Control of the pars intermedia of the lizard,Anolis carolinensis

Summary The capacity of colour change in intact lizards and in animals with a transected hypophysial stalk was studied during extended periods. It was concluded that, with certain exceptions, the skin colour of the lizards gives information on the circulating levels of MSH, and thereby on the function of the pars intermedia.After transection of the hypophysial stalk, three phases of chromatic behaviour were recognised. During Phase I, which lasted for about 6 days (average), dark skin was retained irrespective of the colour of the background (= high MSH levels), whereas Phase II (19 days) was characterised by the inability of the animals to become brown (= low MSH levels). A gradual recovery toward normal adaptive capacity was seen during Phase III.In the disconnected neuro-intermediate lobe, aldehyde fuchsin (AF)-positive material in the rostral region rapidly clumped and disappeared within a few days. In the caudal portion, the stainability and the varicose arrangement of fibres were retained longer, but disappeared within approximately 14 days after the operation. Proximal to the lesion, the preoptic system exhibited a marked increase in stainability with AF, starting in the median eminence and progressing in a retrograde direction toward the peptidergic nuclei.Revascularisation of the disconnected neuro-intermediate lobe occurred during the first few days. A reinnervation of AF-fibres across the transected area into the neural lobe was observed during Phase III in most animals, but AF-fibres did not reoccupy the entire lobe. In association with an outgrowth of capillaries, the regenerating fibres formed new neural lobules. This regenerative process was accompanied by an increase in blood supply from the primary plexus of the median eminence to the neuro-intermediate lobe.Supported by grants from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council and the Royal Physiographic Society of LundThe authors are indebted to Mrs. Ingrid Hallberg and Mrs. Kirsten Thörneby for valuable technical assistance and skillful attention to the animals and to Miss Inger Norling for photographic aid     

彩超与GGT联合检测对酒精依赖患者酒精肝的诊断价值

目的:研究分析彩超和谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)联合检测对酒精依赖患者酒精性脂肪肝诊断的临床意义。方法:对2013年5月-2014年4月于我院住院并诊断为酒精依赖的患者39例(研究组)行肝脏彩超及GGT检测,另选取同期来源于本院职工、进修医护人员40例为对照组,对其结果进行分析。结果:研究组血清GGT为(189.95±226.52)U/L,显著高于对照组的(26.85±18.94)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.54,P0.001);研究组中彩超诊断为脂肪肝者的GGT水平与非脂肪肝者有明显差异(P0.05),且高于对照组中的脂肪肝者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于酒精依赖患者,血清GGT是敏感性较高的检测指标,GGT的检测有利于酒精性疾病的早期发现。彩超与GGT联合检测能提高临床对酒精性脂肪肝的检出率。