和中平逆方治疗肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎临床研究

目的:观察和中平逆方治疗肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎的临床疗效。方法:选择60例经内镜检查及中医辨证确诊为肝胃郁热型的反流性食管炎患者,分为中药治疗组、西药对照组,每组各30例,均以8周为一疗程,疗程结束后进行疗效比较。结果:两组临床症状疗效,治疗组总有效率为96.67%,对照组为96.66%,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);内镜疗效,治疗组总有效率为73.33%,对照组为73.33%,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);肝胃郁热证候疗效,治疗组总有效率为96.67%,对照组为76.67%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:1.和中平逆方对反流性食管炎的症状、食管黏膜炎症改善均有明显疗效;2.和中平逆方对肝胃郁热型反流性食管炎中医证候的改善优于奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊。     

Increased Humoral Immune Responses of Pigs to Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Vaccine Supplemented with Ginseng Stem and Leaf Saponins

Vaccination is a conventional approach against foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) in pigs. However, failure to elicit an immune response to vaccine has been reported. Our previous investigation showed that ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) and mineral oil acted synergistically to promote Th1/Th2 immune responses to FMD vaccine in mice. This study was designed to i) find the optimal doses of GSLS in oil‐emulsified FMD vaccines to induce immune responses in mice and pigs and ii) to evaluate the effect of oil‐emulsified FMD vaccine supplemented with GSLS on the immune responses in pigs, by measuring the serum indirect hemagglutination (IHA) titer and IgG and IgG subclass levels. The GSLS‐enhanced immune response to FMD oil‐emulsion vaccine depended on the dose of GSLS added to the vaccine. Addition of GSLS at a dose of 40 μg to 2 ml of FMD oil‐emulsified vaccine significantly enhanced the humoral immune responses in pigs, when compared to the vaccine without GSLS (P<0.05). The increased antibodies included IgG1 and IgG2. Hence, GSLS and oil adjuvant synergistically promoted the immune responses to vaccination against FMD in pigs, and GSLS could be a promising vaccine additive to improve oil‐emulsified veterinary vaccines.     

Dietary preference and feeding selectivity of common dragonet Callionymus lyra in U.K

The gut contents of 90 individuals of common dragonet Callionymus lyra were analysed, of which 76 contained prey, along with 100 corresponding benthic grab samples in order to assess the diet of C. lyra in relation to the availability of its prey in the environment. Forty-five prey taxa were identified in the diet from 350 potential prey taxa identified in the environment. Calculation of the index of relative importance (I(RI) ) found the main food components were crustaceans (%I(RI) = 86·3), mostly the porcelain crab Pisidia longicornis (%I(RI) = 43) and other decapods (%I(RI) = 18). Polychaetes played only a supplementary role in the overall diet (%I(RI) = 12·5). This study demonstrated that C. lyra is predominantly an opportunistic feeder that can modify its feeding behaviour to exploit alternative, more abundant prey.     

Anti-inflammatory effect and the effect on acute pharyngitis rats model of compound Lobelia oral liquid

Objective

Observe anti-inflammatory effect and the effect on acute pharyngitis rats model induced by ammonia water of compound Lobelia oral liquid, providing experimental basis for its clinical use.

Actin cytoskeletons regulate the stretch-induced increase of Ca2+ current in human gastric myocytes

Using the whole-cell and single channel recording techniques, the influence of actin cytoskeletons on L-type Ca2+ current was investigated in human gastric smooth muscle cells. In isotonic condition, an actin depolymerizer cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) markedly decreased the whole-cell current (I(Ba)) without changing steady-state voltage dependency and single channel conductance. Intracellular dialysis of phalloidin, an actin polymerizer, significantly increased the I(Ba). Hypotonic stretch (222 mOsm/L) of the myocytes increased the I(Ba), and Cyt-D significantly inhibited the I(Ba) increase by the stretch. Phalloidin was without effect on the I(Ba) increase by the stretch. Phalloidin antagonized the Cyt-D inhibition of the stretch-induced I(Ba) increase. Neither heterotrimeric G protein modifiers (GTPgammaS and GDPbetaS) nor rho GTPase inhibitor (C3 exoenzyme) influenced the stretch-induced responses. These results reveal that the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is an important factor which determines the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels and a response to stretch.     

Comparative scanning electron microscopy of Gasterophilus third instars

Comparison of cuticular features, including spine distribution and shape, structure of the maxillae and mandibles, the cephalic sensillae and the terminal abdominal segments of third instar Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, Gasterophilus inermis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus meridionalis, Gasterophilus nasalis and Gasterophilus pecorum was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. One or more features distinguished among the species, with the exception of G. haemorrhoidalis and G. intestinalis, which shared all morphological characteristics. The features presented in this study complement and extend those presented in Zumpt's compendium. The function of some features described by Zumpt (e.g. the 'warts' on the rim of the respiratory chamber) is clarified and the presence of previously described sensory structures in the grooves on the maxillae of G. intestinalis is called into question.     

灰毛豆甲醇提取物的杀虫活性

研究灰毛豆(Tephrosia purpurea)各部位提取物的杀虫活性及其作用方式。结果表明,灰毛豆对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus Skuse幼虫、菜青虫Pieris rapae(L.)、斜纹夜蛾Prodenialitura(Fabricius)幼虫和黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabricius)成虫都有杀虫活性。灰毛豆种子、树皮、根皮、豆荚、枝条和树叶的甲醇提取物对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫24h的LC50值分别是22.1,97.7,36.6,142.6,165.6和618.3mg.L-1,树干木质部没有杀虫活性;灰毛豆种子、树皮和根皮甲醇提取物对3龄菜青虫24h的触杀毒力LC50值分别是232.1,206.3和236.7mg.L-1;种子、树皮、根皮、枝条、树叶和豆荚对3龄菜青虫的24h胃毒毒力LC50值分别是192.6,168.4,249.7,524.5,1001.0,和510.7mg.L-1。在取食或接触有提取物的叶碟后,5龄菜青虫会出现取食量减少和生长发育变慢的亚致死现象。这些研究结果表明,灰毛豆除茎干木质部以外的其它各部位均含有杀虫活性成分,其作用方式为胃毒和触杀。     

植食性非鸟恐龙胃(肠)容物研究综述*

胃(肠)容物是一类稀有的化石记录, 可以为古食谱研究提供直接证据。1909年以来, 仅有十几例植食性非鸟恐龙的胃(肠)容物报道, 标本涵盖蜥脚类(Sauropoda)、兽脚类(Theropoda)、鸭嘴龙科(Hadrosauridae)、有甲类(Thyreophora)四个主要类群。对胃(肠)容物中植物材料的形态学、分类学鉴定, 辅以孢粉学和地球化学分析, 可以揭示死亡个体的最后一餐, 并为植食性恐龙的消化系统、取食行为以及它们与中生代植物之间的协同演化提供证据。但植物材料的来源(如是否通过流水引入)往往不易判断, 使一部分标本存在争议。此外, 鉴于其特异保存能力, 中国东北热河、燕辽两个生物群的标本值得格外关注。文中回顾了植食性恐龙胃(肠)容物的研究进展和方法学, 并阐述了该材料所蕴含的演化生物学、古环境学及古生态学意义。     

Feeding habits and seasonal trophic guilds structuring fish community in the bay mouth region of a tropical estuarine habitat

Understanding trophic relationships of fish in estuarine ecosystem is an important element for sustainable resource management. This study examined the feeding habits of 29 dominant fish species, characterized the trophic guilds, assessed the impact of season and clarified the role of diets in structuring the fish community in the mouth region of Pattani Bay, Thailand. Samples of 5792 fishes collected monthly by gillnets from March 2019 to February 2020 were used for stomach content analyses. It was found that the number of food types and fullness index differed between fish taxa (P < 0.001). Most fishes were specialist feeders feeding on specific food components and were categorized into five trophic guilds: piscivore, shrimp-fish feeder, polychaete feeder, zooplanktivore and planktivore. Six species were piscivorous, considered as apex predators, that fed almost entirely on fishes. High diet overlaps among some species (>0.6) were recorded. Not much variation in seasonal guilds was observed: four guilds in the dry season, three in the moderate rainy season and four in the rainy season. Some species remained in the same guild the whole year round, but some fishes changed seasonally. Two fish communities from different regions of the bay were segregated based on feeding habits. The inner bay community comprised mainly copepod and plankton feeders, but there were more piscivores in the deeper bay mouth area. Results from this study help us to understand the feeding habits and trophic guilds of dominant fish species at the mouth of this tropical estuarine bay.