ECS结合情景模拟教学在社区医师急救技能培训中的应用效果分析

目的：探讨应用急救模拟人（Emergency Care Simulator,ECS）结合情景模拟教学法对社区医师进行急救技能培训的效果。方法：应用ECS结合情景模拟对27名社区医师按照2010年美国心肺复苏指南标准进行急救技能培训,急救技能内容包括心肺复苏,气管插管和4项技术（止血、包扎、固定、转运）,比较培训前后成绩的区别;调查社区医师对ECS结合情景模拟教学法的认可程度。结果：社区医师胸外按压培训前后的成绩分别为59．61±12．35和81．42±13．26（P〈0．05）,气管插管的成绩分别为64．18±15．21和85．49±18．17（P〈0．05）,4项技术的成绩分别为62．15±12．28和89．32±15．34（P〈0．05）;96．2％认为该教学方法可以提高学习兴趣和团队合作精神。结论：应用ECS结合情景教学对社区医师进行培训可以提高急救技能,有利于培养团队精神和临床思维能力。     

On the effect of a therapy able to modify both the growth rates in a Gompertz stochastic model

A Gompertz-type diffusion process characterized by the presence of exogenous factors in the drift term is considered. Such a process is able to describe the dynamics of populations in which both the intrinsic rates are modified by means of time-dependent terms. In order to quantify the effect of such terms the evaluation of the relative entropy is made. The first passage time problem through suitable boundaries is studied. Moreover, some simulation results are shown in order to capture the dependence of the involved functions on the parameters. Finally, an application to tumor growth is presented and simulation results are shown.     

Biometric ratio in estimating widths of maxillary anterior teeth derived after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00648.x Biometric ratio in estimating widths of maxillary anterior teeth derived after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements Objective: To correlate dental measurements i.e. combined mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth with facial measurements i.e. inner canthal distance, interpupillary distance and intercommissural width and acquire a biometric ratio to serve as a preliminary guide in selection of the maxillary anterior teeth. Background: In the absence of pre‐extraction records, the resultant denture can lead to patient dissatisfaction towards the aesthetic appeal of their dentures. The maxillary anterior teeth play a pivotal role in denture aesthetics. Various techniques and biometric ratios have been described in literature for selection of the maxillary anteriors. This study derives a biometric ratio for the same, obtained after correlating anthropometric measurements with dental measurements. Materials and methods: Two standardized digital photographs of the face were generated; one, when the facial muscles were relaxed and the other, when the subject was smiling; thereby, revealing the maxillary anterior teeth upto the canine tip. Inner canthal distance, interpupillary distance, intercommissural distance, distance between the tips of the maxillary canines and distance between the distal surfaces of the canines were measured. On the cast, the distance between tips of maxillary canines and distance between distal surfaces of maxillary canines were noted. The data was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A high correlation was found between the intercommissural measurement with distance between the tips of the canines on the photograph and between the tips of the canines on the cast with the interpupillary distance, giving a biometric ratio of 1:1.35 and 1:1.41 respectively. The least correlation was between the inner canthal distance and the tips of the canines measured on the photograph. Conclusions: Extra oral anthropometric measurements of the interpupillary distances and the intercommissural distances with the help of standardised photographs can help us determine the combined widths of the anterior teeth accurately, thus aiding their selection in the absence of pre‐extraction records.     

结合薄层CT技术建立下颌第一前磨牙三维有限元模型

目的结合薄层CT技术建立下颌第一前磨牙三维有限元模型。方法对正常人下颌第一前磨牙进行薄层CT扫描及图像处理,通过Matlab和ANSYS软件建立三维有限元模型,并加载验证模型力学分析的可行性。结果建立了包含髓腔的下颌第一前磨牙的三维有限元模型,得到101564个单元,144053个节点。载荷后的应力分布主要集中在颊尖部位和根尖部位,牙颈部受力较小。结论薄层CT技术与Matlab和ANSYS软件相结合,建立包含髓腔的下颌第一前磨牙的三维有限元模型,精度高、速度快,使用灵活,为后期的楔缺模型建立和分析奠定了基础。     

Systematic review of exposure to albendazole or mebendazole during pregnancy and effects on maternal and child outcomes,with particular reference to exposure in the first trimester

Soil-transmitted helminth infections cause an important burden of morbidity worldwide, primarily from blood loss and malabsorption of nutrients. Where STH endemicity ≥20%, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends preventive chemotherapy with single dose anthelminthic drugs: albendazole or mebendazole. Although WHO recommends that women of reproductive age, including pregnant women after the first trimester, be included in large-scale deworming programs, there are concerns related to the use of anthelminthic drugs during pregnancy, especially inadvertent use in the first few weeks when the pregnancy may not yet be confirmed. We therefore conducted a systematic review using the MEDLINE database with the aim of appraising all peer-reviewed evidence, published up to July 1, 2018, on the association between exposure to albendazole or mebendazole and outcomes in pregnant women, including those in the first trimester of pregnancy, and their children. From a yield of 205 papers based on titles alone, 58 papers, reporting results from 46 originator studies conducted in pregnant populations, constituted the initial evidence base. Among the nine originator observational studies which had included women in the first trimester of pregnancy within their study population, five compared birth outcomes between women exposed in the first trimester with women who were not exposed, and none reported higher rates of adverse birth outcomes in the exposed group. Due to heterogeneity in terms of study design, sample size, deworming drug, dosage and outcomes measured, data from these studies could not be pooled. Based on this cumulative evidence, it is unlikely that inadvertent exposure to albendazole or mebendazole in the first trimester carries an additional risk of adverse birth outcomes. To optimize relevance for policy making, future research in pregnant populations should aim to provide data disaggregated by trimester and to report on maternal and child adverse events, whenever possible.     

Plasmonic-based platforms for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point-of-care

Infectious diseases such as HIV-1/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis B (HBV), and malaria still exert a tremendous health burden on the developing world, requiring rapid, simple and inexpensive diagnostics for on-site diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, traditional diagnostic methods such as nucleic acid tests (NATs) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) cannot be readily implemented in point-of-care (POC) settings. Recently, plasmonic-based biosensors have emerged, offering an attractive solution to manage infectious diseases in the developing world since they can achieve rapid, real-time and label-free detection of various pathogenic biomarkers. Via the principle of plasmonic-based optical detection, a variety of biosensing technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), colorimetric plasmonic assays, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have emerged for early diagnosis of HIV-1, TB, HBV and malaria. Similarly, plasmonic-based colorimetric assays have also been developed with the capability of multiplexing and cellphone integration, which is well suited for POC testing in the developing world. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on recent advances in surface chemistry, substrate fabrication, and microfluidic integration for the development of plasmonic-based biosensors, aiming at rapid management of infectious diseases at the POC, and thus improving global health.     

茎杆的第一节间离体再生空心菜

以空心菜（Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.）品种‘白骨柳叶’为材料,通过筛选植物外植体和调整培养基激素配比等方法,首次建立了茎秆第一节间为外植体的空心菜离体再生体系。结果表明,在MS基本培养上添加0.05% 的植物组织培养抗菌剂PPM可获得大量空心菜无菌苗;植株子叶和下胚轴的切段均未诱导出不定芽,而茎秆第一节间为外植体能成功诱导出不定芽,诱导成功率为20%,最佳培养基配方为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IAA;不定芽诱导生根的最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,生根率为100%。诱导成功后,将完整的再生苗移栽至基质土中,成活率可达100%。     

NMR structural studies of the first catalytic half-domain of ubiquitin activating enzyme

We report a high resolution NMR structure and ¹⁵N relaxation studies of the first catalytic cysteine half-domain (FCCH) of the mouse ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, together with interaction studies of FCCH and the other catalytic E1 subdomain – SCCH (second catalytic cysteine half-domain). In solution, mouse FCCH forms a well-defined six-stranded antiparallel β-barrel structure, a common fold for many proteins with a variety of cellular functions. ¹⁵N relaxation data reveal FCCH complex backbone dynamics and indicate which residues experience slow intramolecular motions. Some of these residues make contacts with the polar face of ubiquitin in the co-crystal structure of yeast E1 and ubiquitin. However, the titration of FCCH with ubiquitin does not show any visible chemical shift changes in the 2D ¹H/¹⁵N HSQC spectra of the FCCH. The 2D ¹H/¹⁵N HSQC experiments performed both for each catalytic half-domain individually and for their equimolar mixture in the milimolar concentration range display no detectable chemical shift perturbation, suggesting a lack of interaction between the two subdomains unless they are covalently linked via the adenylation domain.     

A comprehensive analysis of fifteen genes of steviol glycosides biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)

Stevia [Stevia rebuaidana (Bertoni); family: Asteraceae] is known to yield diterpenoid steviol glycosides (SGs), which are about 300 times sweeter than sugar. The present work analyzed the expression of various genes of the SGs biosynthesis pathway in different organs of the plant in relation to the SGs content. Of the various genes of the pathway, SrDXS, SrDXR, SrCPPS, SrKS, SrKO and three glucosyltransferases namely SrUGT85C2, SrUGT74G1 and SrUGT76G1 were reported from stevia. Here, we report cloning of seven additional full-length cDNA sequences namely, SrMCT, SrCMK, SrMDS, SrHDS, SrHDR, SrIDI and SrGGDPS followed by expression analysis of all the fifteen genes vis-à-vis SGs content analysis. SGs content was highest in the leaf at 3rd node position (node position with reference to the apical leaf as the first leaf) as compared to the leaves at other node positions. Except for SrDXR and SrKO, gene expression was maximum in leaf at 1st node and minimum in leaf at 5th node. The expression of SrKO was highest in leaf at 3rd node while in case of SrDXR expression showed an increase up to 3rd leaf and decrease thereafter. SGs accumulated maximum in leaf tissue followed by stem and root, and similar was the pattern of expression of all the fifteen genes. The genes responded to the modulators of the terpenopids biosynthesis. Gibberellin (GA₃) treatment up-regulated the expression of SrMCT, SrCMK, SrMDS and SrUGT74G1, whereas methyl jasmonate and kinetin treatment down-regulated the expression of all the fifteen genes of the pathway.