全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20705篇 |
免费 | 1120篇 |
国内免费 | 2586篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 266篇 |
2022年 | 314篇 |
2021年 | 442篇 |
2020年 | 513篇 |
2019年 | 773篇 |
2018年 | 626篇 |
2017年 | 556篇 |
2016年 | 563篇 |
2015年 | 618篇 |
2014年 | 1009篇 |
2013年 | 1408篇 |
2012年 | 992篇 |
2011年 | 949篇 |
2010年 | 728篇 |
2009年 | 949篇 |
2008年 | 975篇 |
2007年 | 1107篇 |
2006年 | 1045篇 |
2005年 | 912篇 |
2004年 | 839篇 |
2003年 | 815篇 |
2002年 | 834篇 |
2001年 | 634篇 |
2000年 | 561篇 |
1999年 | 543篇 |
1998年 | 485篇 |
1997年 | 385篇 |
1996年 | 421篇 |
1995年 | 418篇 |
1994年 | 338篇 |
1993年 | 295篇 |
1992年 | 308篇 |
1991年 | 325篇 |
1990年 | 252篇 |
1989年 | 201篇 |
1988年 | 208篇 |
1987年 | 169篇 |
1986年 | 180篇 |
1985年 | 199篇 |
1984年 | 170篇 |
1983年 | 112篇 |
1982年 | 171篇 |
1981年 | 144篇 |
1980年 | 143篇 |
1979年 | 104篇 |
1978年 | 87篇 |
1977年 | 65篇 |
1976年 | 54篇 |
1974年 | 38篇 |
1973年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Jianjun Wang Janne Soininen Yong Zhang Beixin Wang Xiangdong Yang Ji Shen 《Journal of Biogeography》2011,38(3):595-603
Aim Data and analyses of elevational gradients in diversity have been central to the development and evaluation of a range of general theories of biodiversity. Elevational diversity patterns have, however, been severely understudied for microbes, which often represent decomposer subsystems. Consequently, generalities in the patterns of elevational diversity across different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Our aim was to examine elevational gradients in the diversity of macroinvertebrates, diatoms and bacteria along a stony stream that covered a large elevational gradient. Location Laojun Mountain, Yunnan province, China. Methods The sampling scheme included 26 sites spaced at elevational intervals of 89 m from 1820 to 4050 m elevation along a stony stream. Macroinvertebrate and diatom richness were determined based on the morphology of the specimens. Taxonomic richness for bacteria was quantified using a molecular fingerprinting method. Over 50 environmental variables were measured at each site to quantify environmental variables that could correlate with the patterns of diversity. We used eigenvector‐based spatial filters with multiple regressions to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results The bacterial richness followed an unexpected monotonic increase with elevation. Diatoms decreased monotonically, and macroinvertebrate richness showed a clear unimodal pattern with elevation. The unimodal richness pattern for macroinvertebrates was best explained by the mid‐domain effect (r2 = 0.72). The diatom richness was best explained by the variation in nutrient supply, and the increase in bacterial richness with elevation may be related to an increased carbon supply. Main conclusions We found contrasting patterns in elevational diversity among the three studied multi‐trophic groups comprising unicellular and multicellular aquatic taxa. We also found that there may be fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these species diversity patterns. 相似文献
22.
In searching for differentially expressed genes in human uterine leiomyomas (ULs), suppression sub-tractive hybridization was used to construct an UL up-regulated library, which turned out to represent 88genes. After two rounds of screening by reverse Northern analysis, twenty genes were proved to be up-regulated, including seventeen known genes and three genes with unknown function. All these genes werefirstly associated with UL. Three genes with notable difference were selected for Northern confirmationOur results proved the authenticity of the twenty genes. One gene named Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) showedup-regulation in 4/6 of the patients and investigation of tissue distribution indicated that it had obviousexpression in prostate, testis, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. 相似文献
23.
24.
The influence of contact guidance on the orientation of colonies of subcultured vascular smooth muscle cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert C. Buck 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1982,18(9):783-788
Summary Subcultures of smooth muscle cells derived from rat thoracic aorta were grown on plane plastic substrata and on plastic substrata
having ridges molded in them by a heated, ruled template. The cells were found to have a very high degree of contact guidance
when distributed sparsely on the ridged substrata. When the cell density increased multilayered, elongated colonies formed.
On plane substrata these were irregular, curved, and disposed in all directions. On the ridged substrata, however, the colonies
were straight, evenly spaced, and positioned at right angles to the ridges.
Supported by Grant MT1011 from the Medical Research Council of Canada. 相似文献
25.
DefattedMadhuca butyraceae seeds contain 24% of crude protein and 10.4% of saponins. The solubility ofMadhuca seed proteins was determined in water and NaCl as a function of pH and minimum solubility occurred at pH 4.0. The proteins
consist of three components with S20,w values of 2.2, 9.8 and 15.4. On gel filtration the proteins gave three peaks and on diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography
they resolved into two components. Thein vitro digestibility ofMadhuca seed protein was found to be 69% when assayed with a pepsin-pancreatin system. 相似文献
26.
The uptake of two different preparations of99mTechnetium-methylene diphosphonate in fetal rat calvaria is compared. The localization of99mTc after administration of99mTc(Sn)-MDP and99mTc-MDP showed equal distribution in autoradiography. 相似文献
27.
Felix Roosen-Runge Marcus Hennig Tilo Seydel Fajun Zhang Maximilian W.A. Skoda Stefan Zorn Robert M.J. Jacobs Marco Maccarini Peter Fouquet Frank Schreiber 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics》2010,1804(1):68-75
We report on a combined cold neutron backscattering and spin-echo study of the short-range and long-range nanosecond diffusion of the model globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution as a function of protein concentration and NaCl salt concentration. Complementary small angle X-ray scattering data are used to obtain information on the correlations of the proteins in solution. Particular emphasis is put on the effect of crowding, i.e. conditions under which the proteins cannot be considered as objects independent of each other. We thus address the question at which concentration this crowding starts to influence the static and in particular also the dynamical behaviour. We also briefly discuss qualitatively which charge effects, i.e. effects due to the interplay of charged molecules in an electrolyte solution, may be anticipated. Both the issue of crowding as well as that of charge effects are particularly relevant for proteins and their function under physiological conditions, where the protein volume fraction can be up to approximately 40% and salt ions are ubiquitous. The interpretation of the data is put in the context of existing studies on related systems and of existing theoretical models. 相似文献
28.
29.
A set of procedures is offered for assessing interraler reliability and certain aspects of validity of codes in cross-cultural studies. The method assumes that at least two independent raters have coded more than one trait. Each trait coded by one rater is correlated with each trait coded by a second, and all the codings by a single rater are intercorrelated with each other. The results are presented in a multitrait-multi-rater matrix. From this matrix it is possible to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of trails in addition to a higher order concept based on pairs of traits. 相似文献
30.
Various laboratory techniques have been utilized worldwide for measuring lead-210 in sub-recent deposits through its grand-daughter product polonium-210. Isotope dilution alpha spectrometry proved a suitable tool for absolute determination of lead-210 for the dating of aquatic deposits. Moreover, isotope dilution alpha spectrometry along with speciation experiments can be used to resolve depositional anomalies arising from supported lead-210/Ra-226 disequilibrium levels and unsupported lead-210 mobile fractions. Isotope dilution alpha spectrometry of sub-recent sediment and peat deposits has been critically evaluated for more than ten years. Our results show that type, size and composition of deposits analyzed as well as radiochemical procedures used, together with alpha counting techniques, are important factors influencing lead-210 determinations and tailing corrections using its granddaughter product polonium-210. Optimization of these parameters is of prime importance to achieve economic and accurate analyses, especially at low lead-210 concentrations and small sample sizes. 相似文献