A case study on Hashimoto's thyroiditis induced electrolyte imbalance

Lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition where auto-antibodies are produced against the thyroid gland. Initially, there might be a hyperthyroidism condition where T3 and T4 levels are high and external inflammation of thyroid gland might be seen, but over the course of time the destruction of thyroid gland can result in hypothyroidism where the complete destruction of thyroid gland. Electrolyte imbalances notably hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia with Hashimoto thyroiditis is a rare condition, in this article we will discuss about the course of treatment a 40-year-old female patient who presented with atypical symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis during her stay in the hospital.     

A comparison of four home-care fluoride programs on the caries incidence in the elderly

Objective : To estimate the caries preventive effect of 4 fluoride programs over 2 years in the elderly. Setting : The Public Dental Clinics of Balsta and Knivsta and the Faculty of Odontology in Göteborg, Sweden Subjects : One hundred and sixty-four individuals, aged 60 years and older (mean age 71.5 years) who were considered to be at risk from caries. Design : The participants were randomly assigned either to: 1) rinse twice a day with a 0.05% NaF solution (n=49; rinsing group), 2) suck twice a day on a 1.66 mg NaF tablet (n=51; tablet group). 3) brush their teeth three times a day using a toothpaste slurry rinsing technique (n=32; slurry group), or 4) brush their teeth in their usual manner (n=32; control group). The participants in all 4 groups used a fluoride toothpaste (containing 0.32% NaF) at least twice daily. Results : No new carious lesions were found in 67% of the participants in the rinsing, 43% in the tablet, 25% in the slurry and 16% in the control group over the 2 years. The mean (± SD) 2-year caries increment was 0.8±1.4, 1.4±1.7, 1.9±1.9 and 2.3±2.1 DFS in the rinsing, tablet, slurry and control groups, respectively; it was significantly lower in the rinsing than in the control group (p<0.01). A lower incidence of DFS was also found in the tablet group than in the slurry group, but only for the lingual surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion : The type of fluoride program may be of importance in the reduction of new caries lesions in an older population.     

香连片治疗脾胃湿热型慢性非萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效及作用机制研究

目的:观察香连片治疗脾胃湿热型慢性非萎缩性胃炎(CNAG)的临床疗效,并探讨香连片治疗CNAG的作用机制。方法:选择2017年1月-2019年7月我院门诊及住院的100例脾胃湿热型CNAG患者,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组给予胃复春片口服,4片/次,3次/d;观察组予香连片口服,5片/次,3次/d,3个月为1疗程,治疗1疗程后采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素lβ(IL-lβ)及白介素2(IL-2)水平,比较治疗前后患者上腹胀满、胃脘痛、反酸、口苦、恶心呕吐的症状积分,并统计两组疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为94.00%(47/50),显著高于对照组的80.00%(40/50)(P0.05);两组血清IL-2水平升高,TNF-α、IL-lβ水平降低,且观察组上述指标改善情况更优(P0.05);两组患者上腹胀满、胃脘痛、反酸、口苦、恶心呕吐的症状积分均降低,且观察组上述症状积分低于对照组(P0.05);两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论:香连片治疗脾胃湿热型CNAG的疗效令人满意,可较好地缓解脾胃湿热型CNAG患者上腹胀满、胃脘痛、反酸、口苦、恶心呕吐的症状,其可能是通过抑制促炎因子TNF-α、IL-lβ的产生,促进抑炎因子IL-2的分泌,提高机体的抗炎能力,从而起到治疗作用。     

Comparative effects of different cellulosic-based directly compressed orodispersable tablets on oral bioavailability of famotidine

Famotidine is a potent H₂-receptor antagonist most commonly used by elderly patients. Orodispersible tablets (ODT) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience and suitability for patients having dysphagia. The purpose of this study is to prepare famotidine ODT using the economic direct-compression method.A 3² full factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of different excipients on the properties and in vitro dissolution of famotidine ODT. Two factors were studied for their qualitative effects, namely, disintegrants and diluents. Disintegrants were studied in three levels viz. Ac-Di-Sol, sodium starch glycolate (Primojel) and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC). Fillers were studied in three levels viz. mannitol, spray dried lactose and Avicel PH 101. The ODTs were prepared by direct compression and were evaluated for hardness, drug content, uniformity of weight, in vitro disintegration time, oral disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro dissolution. Maximum dissolution and minimum oral disintegration time (11.4 s) were observed in F7 prepared using L-HPC and mannitol. Furthermore, in human volunteers it showed significant increase in bioavailability compared to Servipep^® with mean AUC_(0–∞) 117.1 ng/ml and 82.71 ng/ml, respectively, and its relative bioavailability was 141.57%. Hence, ODT (F7) could possibly be used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional famotidine tablets in elderly patients with significant increase in oral bioavailability.