粒单系造血祖细胞(CFU-GM)琼脂半固体培养的原位固定及鉴定染色

用粒单系造血祖细胞（CFU－GM）体外琼脂半固体培养法,琼脂块原位固定,Wright染色与细胞化学和免疫细胞化学技术,对培养人的骨髓CFU－GM进行集落性质鉴定,结果表明：Wright染色能区别集落的性质及细胞的分化程度：CFU－GM的细胞中PAS、POX呈阳性反应;CD14、CD15分别在单核细胞和粒细胞的胞浆或胞膜上表达。该方法对鉴定细胞集落类型、集落中细胞的分化与成熟程度是简便可靠的手段。     

原位杂交技术在检测染色体畸变中的研究

实验运用原位杂交技术检测肿瘤组织的染色体畸变。用3、7、8、9、12号染色体着丝粒特异性DNA探针,分别对外周静脉血的淋巴细胞、新鲜实体瘤组织、瘤组织石蜡切片进行染色体检测。二个染色体杂交点代表一对正常的染色体、三个染色体杂交点显示该细胞有染色体三体。整个实验过程简单、快速、准确、易重复。此方法和传统的细胞遗传学方法相结合,对探讨肿瘤的发生、发展有很大的意义。     

药物诱导的玉米根尖细胞凋亡

同时应用ＤＮＡ Ｌａｄｄｅｒｉｎｇ、ＤＮＡ Ｇｅｌ Ｂｌｏｔ以及基于染色体涂片 原位末端标记技术,从染色体、细胞核和ＤＮＡ不同水平对细胞毒素类药和的放线菌Ｄ、放线菌酮和秋水仙碱诱导的玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．）根尖分生组织细胞死亡作了检测。结果表明：同动物中一样,这些药物诱导的玉米根尖分生组织细胞死亡也具有ＤＮＡ Ｌａｄｄｅｒ、染色质和细胞核浓缩等典型的调亡特征,说明这些细胞毒素类药物能够诱导植     

A Review of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH): Current Status and Future Prospects

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful technique for detecting DNA or RNA sequences in cells, tissues and tumors. This molecular cytogenetic technique enables the localization of specific DNA sequences within interphase chromatin and metaphase chromosomes and the identification of both structural and numerical chromosome changes. FISH is quickly becoming one of the most extensively used cytochemical staining techniques owing to its sensitivity and versatility, and with the improvement of current technology and cost effectiveness, its use will surely continue to expand. Here we review the wide variety of current applications and future prospects of FISH technology.     

Cytological characterization of heterochromatin and rDNA inPinus radiata andP. taeda

Fluorochrome C-banding ofPinus radiata andP. taeda metaphase chromosomes showed many pericentromeric DAPI bands and interstitial CMA bands inP. radiata, and centromeric and interstitial CMA bands inP. taeda. Giemsa C-band patterns differed between the species with centromeric bands inP. radiata but no consistent bands inP. taeda. A karyotype ofP. radiata was developed based on banding patterns that distinguished all but two of the 12 pairs of chromosomes. In situ hybridization (ISH) using probes for high-copy ribosomal DNA (rDNA) showed 10 pairs of 18S–25S sites and two pairs of 5S sites in both species. Most of the sites were interstitial or centromeric.     

八倍体小滨麦染色体组构成的分子细胞遗传学研究

应用基因组荧光原位杂交技术对６种类型的八倍体小滨麦（ｏｃｔｏｐｌｏｉｄ Ｔｒｉｔｉｌｅｙｍｕｓ）的染色体结构成进行了分子细胞遗传学分析。结果表明,６种八倍体小滨麦的体细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝５６。用滨麦（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓ ｍｏｌｌｉｓ （Ｔ ｒｉｎ．） Ｈａｔａ）（染色体组为ＪＪＮＮ）ＤＮＡ作控针进行原位杂 时,Ｍ８４２－４、Ｍ８４２－８、Ｍ８４２－１２、Ｍ８４２－１３和Ｍ８４２－１６等５种类型八倍体     

荧光原位杂交分析小麦-簇毛麦杂种减数分裂与染色体易位

利用基因组ＤＮＡ荧光原位杂交技术详细地研究了小麦－簇毛麦杂种染色体的减数分裂和配对行为,结果表明,在中期Ⅰ,小麦和簇毛麦染色体多呈两个单价体,在０．３％的ＰＭＣ中小麦与簇毛麦染色体发生配对;在后期Ⅰ时,单价体错分裂频率为３２．７％－３７．５％,另有０．７％的小麦－簇毛麦染色体重组易位出现;后期Ⅱ时,断列染色体的频率为２０．５％－２２．４％,还发现有０．８２％－１．７２％的自发易位染色体形成,此外,     

应用基因组原位杂交及RFLP标记鉴定小麦中的大麦染色体

用生物素（Biotin-6-dUTP)标记的大麦Betzes基因组DNA作探针,以普通小麦中国春总DNA作封阻进行基因组原位杂交（Genomeinsituhybridization,简称GISH）,从13株小麦-大麦杂交后代中鉴定出2个含有3条大麦Betzes2H染色体的材料（2n＝43）;2个2H单体异代换系（2n＝42）;7个2H二体异代换系（2n＝42）。用已定位在小麦第2部分同源群短臂上的探针psr131进行RFLP分析,结果表明大麦Betzes、代换系A5有1条区别于小麦中国春的特异带,A     

重金属污染土壤原位化学固定修复研究进展

重金属污染土壤原位化学固定修复是通过添加不同外源物质固定土壤中重金属元素,达到降低重金属迁移性和生物有效性的一种重要方法.由于操作方便和效果快速,使其在污染土壤治理过程中有着不可代替的作用,尤其对于耕作土壤中的面源污染.许多具有俘获土壤中重金属离子能力的自然物质和工业副产品如磷矿石、泥炭土、石灰和有机肥等都可用在实地的固定修复中.采用实验室评价和实地应用评价,一方面可以评估这些固定物质在土壤中对重金属离子的固定效率;另一方面可以评估重金属的溶出、释放和生物毒性等生态风险.本文对原位修复过程中采用的不同固定物质的来源和分类进行了概述,对化学固定过程的机理进行了探讨,同时阐述了重金属污染土壤化学固定修复应用过程中的实验室评价和实地应用评价方法,分析了化学固定修复的局限性并提出了今后的发展方向.     

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a Wheat-Thinopyron intermedium (Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey Partial Amphiploid Resistant to Powdery Mildew

Wide cross and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to transfer the powdery mildew resistance gene from Thinopyron intermedium (Host) Barkworth & DR Dewey to wheat. Among the progeny of crossing common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yannong 15 with Th. intermedium, a partial amphiploid E990256, with resistance to powdery mildew, was developed. It had 56 chromosomes and could form 28bivalents in pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. Resistance verification by race 15 at the seedling stage and by mixed strains of Erysiphales gramnis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal at the adult stage showed it was immune to powdery mildew at both stages. Gene postulation via 21 isolates of E. gramnis f. sp. tritici and 29 differential hosts showed it was nearly immune to all the isolates used, and its resistance pattem was different from all the mildew resistance genes used, which indicated it probably contained a new resistance gene to powdery mildew. Biochemical verification showed it might convey different Th. intermedium chromosomes from those of the wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids Zhong 1-5. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis by using St genomic DNA as the probe showed E990256 contained a recombination genome of St and E.