The reproductive behavior of golden monkeys in captivity (Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana)

The reproductive behavior of two captive harem breeding groups of golden monkeys was observed over one mating season and compared to non-seasonal reproductive behavior. Observation of over two thousand sexual interactions suggests that 1) females were responsible for 95% of all sexual solicitations (proceptive behavior), of which the typical pattern was prostration, while males were responsible for only 5%; 2) 17% of female solicitations were interrupted by another female; 3) 52% of female solicitations resulted in mounting by males; 4) the frequencies of solicitations and receipt of mounts and ejaculations varied greatly among females; 5) the frequency of ejaculations, the ratio of ejaculations to mountings, and ejaculation patterns were different between two males, and 6) the golden monkey is a seasonal breeding animal.     

Ontogeny of endocrine cells in the respiratory system of Syrian golden hamsters

The ontogeny of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), serotonin (5-HT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and calcitonin (CT) immunoreactivity was evaluated in small-granule endocrine cells of hamster laryngotracheal epithelium from fetal day 11 to adulthood. Two centrifugal (proximal-to-distal) patterns of differentiation occur. The first pattern begins during fetal life. Endocrine cells, single and clustered in groups (presumptive-or protoneuroepithelial bodies, pNEBs), initially colocalize immunostaining for PGP 9.5, 5-HT, and CGRP in the larynx and proximal 2/3 of the trachea on day 12 and spread to the caudal trachea on day 13.5-HT disappears fleetingly during the 24 h preceding birth; other-wise immunoreactivity for all three substances persists into adulthood. The clusters of endocrine cells survive beyond birth but are so diluted by expansion of the nonendocrine epithelium as to become inconspicuous. Since innervation was not actually observed, these clusters may persist as pNEBs, without developing connections to afferent or efferent nerve fibers. The second pattern concerns single small-granule cells stainable for CGRP but not for 5-HT. These cells first appear in the larynx and cartilaginous part of the cranial trachea on postnatal day 3, and in the middle and caudal trachea, on day 5. The cells increase in number on day 7. In adults, they predominate among endocrine cells of the cartilaginous region. A subset of these cells begins to co-express CT proximally on postnatal day 10, reaching the caudal end of the trachea by 3 weeks. A few elements of the older 5-HT-positive population may also become immunoreactive for CT in juvenile hamsters.     

Zn、Cd在太原工业区和紫金山非工业区环颈雉不同组织中的分布及比较研究

为了探讨Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ在环颈雉（Ｐｈａｓｉａｍｕｓｃｏｌｃｈｉｃｕｓ）体内的积累和分布规律,对太原工业区环颈雉体内不同组织的ＺｎＣｄ进行了分析,并以紫荆山区为对照区（相对非污染区）,对两区颈雉体内不同组织的Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ进行了比较,研究结果表明,Ｚｎ在环颈雉体内的分布规律为,股骨〉胸骨〉心〉肝〉肾〉肺〉股肌〉胸肌,Ｃｄ在环颈雉体内的分布规律为：肾〉胸骨〉股骨〉肝〉肺〉胸肌〉心〉股肌,两区环颈雉各组织中,Ｚ     

Negative impact of wind energy development on a breeding shorebird assessed with a BACI study design

Previous studies have shown negative associations between wind energy development and breeding birds, including species of conservation concern. However, the magnitude and causes of such associations remain uncertain, pending detailed ‘before‐after‐control‐intervention’ (BACI) studies. We conducted one of the most detailed such studies to date, assessing the impacts of terrestrial wind energy development on the European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria, a species with enhanced protection under European environmental law. Disturbance activity during construction had no significant effect on Golden Plover breeding abundance or distribution. In contrast, once turbines were erected, Golden Plover abundance was significantly reduced within the wind farm (?79%) relative to the baseline, with no comparable changes in buffer or control areas. Golden Plovers were significantly displaced by up to 400 m from turbines during operation. Hatching and fledging success were not affected by proximity to turbine locations either during construction or operation. The marked decline in abundance within the wind farm during operation but not construction, together with the lack of evidence for changes in breeding success or habitat, strongly suggests the displacement of breeding adults through behavioural avoidance of turbines, rather than a response to disturbance alone. It is of critical importance that wind farms are appropriately sited to prevent negative wildlife impacts. We demonstrate the importance of detailed BACI designs for quantifying the impacts on birds, and recommend wider application of such studies to improve the evidence base surrounding wind farm impacts on birds.     

神农架川金丝猴投食群TRIM5 alpha基因的变异及其进化分析

目的:本研究探索神农架大龙潭川金丝猴TRIM5alpha蛋白序列的特征、变异、该基因进化特点以及该基因的遗传多样性,对金丝猴的保护和研究具有重要的意义。方法:从神农架川金丝猴投食群随机选择41个个体,采集毛发并提取基因组DNA,设计引物,对其TRIM5 alpha基因编码序列进行PCR扩增和测序,最后对序列进行比对和分析。结果:在神农架川金丝猴投食群41个个体中,TRIM5alpha基因不存在与Cyp A假基因序列融合的现象。与恒河猴序列不同而与人类相似的是,川金丝猴中没有发现TFP339-341型,而只发现△△Q339-341型。41个个体TRIM5alpha蛋白序列没发现任何非同义突变位点,显示该基因在该种群中具有很低的遗传多样性。编码序列的进化分析表明,Coiled-coil结构域和SPRY结构域在进化中经历了明显的正向选择,Ring结构域和B-box结构域则经历了纯化选择。结论:川金丝猴TRIM5 alpha基因存在很多独特变异位点,且经历了明显的正向选择。对投食群的研究表明该基因编码序列在该种群中多样性很低,这从侧面反映了该总群较低的遗传多样性。针对这种情况,建议在种群复壮的工作中,适当引入一批有效的建群者。     

Leishmania donovani: Therapeutic and prophylactic action of antimony dextran glycoside (RL-712) in the golden hamster

Antimony dextran glycoside (RL-712, manufactured by Rosco A/S Pharmaceutical Taastrup, Denmark) produced a remarkable decrease in Leishmania donovani densities in hamster spleen and liver when administered in a single intraperitoneal (ip) dose of 500 mg Sb/kg body weight or in 600 mg Sb/kg body weight divided into two or three equal parts injected at weekly intervals beginning 15 days after intracardial inoculation of 10 million amastigotes, and also in a single ip dose of 300 mg Sb/kg body weight 14, 7, and 0 days before intracardial inoculation of 10 million amastigotes. No parasites were detected on using a single dose of 500 mg Sb/kg body weight followed by 100 mg Sb/kg body weight one week later.When the drug was administered in a dose of 500 mg Sb/kg body weight either 10 days before subcutaneous inoculation of 60 million promastigotes or eight days before intracardial inoculation of five million promastigotes, no parasites were recovered by smear or culture from the spleen and liver.Results show the prophylactic and therapeutic actions of this drug against L. donovani in the hamster.     

笼养褐马鸡繁殖行为的研究

1984年我们对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)的繁殖行为作了观察。了解到它们的一些行为特征,通过这一工作希望有助于促进褐马鸡和其它珍禽的饲养管理和繁殖。 材料与方法 观察的三对褐马鸡,其中两对于1982年获自河北省西部的小五台山,都是当年的幼体;另一对于1983年初取自北京动物园,是1982年该园繁殖的后代。观察期间,褐马鸡圈养在笼舍内,舍内面积约3×2米,舍外架设网以防外逸并作为活动场所,面积约7×2.5米。观察是在距活动场10—15米的室内隐蔽处进行。录相是在活动场的护网外用     

Zur Morphokinetik und Cytochemie der Schilddrüse

Zusammenfassung Der Funktionswandel der Schilddrüse des Goldhamsters wurde mit elektronenmikroskopisch-cytochemischen und -autoradiographischen Methoden an Drüsen mit supprimierter und akut stimulierter Funktion studiert. Die Schilddrüse des Normaltieres ist durch schlauchförmige, kolloidarme Follikel mit morphologisch aktiven Thyreocyten und ein stark vascularisiertes Stroma gekennzeichnet. Besonderes cytochemische Merkmal der Hamsterschilddrüse ist die Aktivität von alkalischer Phosphatase an der apikalen Zellgrenze des Follikelepithels. Diese Reaktion hängt von dem Funktionszustand der Drüse ab. Die Aktivität von saurer Phosphatase ist in sekundären und primären Lysosomen des apikalen Cytoplasma lokalisiert und hängt ebenfalls vom Funktionszustand der Drüse ab. Die Aktivität von ATP-ase findet sich vor allem in besonderen mesenchymalen Zellen des perifolliculären Interstitiums. Diese Zellen haben morphologische Merkmale von Pericyten und werden als Uferzellen des Lymphgefäßsystems in der Schilddrüse angesehen. Die cytochemischen Befunde werden im Hinblick auf die morphologischen Merkmale der Hormonsekretion diskutiert.

---

Morphological kinetics and cytochemistry of the thyroid glandElectron microscopic-cytochemical and radioautographical investigation in the golden hamster (Cricetus auratus)

Summary The functional activity of the thyroid gland in the golden hamster was suppressed by exogeneous hormone (T₄) and was subsequently stimulated by exogeneous TSH. Morphological kinetics were studied by electron microscopical cytochemistry and radioautography following¹²⁵iodine injection. The normal gland possesses tubule shaped follicles with active epithelium and is rich in alkaline phosphatase which is localized at the apical cell border of the follicular epithelium. This activity is exclusively demonstrable in the functionally active gland. Activity of acid phosphatase is demonstrated in secondary and in primary lysosomes of the follicular epithelium. Activity of ATP-ase in mainly localized in perifollicular cells which are interpreted to be pericytes. These cells seem to form the perifollicular lymphatic vessels of the gland. The results are discussed and correlated to cellular mechanisms of hormonal secretion in the thyroid gland.

Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.