Novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidines bearing fused tricyclic ring moiety for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor

In this study, a series of novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidines bearing fused tricyclic ring moiety was described for ALK inhibitor. The pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, piperazine and phenanthridine moieties were employed at the 2-position of pyrimidine. Among the compounds synthesized, 28, 29, 36, and 42 showed promising anti-ALK activities in enzymatic- and cell-based assays. In vivo H3122 xenograft model study showed that compound 29 effectively suppressed ALK-driven tumor growth, similar to the extent of ceritinib, suggesting that it could be used for a novel ALK inhibitor development.     

VEGF、CD34、VEGF—C和VEGFR-3在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨胃癌组织中VEGF、CD34、VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达情况及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法测定81例胃癌组织VEGF、CD34、VEGF—C和VEGFR-3表达情况,并结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果：81例胃癌组织中MVD平均值为（42.95±14．79）个／视野,范围为13．00-68．33个／视野,VEGF、VEGF—C、VEGFR-3阳性表达率分别为74．1％、64．2％、67．9％。VEGF的表达与肿瘤的TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关,CD34的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关,VEGF—C的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关,VEGFR-3的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。结论：VEGF、CD34、VEGF—C和VEGFR-3的表达与胃癌的浸润转移密切相关。     

MMP-3、TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨MMP-3和TIMP-3在人胃癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法:根据胃癌的病理大体分型将40例胃癌组织分为早期组和晚期组.其中,早期组同时不伴有淋巴结转移,晚期组伴有淋巴结转移.采用光镜、透射电镜和免疫组化方法对这两组胃癌组织的超微结构,MMP-3,TIMP-3表达和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值进行检测.结果:MMP-3和TIMP-3主要表达于癌细胞胞浆内.早期组MMP-3阳性表达细胞较少,晚期组阳性细胞较多,二者数密度和面密度比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);早期组TIMP-3阳性表达细胞较多,晚期组阳性细胞较少,二者比较,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)MM-3/TIMP-3的比值在胃癌晚期较早期增大,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);电镜观察显示胃癌早期淋巴细胞浸润较多,癌细胞穿基膜不明显,晚期则淋巴细胞浸润较少,癌细胞穿基膜明显.结论:MMP-3,TIMP-3的表达程度和MMP-3/TIMP-3的比值可作为判定胃癌的侵袭和转移的指标,对其预后的判断具有参考价值.     

金雀异黄素合成品诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡的体外研究

目的:探讨金雀异黄素合成品诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡的作用机制。方法:采用2.5mg·L~(-1)、5.0mg·L~(-1)、10.0mg·L~(-1)和20.0mg·L~(-1)的金雀异黄素处理人胃癌细胞SGC-7901后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,电镜下观察细胞形态变化,RT-PCR法检测凋亡相关基因表达。结果:10.0mg·L~(-1),20.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素能诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡,凋亡率与剂量正相关(相关系数r=0.9830),10.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901发生凋亡的形态学改变,2.5mg·L~(-1)、5.0mg·L~(-1)、10.0mg·L~(-1)和20.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素使Bcl-2mRNA表达下调,Fas mRNA表达上调。结论:金雀异黄素能诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡,降低Bcl-2 mRNA表达,增加Fas mRNA表达为其诱发SGC-7901细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

电针大鼠足三里穴调控胃运动的相关差异基因及部分信号通路研究

目的:探讨电针调控大鼠胃运动的相关差异基因及其相关的部分信号转导通路。方法:将大鼠随机分成足三里组、非经非穴组、非针刺对照组同步观察电针后胃电的变化;按TRIZOL法抽提三个胃组织标本总RNA,经纯化、逆转录合成掺入生物素标记的cRNA合成探针,与美国SuperArray公司的OligoGEArray基因芯片杂交,扫描芯片荧光信号图像,计算机分析,比较基因及信号转导通路差异。结果:选取胃动过缓分布>1/3(Ⅰ)及胃动过速分布>1/3(Ⅱ)的各组数据进行统计学分析。胃电图结果表明:①各组Ⅰ的例数均比Ⅱ的例数多;②在Ⅰ或Ⅱ中,足三里组比其余两组的例数多、平均频率分布率多;③在Ⅰ中,足三里组比其余两组的平均主频慢。三个标本中,胃动过速较胃动过缓明显差异表达的标志基因hoxal、lep、bcl-2上调,分别属于维甲酸通路、胰岛素通路、Survival通路、雌激素通路、磷脂酶C通路;胃动过速较胃动过缓明显差异表达的标志基因ptgs2下调,属于磷脂酶C通路。结论:电针足三里穴对大鼠胃电具有双向调节作用,并以抑制作用为主;电针调控大鼠胃运动的机制与某些差异基因上调或下调表达及其相关信号转导通路有关。     

Autocrine and paracrine purinergic signaling in the most lethal types of cancer

Cancer comprises a collection of diseases that occur in almost any tissue and it is characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that results in tumor formation and propagation to other tissues, causing tissue and organ malfunction and death. Despite the undeniable improvement in cancer diagnostics and therapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and preventive strategies with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. In this context, purinergic signaling emerges as an interesting candidate as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target. There is abundant evidence that tumor cells have significant changes in the expression of purinergic receptors, which comprise the G-protein coupled P2Y and AdoR families of receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in the expression of nucleotidases and other enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, and the concentrations of extracellular nucleotides are significantly higher than those observed in normal cells. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of purinergic signaling in the ten most lethal cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, prostate, cervical, esophagus, pancreas, and ovary), which together are responsible for more than 5 million annual deaths.     

Deubiquitinase PSMD7 promotes the proliferation,invasion, and cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing RAD23B

Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translational modification, controls substrate degradation and can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs). An increasing number of studies are showing that DUBs regulate the malignant behavior and chemotherapy resistance of gastric cancer (GC) by stabilizing various proteins. However, the expression level and biological function of the DUB, proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7), in GC remains unknown. Herein, we report for the first time that PSMD7 is frequently overexpressed in GC tissues. Elevated levels of PSMD7 were also detected in GC cell lines. Notably, the upregulation of PSMD7 closely correlated with malignant clinical parameters and reduced the survival of GC patients. Functionally, we found that PSMD7 knockdown consistently suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of AGS and SGC-7901 cells. Ectopic expression of PSMD7 facilitated GC cell proliferation and mobility. Based on protein-protein interaction prediction, RAD23 homolog B (RAD23B) protein was identified as a candidate substrate of PSMD7. PSMD7 positively regulated the abundance of RAD23B and xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C (XPC) protein in GC cells. The interaction between PSMD7 and RAD23B was confirmed using protein immunoprecipitation. PSMD7 knockdown enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of RAD23B protein in GC cells. PSMD7 promoted cell viability, apoptosis resistance, and DNA damage repair in GC cells upon cisplatin (DDP) treatment. Moreover, PSMD7 silencing inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to DDP treatment in mice. In summary, PSMD7 was highly expressed in GC and contributed to the malignant behavior and DDP resistance of tumor cells by stabilizing RAD23B.