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91.
Tsuneo Watanabe Manabu Kanno Masahiro Tagawa Hideyuki Tamaki Yoichi Kamagata 《Mycoscience》2012,53(1):45-48
Some 25 fungi, including at least 14 basidiomycetes, one ascomycete, and five anamorphic fungi were evaluated for their cellulose-degrading
abilities in Difco potato dextrose broth or Difco malt extract broth cultures with cellulosic substrates (e.g., filter paper)
in plastic Petri dishes. Among them, Peniophora sp. 06-13 and Phlebia sp. 99-335 reduced the dry weights of the whole cultures with these substrates more than the dry weights of the respective
original substrates after 30 days of culture, showing definite cellulose degradation. In the cultures with more than 10 test
fungi including Pycnoporus coccineus 84-117, such weight losses did not occur. This assay technique for the primary screening for cellulose degrading fungi is
simple, inexpensive, reproducible and accurate. 相似文献
92.
Questions: Do plant characteristics predict microsite colonization in severe habitats dominated by abiotic factors? Specifically, does colonization of microsites differ among shrubs, forbs and grasses or between wind‐ and water‐dispersed plants, non‐native and native plants, or N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing plants? Location: Kowhai River floodplain, Kaikoura, South Island, New Zealand. Methods: Five microsite characteristics were measured for > 1000 individuals representing 27 colonizing plant species on a two‐year old surface of a primary succession on a New Zealand floodplain. The microsite characteristics included surface contour (convex, concave, or flat), the position of the plant (e.g., upstream, downstream) relative to the closest rock with > 20 cm maximum dimension, the distance to that same rock, the depth of the base of the stem below the surface of a plane resting on the adjacent microrelief, and soil particle size (gravel, pebbles or sand). Results: All plants preferred concave microsites near large rocks relative to systematically placed null points. We found no clear preferences for microhabitats by dispersal mode, native vs. non‐native status, or plants with or without nitrogen‐fixing symbionts, but grasses preferentially colonized fine soil particles. Highly variable responses among species contributed to these results. Better predictability of microsite preference was obtained for individual species than forplants grouped by characteristics. Conclusions Our results suggest that in severe habitats with strong abiotic filters and low microsite availability, such as found in early primary succession, coarse categories of species characteristics are poor predictors of colonization success. 相似文献
93.
缙云山四川大头茶树木年轮生长动态与气候因子关系的研究 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
应用相关分析、逐步回归、数字滤波以及功率谱方法对四川缙云山四川大头茶年轮生长动态进行了分析研究,通过数学模型滤除树木本身生长的遗传因素及定年后,建立了缙云山青龙寨和香炉峰的树木年轮年表。结果表明,四川大头茶年轮中保存的信息量较大,两地点年轮年表与其生长环境重庆地区的年降水量相关密切,可以用该年表表征重庆地区的降水情况。气象因子与四川大头茶年轮宽度间的统计数学模型为:Y=-2.19+0.00747J1+0.00612J2+0.00140J3+0.00384J4+0.00371J5+0.0731T1+0.0564T5,年轮的功率谱密度值随波数的分布不均匀,由年轮宽度变异的功率谱周期分析揭示了树木生长环境2、11~12、22年左右的降水波动周期。树木年轮表的建立与分析,是研究森林生态系统动态及环境历史变迁的重要途径. 相似文献
94.
Brigitte Müller Wolfgang Burgstaller Hermann Strasser Angelo Zanella Franz Schinner 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1995,14(3-4):208-212
Summary Heterotrophic microorganisms are able to solubilize metals via excreted metabolites-most often di- or tricarboxylic acids but also amino acids. With amino acids Cu, Zn, Au, Ni, U, Hg and Sb have been solubilized from metal oxides, metal sulfides or elementary metals. In this work it was investigated if excreted amino acids play a role in the leaching of zinc from a zinc oxide containing industrial filter dust. Two bacteria-Pseudomonas putida andCorynebacterium glutamicum-and a fungus-Penicillium simplicissimum were used.P. putida andP. Simplicissimum have already been used to solubilize zinc oxide, whereasC. glutamicum was used because of its known ability to excrete amino acids. Amino acids in culture fluids were analyzed via derivatization with phenyl isothiocyanate, separation on a RP-18 column and UV-detection. All three microorganisms solubilized zinc from the filter dust and excreted much more citric acid than amino acids. Thus citric acid rather than amino acids was regarded to be the leaching agent. Of the two bacteriaP. putida was more resistant towards the heavy metalcontaining filter dust. 相似文献
95.
Intensity analysis in time-frequency space of surface myoelectric signals by wavelets of specified resolution 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Surface myoelectric signals often appear to carry more information than what is resolved in root mean square analysis of the progress curves or in its power spectrum. Time-frequency analysis of myoelectric signals has not yet led to satisfactory results in respect of separating simultaneous events in time and frequency. In this study a time-frequency analysis of the intensities in time series was developed. This intensity analysis uses a filter bank of non-linearly scaled wavelets with specified time-resolution to extract time-frequency aspects of the signal. Special procedures were developed to calculate intensity in such a way as to approximate the power of the signal in time. Applied to an EMG signal the intensity analysis was called a functional EMG analysis. The method resolves events within the EMG signal. The time when the events occur and their intensity and frequency distribution are well resolved in the intensity patterns extracted from the EMG signal. Averaging intensity patterns from multiple experiments resolve repeatable functional aspects of muscle activation. Various properties of the functional EMG analysis were shown and discussed using model EMG data and real EMG data. 相似文献
96.
Ana M. Cingolani Marcelo Cabido Diego E. Gurvich Daniel Renison Sandra Díaz 《植被学杂志》2007,18(6):911-920
Question: Is the response of plant traits to environment at the community level similar when considering species abundance and when considering species presence only? Location: Mountain grasslands, central Argentina. Methods: We used data from 57 floristic samples, ordinated through DCCA along moisture and grazing gradients combined with trait values from 85 species (plant height, leaf area, leaf thickness leaf toughness and SLA). For each sample, we calculated the weighted average (considering species abundance) and the simple average (considering only species presence). Through multiple regressions we analysed how each average (dependent variable) responded to moisture and grazing (DCCA scores along Axes 1 and 2, respectively, as independent variables). Results: Weighted averages of all traits were significantly associated to both gradients, while simple averages did not always respond. In some cases the responses followed similar but weaker trends than the responses of weighted averages, but in other cases these responses were qualitatively different. Traits more associated with size (plant height, leaf area, leaf thickness) responded more consistently (similar trends for both averages) to grazing than to moisture, while traits more associated with plant resource acquisition (SLA, leaf toughness) responded more consistently to moisture than to grazing. Conclusion: The trait values and combinations which determine the probability of species presence are not necessary the same as those which determine their probability of becoming abundant. To understand community assembly rules, both species presence and species abundance should be taken into account as the result of different, although closely linked, filtering processes. 相似文献
97.
98.
Yiqing Chen Zhidong Fan Lixia Ma Juan Yin Man Luo Wangfeng Cai 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2014,21(5):450-456
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a major malodorous compound emitted from wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the performance of three pilot-scale immobilized-cell biotrickling filters (BTFs) spacked with combinations of bamboo charcoal and ceramsite in different ratios was investigated in terms of H2S removal. Extensive tests were performed to determine the removal characteristics, pressure drops, metabolic products, and removal kinetics of the BTFs. The BTFs were operated in continuous mode at low loading rates varying from 0.59 to 5.00 g H2S m−3 h−1 with an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 25 s. The removal efficiency (RE) for each BTF was >99% in the steady-state period, and high standards were met for the exhaust gas. It was found that a multilayer BTF had a slight advantage over a perfectly mixed BTF for the removal of H2S. Furthermore, an impressive amount >97% of the H2S was eliminated by 10% of packing materials near the inlet of the BTF. The modified Michaelis–Menten equation was adopted to describe the characteristics of the BTF, and Ks and Vm values for the BTF with pure bamboo charcoal packing material were 3.68 ppmv and 4.26 g H2S m−3 h−1, respectively. Both bamboo charcoal and ceramsite demonstrated good performance as packing materials in BTFs for the removal of H2S, and the results of this study could serve as a guide for further design and operation of industrial-scale systems. 相似文献
99.
Marie-Jeanne Bouchet Patrice Jacques Brigitte Ilien Maurice Goeldner Christian Hirth 《Journal of neurochemistry》1992,59(4):1405-1413
m-Sulfonate benzene diazonium chloride (MSBD) was used to affinity-label the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding site from rat brain membranes. To assess the irreversibility of the labeling reaction, we used an efficient ligand dissociation procedure combined to a rapid [3H]muscimol binding assay, both steps being performed on filter-adsorbed membranes. Inactivation of specific [3H]-muscimol binding sites by MSBD and its prevention by GABA were both time- and concentration-dependent. The time course of MSBD labeling was shortened as the pH of the incubation medium was increased from 6.2 to 8. These data suggest that MSBD can efficiently label the GABA binding site through alkylation of a residue having an apparent dissociation constant around neutrality. 相似文献
100.
A. K. Hilaly M. N. Karim J. C. Linden 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1994,13(2):83-89
Summary An automated system was developed for on-line monitoring and control of xylose fermentation by a recombinantEscherichia coli. A 7-L fermenter was interfaced with a personal computer. Control circuits were constructed and a software was developed to estimate the states of the fermentation using an Extended Kalman Filter. The automated system combined with the Extended Kalman Filter provided a satisfactory way to obtain on-line information regarding estimation of fermentation parameters. 相似文献