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51.
R. Habib 《Plant and Soil》1988,108(2):267-274
A method is proposed for estimating the total length of a root system from sub-samples. This method is based on the measurement
of the length and diameter of small pieces of roots, and on the measurements of the bulk density of root sub-samples. It is
assumed that roots are cylinders with a given bulk density. The length and diameter of small root pieces are measured by image
analysis. A weighted quadratic mean (W.Q.M.) root diameter is then calculated and used in estimating the root length. This
W.Q.M. diameter is defined as the real mean diameter of an equivalent single root with the same length and volume as the tested
root system. The accuracy of prediction is demonstrated for one theoretical root system. The standard deviation of estimation
can be calculated using sampling simulations. 相似文献
52.
K. M. Song T. C. Osborn P. H. Williams 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1988,76(4):593-600
Summary Preliminary analysis using nuclear RFLPs provided evidence that subspecies within Brassica rapa originated from two different centers. One center is in Europe, represented by turnip and turnip rape from which the oilseed sarson was derived. A second center is in South China containing a variety of Chinese vegetables of which pak choi and narinosa seem to be the most ancient forms. Based on RFLP data, the accessions of B. oleracea examined could be divided into three distinct groups, represented by thousand head kale, broccoli and cabbage. Thousand head kale and Chinese kale appear to be the primitive types. Observations of parallel variation among subspecies of both species are discussed. 相似文献
53.
54.
图论在中国慈姑属数量分类研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
.黄德世;.钟扬;.陈家宽 《武汉植物学研究》1988,6(4):405-406
慈姑属(Sagittaria L.)是水生单子叶植物泽泻科(Alismataceae)的一个重要属。近年来,陈家宽等对中国慈姑属进行了系统研究。作者应用聚类分析和主成分分析进行了中国慈姑属的数量分类,取得了良好的效果。由于慈姑属分类性状数目较大,因而在压缩后的三维空间中描述分类群间的距离, 相似文献
55.
56.
本文分析了我国特产树种云杉Picea asperata的核型,K(2n)=24=20m+4sm,属2A类型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=2L+12M_2+SM_1+2S。云杉属植物(22种、变种)的核型全由臂比小于2的中部和近中着丝粒染色体构成,是较为原始的核型。根据松科各属核型的比较,作者讨论了云杉属的亲缘关系和进化地位,并得到形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、植化学、生化学及古植物学等的支持。 相似文献
57.
Tomohiko Suzuki Akio Nakamura Yoshiaki Satoh Chisato Inai Takahiro Furukohri Tomikazu Arita 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1992,11(6):629-633
The blood clamBarbatia virescens has a heterodimeric hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Interestingly, the congeneric clamsB. reeveana andB. lima contain quite different hemoglobins: tetramer and polymeric hemoglobin consisting of unusual didomain chain. The complete amino acid sequence of chain I ofB. virescens has been determined. The sequence was mainly determined from CNBr peptides and their subpeptides, and the alignment of the peptides was confirmed by sequencing of PCR-amplified cDNA forB. virescens chain I. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequence matched completely with the sequence proposed from protein sequencing.B. virescens chain I is composed of 156 amino acid residues, and the molecular mass was calculated to be 18,387 D, including a heme group. The sequence ofB. virescens chain I showed 35–42% sequence identity with those of the related clamAnadara trapezia and the congeneric clamB. reeveana. An evolutionary tree forAnadara andBarbatia chains clearly indicates that all of the chains are evolved from one ancestral globin gene, and that the divergence of chains has occurred in each clam after the speciation. The evolutionary rate for clam hemoglobins was estimated to be about four times faster than that of vertebrate hemoglobin. We suggest that blood clam hemoglobin is a physiologically less important molecule when compared with vertebrate hemoglobins, and so it evolved rapidly and resulted in a remarkable diversity in quaternary and subunit structure within a relatively short period. 相似文献
58.
Pot and field experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and at three field sites (Marondera, Domboshawa and Makoholi) in
Zimbabwe to examine the effects of soils and fertilizers on nutrient uptake and growth of 6 exotic tree species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala, Casuarina cunninghamiana, and Acacia holosericea). Plant growth, N and P contents of all species were increased by the application of N, P, K and micronutrient fertilizers.
The effect of individual nutrients (N, P, K and micronutrients) and their combination on Eucalyptus species was further investigated
in a pot experiment using soil from Domboshawa. Eucalyptus species responded only to N application and no significant interactions
were found between N and the other elements. Nutrient uptake results showed that E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis removed more cations than the N-fixing trees but only in the fertilized treatments. L. leucocephala and C. cunninghamiana were higher in P, but no clear trends were observed for N. Plant growth and nutrient uptake by E. camaldulensis. C. cunninghamiana and A. holosericea were assessed in the field at the three sites. Plant species grown in the Marondera site had greater height and diameter
at breast height (DBH) than those in the two other sites. These results followed trends in soil nutrient contents. The analysis
of foliage revealed differences in the nutrient concentration of leaves from different trees, but no effect of site was found.
The interrelationships between plant characteristics, soil and foliage nutrients were examined. In a pot experiment, mineral
N was the only variable correlated with growth response and nutrient uptake, while in the field the only significant correlation
was obtained with soil pH. 相似文献
59.
Abstract. Gas exchange measurements were performed to test the hypothesis that failure of stomata to open in senescing leaves of Nicotiana glauca is caused by elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in the intercellular spaces of leaf mesophyll tissue (ci ). Senescing leaves selected for experiments were completely chlorotic and lacked positive rates of photosynthesis. When stomata in detached epidermis from senescing leaves were illuminated in CO2-free air, they opened to similar apertures as those in detached epidermis from nonsenescing leaves. To compare the effects of changes in ci on stomatal responses of the two leaf types, leaf 'flags' of either nonsenescing or senescing leaves were illuminated at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 500 μmol m−2 s−1 in a gas exchange cuvette. Leaf temperatures were maintained at 23.5 ± 0.5°C, and vapour pressure differences between leaves and the air were maintained between 0.70 and 0.75kPa. Ci was adjusted by changing external concentrations of carbon dioxide in air circulating through the cuvette. Conductances and photosynthetic rates of nonsenescing leaves changed in response to changes in ci , but neither the conductances nor the photosynthetic rates of senescing leaves were affected significantly by changes in q. We conclude that guard cells of senescing leaves of Nicotiana glauca do not lose the capacity to respond to changes in carbon dioxide concentration and that increases in ci resulting from declining rates of mesophyll photosynthesis are not the sole cause of maintenance of stomatal closure during leaf senescence. The data suggest that factors external to guard cells may prevent them from responding to changes in carbon dioxide concentrations in intact senescing leaves. 相似文献
60.
J. G. Ollason 《Biology & philosophy》1991,6(1):81-92
This paper considers a variety of attempts to define fitness in such a way as to defend the theory of evolution by natural
selection from the criticism that it is a circular argument. Each of the definitions is shown to be inconsistent with the
others. The paper argues that the environment in which an animal evolves can be defined only with respect to the properties
of the phenotype of the animal and that it is therefore not illuminating to try to explain the phenotypic properties of the
animal in terms of adaptation to an environment that is defined by those very properties. Furthermore, since there is no way
that the environment can be defined independently of the presence of the animal there is no way that the quality of an animal
can be assessed; and there can be no objective criteria by whichany form of selection can be carried out, therefore there can be no criteria by whichnatural selection can be carried out. It is proposed that fitness is nothing more than the production of offspring, that this is
a phenotypic property like all the others, and if it is heritable then the offspring of the parents that produce the most
offspring will themselves produce the most offspring, and that in principle it is impossible to account for this in terms
of the other phenotypic properties of the fittest animals except by circular argument. Differential rates of reproduction
are the causes of evolution and the phenotypic causes are strictly inexplicable. 相似文献