金针菇菌丝体的深层培养及多糖制取

从２０株金针菇菌株中筛选出适于液体发酵的９４Ｂ２株。该菌种适宜的摇瓶培养条件：培养温度２３～２４℃,ｐＨ６．５,接液体种量１０％,装液量≤５０ｍｌ／５００ｍｌ瓶;不同的间歇振荡形式对菌丝球产量和形态有显著影响。深层发酵工艺相似于抗生素发酵。发酵期间发酵液ｐＨ变化幅度很小,总糖、还原糖、氨基氮与菌丝生长量有一定的相关性。发酵酵的菌丝产量可达４７．５ｇ（湿重）／１００ｍｌ、胞外多糖达１７４．７ｋｇ／１００ｍｌ发酵液上清、胞内多糖达３３８．１ｍｇ／１００ｇ湿菌丝体。     

金针菇菌丝生长的营养需求及液体发酵研究

金针菇菌丝体液体培养表明,淀粉、玉米粉是适宜的碳源,黄豆粉、酵母粉、蛋白陈是适宜的氮源。采用正交设计考察了培养基的营养成分及其最适浓度。除碳、氮源外,Vb1及K、P、Mg、S等元素也是金针菇菌丝体生长所必需的营养因子。适宜的碳氮比（C/N.）为21～24：1。本研究建立的有实用价值的液体发酵培养基配方是（％）：玉米粉4.0、葡萄粉1．0～2.0、黄豆粉15、KH₂PO₄0.1～0．15、MgSO₄·7H₂O0.05     

Produced by a Strain of Unidentified Actinomycetes sp.

The possibility of using two kinds of sorghum as raw materials in consolidated bioprocessing bioethanol production using Flammulina velutipes was investigated. Enzymatic saccharification of sweet sorghum was not as high as in brown mid-rib (bmr) mutated sorghum, but the amount of ethanol production was higher. Ethanol production from bmr mutated sorghum significantly increased when saccharification enzymes were added to the culture.     

Isolation and analysis of genes specifically expressed during fruiting body development in the basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes by fluorescence differential display

Using fluorescence differential display, cDNAs specifically expressed at the primordial stage of fruiting body development were isolated from the basidiomycete, Flammulina velutipes. Seventy-five cDNAs were sequenced and compared with the amino-acid sequences of proteins in the database by BLASTX search. Significant similarity was found for 29 cDNAs coding for proteins with known function, GTP-binding protein, growth factor, ubiquitin-proteasome, cytochrome P450 and hydrophobin, all of which would be associated with fruiting body development. Seventeen cDNAs were not similar to proteins in the database and may represent unique genes that play specific roles in the process of fruiting in F. velutipes.     

金针菇FV088菌株液体培养工艺的研究

通过单因子试验统计分析,优化筛选了适于金针菇（Flammulinavelutipes）FV088的适宜培养基和摇瓶培养条件,结果表明,其适宜的液体培养基组成为：5.0％玉米粉,2．0％鼓皮,0．L％KH₂PO₄,0．05％MgSO₄·7H₂O,10μgVB₁／100ml,50μgVB₂／100ml;适宜的摇瓶培养条件为：培养基的起始pH6．0～7．0,500ml     

火菇素的溶液二级结构与变性动力学

为了弄清抗肿瘤活性物质火菇素蛋白的二级结构及其活性在保存时自然衰减的规律 ,为临床应用提供依据 ,测定了火菇素的圆二色性并用蛋白质二级结构解析程序分析了火菇素的溶液二级结构 ,研究了火菇素的变性动力学 .火菇素的远紫外圆二色性的研究表明 ,其水溶液在 2 0 8nm处表现为大负峰 ,最大平均残基摩尔椭圆度 [θ]2 0 8=- 6574deg·cm2·dmol-1,在 2 2 3nm处为肩 .经二级结构解析程序计算分析 ,火菇素的二级结构组成为 :α螺旋 1 5.2 % ,平行 β折叠片和 β转角6.1 % ,反平行 β折叠片 32 .7% ,无规卷曲和 γ转角 2 3.4% ,其中二硫键和芳香氨基酸对火菇素圆二色性的贡献占 2 2 .6% .热变性几乎使所有的二级结构都遭到破坏 ,转化为无规卷曲 .利用已建立的火菇素免疫单向琼脂扩散定量检测技术 ,对在 4℃下保存的火菇素进行了长期跟踪检测 ,结果表明 ,在保存过程中火菇素的活性逐步降低 ,同时其二级结构也被破坏 .根据实验结果 ,建立了火菇素变性的一级动力学方程模型 :ct=coe-t/τ,该模型方程能很好地拟合实验结果 .根据模型方程计算的火菇素的寿命为 370 d,半衰期为 2 56d.说明火菇素这种很有应用前景的抗肿瘤药物比较容易长期保存 .     

金针菇担孢子原生质体制备条件的研究

为了得到更利于细胞融合的原生质体,研究了几个影响金针菇担孢子原生质体制备的最重要因子,当用０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ作渗透压稳定剂,在３５℃、２％溶壁酶中酶解２．５ｈ后,可获得纯净且量多的原生质体,其产量最高达６＊１０＾７个ｍＬ,原生质体大小比较均一,直径约８．２μｍ。     

金针菇菇脚对肉鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响

研究金针菇菇脚(FVF)作为饲料添加剂对肉鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加FVF能极显著提高肉鸡日增重(P<0.01),极显著降低肉鸡料肉比(P<0.01),显著提高肉鸡生长后期的胸腺指数(P<0.05),极显著促进肉鸡外周血淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.01)。     

Purification and characterization of a novel O-methyltransferase from Flammulina velutipes

An enzyme catalyzing the methylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in polyphenols was identified from mycelial cultures of edible mushrooms to synthesize O-methylated polyphenols. Enzyme activity was measured to assess whether methyl groups were introduced into (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) using SAM as a methyl donor, and (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3″Me), (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG4″Me), and (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3,5-O-dimethyl)-gallate (EGCG3″,5″diMe) peaks were detected using crude enzyme preparations from mycelial cultures of Flammulina velutipes. The enzyme was purified using chromatographic and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was subsequently analyzed on the basis of the partial amino acid sequence using LC–MS/MS. Partial amino acid sequencing identified the 17 and 12 amino acid sequences, VLEVGTLGGYSTTWLAR and TGGIIIVDNVVR. In database searches, these sequences showed high identity with O-methyltransferases from other mushroom species and completely matched 11 of 17 and 9 of 12 amino acids from five other mushroom O-methyltransferases.     

Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Protease from a Culture Supernatant of Flammulina velutipes Mycelia

In this study we purified a fibrinolytic enzyme from the culture supernatant of Flammulina velutipes mycelia by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies, it was designated as F. velutipes protease (FVP-I). This purification protocol resulted in 18.52-fold purification of the enzyme at a final yield of 0.69%. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 37 kDa by SDS–PAGE, fibrin-zymography and size exclusion by FPLC. This protease effectively hydrolyzed fibrin, preferentially digesting α-chain over β-and γ–γ chain. Optimal protease activity was found to occur at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 20 to 30 °C. The protease activity was inhibited by Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, but was found to be enhanced by Mn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. Furthermore, FVP-I activity was potently inhibited by EDTA and EGTA, and it was found to exhibit a higher specificity for chromogenic substrate S-2586 for chymotrypsin, indicating that the enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like metalloprotease. The first 20 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence of FVP-I were LTYRVIPITKQAVTEGTELL. They had a high degree of homology with hypothetical protein CC1G_11771, GeneBank Accession no. EAU86463.