Zinc status is independently related to the bone mineral density,fracture risk assessment tool result,and bone fracture history: Results from a U.S. nationally representative survey

PurposePrevious reports have identified the important role of zinc in bone health. Although the risk of zinc deficiency is still a concern in the U.S., there has never been an in-depth study of the association between zinc status and bone health in a sample representing the country.MethodsWe included 2,895 subjects (aged ≥ 40 years) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 to explore the relationship among three biomarkers of zinc (serum, food, and total intake), the bone mineral density (BMD) of the total spine and femur, the FRAX® scores, and the previous history of bone fractures.ResultsWe showed a one-unit increase in the ln-serum zinc level was associated with an increase in the total spine BMD (ß = 0.068; S.E. = 0.028; P = 0.030) and total femur BMD (ß = 0.061; S.E. = 0.017; P = 0.003), while a one-unit increase in the ln-food zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in the participants (ß = 0.023; S.E. = 0.009; P = 0.021). The ln-total zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in women (ß = 0.016; S.E. = 0.007; P = 0.041). We also found food zinc intake was negatively correlated with the FRAX® score, while increased levels of all three zinc biomarkers were associated with a decreased incidence of previous bone fractures.ConclusionsIn this representative survey of American adults above 40 years old, higher zinc status was associated with higher total spine and femoral BMD, lower FRAX® scores, and lower incidence of previous fractures. If this finding is causal, increased zinc intake remains an important issue for Americans.     

应用DOS批处理文件配置新版NCRE考试服务器

根据全国计算机等级考试(NCRE)考试服务器设置的需要,介绍了相关DOS命令的使用,并编写了设置NCRE考试服务器的DOS批处理文件。一方面充分展示了DOS命令及DOS批处理文件的强大功能,而且在NCRE考试服务器的设置等需要进行大量重复操作的场合,相对使用Windows操作可以显著地提高工作效率、减轻劳动强度。     

Correcting biases in estimates of mortality attributable to obesity

Objective: To assess whether a recent study that found a relatively small number of excess deaths attributable to obesity may have underestimated by not correcting for statistical biases. Research Methods and Procedures: This prospective cohort study used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow‐Up Study. Survival analyses were conducted using 9690 individuals 32 to 87 years of age and 1886 all‐cause deaths during a 9.1‐year follow‐up. Corrections were made for the reputed regression‐dilution bias by using the average BMI during the decade before follow‐up as predictor. Corrections for the reputed reverse‐causation bias were made by excluding participants with a history of serious illness. Attributable fractions were calculated and used to estimate excess deaths. Results: The uncorrected estimate of excess deaths attributable to obesity (BMI ≥30) was 41.9, using 18.5 to 25 kg/m² as ideal‐weight category. Using average BMI as predictor increased the estimate to 93.3. Correcting for reverse‐causation effects increased the estimate further to 131.1 (range, 93.3 to 169.0). The uncorrected hazard ratio, 1.25, was increased to 1.41 by using average BMI as predictor, and then to 2.40 by correcting for reverse causation. Using BMI 21 to 25 kg/m² and 23 to 25 kg/m² as ideal‐weight categories increased the corrected estimates to 144.6 (range, 80.5 to 177.2) and 164.1 (range, 103.8 to 194.9), respectively. Larger increases were found for overweight and Grade 2 to 4 obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m²). For overweight, the uncorrected estimate using 18.5 to 25 kg/m² as ideal‐weight category was ?88.3 and the corrected estimate using 23 to 25 kg/m² as ideal‐weight category was 205.4 (range, 114.5 to 296.3). Discussion: Correcting for statistical biases and using higher ideal‐weight categories increased the estimate of excess deaths attributable to obesity by ～400% and changed the negative estimate for overweight to a large positive estimate.     

A Modern Biology Syllabus at O-level

The biotic indexing of water quality and its application to A-level field work is discussed with reference to the Trent Biotic Index and Chandler Score system. These indices are related to the classification of water quality used by the Department of the Environment in the River Pollution surveys of 1970 and 1975.

The interpretation of these indices is also considered and their limitations are discussed.     

豆科黄结属模式及其相关种名的考证

长期以来,Ｔermopsis lanceolata R.Br.被误认为是黄华属的模式。根据有关文献考证和国际植物命名法规,作者为认Ｔ.;lanceoltata是一个不合法名,黄华属的合法模式应为Ｔhermopsis Lupinoides(L.)Link.分布于东北亚,花具互生花的黄华长期被误定为Ｔ。lupinoides(L.)Link,应更正为Ｔhermopsis fabacea(Pall)DC.。     

猪源链球菌溶血性的检测

用平板法和上清法检测了19株猪源链球菌的溶血性,并通过加入还原剂或氧化剂分别作活化和抑制试验,对各菌株溶血素的性质做了初步鉴定,其中8株猪链球菌2型菌株在血平板上的溶血性较弱,仅为α溶血或弱β溶血,但在THB和5%血清THB中都可产生很强的溶血性,其溶血性可被还原剂活化,被氧化剂和胆固醇所抑制,卵磷脂对其活性则没有影响,属于巯基活化类（类SLO）溶血素,9株马链球菌兽疫亚种菌株在血平板上呈显的β溶血,在不含血清THB中不能产生溶血性,在含血清的THB中可产生较强的溶血性,其活性不被还原剂活化,不被氧化剂抑制,胆固醇能抑制大部分活性,卵磷脂则可全部抑制,属于类SLS溶血素,两株非典型兰氏C群链球菌菌株在血平板上呈显的β溶血,在THB中显示了非常强的溶血性,其活性不被还原剂活化,不被氧化剂抑制或卵磷脂抑制,但被胆固醇强烈抑制,属于非SLO,非SLS溶血素。     

模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践

模块化微生物学实验教学可提高本科生的探究能力和实验技能综合运用能力。本文介绍了我校模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践。首先,构建综合性、研究型模块化教学内容体系。教学内容体系由“环境微生物多样性调查”、“功能微生物的筛选鉴定、培养条件优化与选育”和“水质微生物学检验”3个模块共计12个单元实验组成。模块实验内容设计把握3个原则：重视学生基本实验技能培训与探究性学习引导;加强单元实验间的内容衔接,保证模块实验的连贯性;注重内容精炼,步骤简化,充分考虑学生的学习负荷。其次,实行教学研讨会制度,组织教师总结上周实验的得失,讨论和优化本周的实验内容和步骤,建设与模块化微生物实验课教学体系相适应的高水平教学队伍。最后,建立与模块化微生物学实验课教学体系相匹配的多样化考核方式,包括每个单元实验的通过性评价,期末进行操作性实验考试,将撰写单元实验报告改为撰写模块实验论文,突出学生的综合能力和思考能力评价,组织优秀实验成果展示活动,实行激励性评价。     

Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of cellular mechanism and disease progression

Mass spectrometry(MS)-based omics technologies are now widely used to profile small molecules in multiple matrices to confer comprehensive snapshots of cellular metabolic phenotypes.The metabolomes of cells,tissues,and organisms comprise a variety of molecules including lipids,amino acids,sugars,organic acids,and so on.Metabolomics mainly focus on the hydrophilic classes,while lipidomics has emerged as an independent omics owing to the complexities of the organismal lipidomes.The potential roles of lipids and small metabolites in disease pathogenesis have been widely investigated in various human diseases,but system-level understanding is largely lacking,which could be partly attributed to the insufficiency in terms of metabolite coverage and quantitation accuracy in current analytical technologies.While scientists are continuously striving to develop high-coverage omics approaches,integration of metabolomics and lipidomics is becoming an emerging approach to mechanistic investigation.Integration of metabolome and lipidome offers a complete atlas of the metabolic landscape,enabling comprehensive network analysis to identify critical metabolic drivers in disease pathology,facilitating the study of interconnection between lipids and other metabolites in disease progression.In this review,we summarize omics-based findings on the roles of lipids and metabolites in the pathogenesis of selected major diseases threatening public health.We also discuss the advantages of integrating lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism in disease pathogenesis.     

基于“岗课赛证”四元融通的“食品微生物检验技术”教学改革与实践

“岗课赛证”四元融通是以课程为中心，将岗位、竞赛和职业证书有机融合于课程的一种教学改革模式。本课程团队以“岗课赛证”融合育人为抓手，通过以岗定课、以赛促课、以证融课的方式，全面实施高等职业院校“食品微生物检验技术”课程教学改革。基于企业岗位能力需求和典型工作任务，开展模块化、项目式教学；以技能竞赛和创新创业大赛为载体，赛教融合，激发学生成长的内生动力，提升学生职业综合素质；基于“1+X”证书制度，课程标准与技能证书标准对接，优化教学资源。通过近三年的教学实践，证实基于“岗课赛证”的“食品微生物检验技术”教学改革能够有效提高学生职业竞争力，满足企业和社会对岗位人才的需求，为职业教育食品专业相关课程改革提供参考。