腹腔镜胆囊手术和开腹胆囊手术对术后肠黏连的影响比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊手术和开腹胆囊手术对于术后肠黏连的影响,对比两种手术的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾选取在我院接受胆囊手术治疗的196例病患,根据术式分成开腹组和腹腔组,每组均为98例患者,对比分析组间手术指标以及术后出现肠黏连的情况,同时观察手术前后患者消化道生存质量变化。结果:腹腔镜组手术耗时(123.57±4.65 min)长于开腹组,术中出血(27.52±5.69 mL)、胃肠功能恢复用时(18.03±3.51 h)、术后住院时间(4.51±1.03)、肠黏连发生率(10.20%)少于开腹组,(P0.05);两组术前GLQI评分相仿(P0.05),术后GLQI评分显著高于组内术前(P0.05),且腹腔镜组术后GLQI评分显著高于开腹组(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜胆囊手术不仅手术创伤小、术后恢复时间短,而且术后肠粘连发生率低,值得推广。     

Proseal与Slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果比较

目的:比较proseal与slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果。方法:收集我院收治的68例胆囊行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为A组和B组,每组各34例,A组患者应用slipa喉罩,B组患者应用proseal喉罩进行麻醉。观察并比较两组患者各时间点血压、心率水平,患者麻醉时间、苏醒时间、喉罩插入时间与拔除时间以及患者的不良反应发生率。结果:与喉罩置入前相比,两组患者手术中收缩压(SBP)以及舒张压(DBP)水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者各时间点的血压以、心率、麻醉时间及苏醒时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与B组相比,A组患者的喉罩插入时间较长,喉罩沾血的发生率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Pro seal与Slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果相当,但Slipa喉罩的插入时间以及喉罩沾血的发生率更高。     

不同剂量羟考酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者血清血栓素A2、血浆内皮素水平和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量羟考酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者血清血栓素A2(TXA2)、血浆内皮素(ET)水平和免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年8月至2016年8月我院接诊的90例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,以随机数表法分为3组,各30例。于手术开始前,均静脉注射羟考酮,A组剂量0.1 mg/kg、B组剂量0.2 mg/kg、C组剂量0.3 mg/kg。比较三组T0(入室后)、T1(麻醉诱导后)、T2(插管后)、T3(胆囊分离时)、T4(手术结束)时点血流动力学、TXA2、ET的变化以及T0、T5(术后2 h)、T6(术后1 d)、T7(术后3 d)时点免疫功能的变化;并记录拔管时间、苏醒时间、降压药、止痛药的使用情况及不良反应的发生情况。结果:三组在T2、T3时点舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)较T0时点比较显著升高(P0.05),B、C组在T2、T3时点DBP、SBP、HR均明显低于A组(P0.05);三组T2、T3、T4时点TXA2较T0时点比较均显著升高,且A组B组C组,两两比较均具有显著差异(P0.05);三组T2、T3时点ET较T0时点均显著升高(P0.05),A组在T2、T3时点ET均明显高于B、C组(P0.05);三组在T5时点CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+较T0时点比较均显著降低(P0.05),A组在T5时点CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均明显低于B、C组(P0.05);C组拔管时间明显长于A、B组(P0.05);C组不良反应总发生率明显高于A、B组(P0.05)。结论:在胆囊切除术中,应用0.2 mg/kg羟考酮对血流动力学、TXA2、ET及免疫功能的影响较小,且安全性高。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚用于后腹腔镜手术患者对血浆TXB2, ET-1, D-D水平的影响比较

目的:比较丙泊酚与七氟醚用于后腹腔镜手术患者对血浆血栓烷素B2(TXB2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平的影响。方法:研究对象选自我院2015年5月~2016年12月收治的行后腹腔镜手术治疗的84例患者,采取随机数字表将其分成两组,每组42例。两组患者麻醉诱导相同,观察组麻醉维持采取2%~3%七氟醚持续吸入,对照组给予丙泊酚4~12 mg/(kg·h)持续泵注,两组同时给予瑞芬太尼10μg/(kg·h)靶控输注。分别于麻醉诱导后(T0)、气腹后0.5 h(T1)、1 h(T2)、1.5 h(T3)时点检测两组患者的血浆TXB2、ET-1、D-D含量,同时比较两组麻醉效果以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组意识消失时间、气管插管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、言语应答时间、定向力恢复时间、拔管时间均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。两组不良反应发生情况对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者T1、T2、T3时点的血浆TXB2、ET-1、D-D含量均逐渐升高,且均明显高于T0(P0.01);观察组患者T1、T2、T3时点的血浆TXB2、ET-1、D-D含量均显著低于对照组同时点(P0.01)。结论:后腹腔镜手术可引起不同程度的血液高凝状态。与丙泊酚相比,七氟醚用于后腹腔镜手术麻醉中可有效抑制TXB2、ET-1、D-D的释放,能起到更好抗凝作用。     

Two-criteria optimisation problem for ventral hernia repair

Two-criteria optimisation problem related to laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is formulated in this paper. An optimal implant from a given set and its orientation is sought. The implant is subjected to kinematic extortions due to a patient’s body movement and intra-abdominal pressure. The first criterion of the optimisation problem deals with the reaction force in the implant fastener, while the deflection of the implant constitutes the second criterion. A two-stage optimization procedure is proposed and the optimal solution is determined with the aid of minimization of an additional objective function. Numerical examples for typical locations of hernia are provided.     

Obesity: Overview of Weight Management

IntroductionObesity is a chronic illness that requires a multifaceted personalized treatment approach.Methods & FindingsUsing current guidelines and recent studies in weight management, this article reviews the multiple components of weight management: lifestyle intervention (dietary intervention, physical activity, and behavioral interventions), pharmacotherapy, endoscopic procedures, and surgical procedures. This review briefly discusses specific diets and dietary strategies, compensatory mechanisms acting against weight loss, recent changes to Food and Drug Administration approved antiobesity medications, and technological advances in weight management delivery.ConclusionCurrent literature is lacking large studies on the safety and efficacy of combination therapies involving pharmacotherapy plus 1 or more procedures.     

Enhanced Laparoscopic Vision Improves Detection of Intraoperative Adverse Events During Laparoscopy

BackgroundThe absence of visibility of the entire surgical scene in laparoscopic surgery can lead to unforeseen intraoperative complications. An Enhanced Laparoscopy Vision System (ELViS) was developed to eliminate the blind spots of the traditional endoscope by providing a broad view of the surgical scene from a distance, thanks to two additional images. This study assessed whether the broad view provided by the Enhanced Laparoscopic Vision (ELV) helped the surgeon to detect and react to an unexpected intraoperative adverse event (simulated hemorrhage) occurring while performing a standard task.MethodsWhile participants were performing a standard task (sorting pins) on a dry lab laparoscopic simulator with or without ELV, a simulated bleeding (LED lighting) was randomly triggered. Per-procedure metrics were recorded and surgeons' feedback gathered at the end of the session.ResultsThirteen Senior surgeons participated. Mean response time was significantly reduced when using ELV, with a similar number of simulated bleeding events between both modalities. All surgeons agreed that ELV could be helpful and constitutes an acceptable increase in cognitive load.ConclusionIn a dry lab setup, compared to traditional endoscopy, the broader field of view provided by ELV improved outcomes when dealing with unforeseen complications like bleeding.