三个种群有尾和断尾丽斑麻蜥的选择体温、表面活动和摄食量

用2006年4-6月捕自长安(陕西)、共和(青海)、哈尔滨(黑龙江)三个地理隔离种群尾部完整的丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)成年雄体检测断尾对选择体温、表面活动(表面调温个体数)和摄食量的影响。各种群个体均分为实验和对照组,在距尾基部10 mm处切除实验组蜥蜴尾部,获得断尾个体。实验和对照组个体饲养在相同的实验室条件下收集相关数据,历时四周。表面活动的种群间差异是不同种群个体对其所处区域热环境长期适应的结果。断尾个体减少表面活动见于所有三个种群,表明尾自切能导致丽斑麻蜥活动水平的改变。同一种群断尾和有尾个体表面活动的时间格局无显著差异,不同种群表面活动的时间格局无显著差异,这些结果表明丽斑麻蜥白天活动节律具有种的特异性,不受断尾影响。丽斑麻蜥选择体温随纬度或海拔升高而降低,这种变化趋势可能是热环境制约的结果。所有三个种群断尾个体的选择体温均低于有尾个体,表明断尾可改变丽斑麻蜥的体温调定点。丽斑麻蜥摄食量存在种群间差异,长安种群蜥蜴的摄食量显著大于共和种群蜥蜴。三个种群断尾个体均未增加摄食以满足尾再生的额外能量需求,表明增加摄食不是该种蜥蜴补偿断尾能量代价的对     

温湿度对山地麻蜥孵化卵、孵化成功率及孵出幼体特征的影响

用 6种温湿度条件孵化安徽宿州乾山山地麻蜥 (Eremiasbrenchleyi)卵 ,观测孵化卵质量变化、胚胎利用卵内物质和能量以及孵出幼体特征。卵在产出后 1h内收集 ,共设置 3× 2种温湿度处理 (温度分别为2 7、 30和 33℃ ;湿度分别为 - 2 2 0、 0kPa)。每隔 5d称卵重 ,直至幼体孵出。幼体经测量、称重后 ,解剖、分离为躯干、剩余卵黄和脂肪体三组分 ,用于成分测试。卵从环境中吸水导致质量增加 ,孵化温、湿度及其相互作用显著影响孵化卵的质量变化 :同一温度下 ,高湿度 (0kPa)孵化卵的终末质量大于低湿度 (- 2 2 0kPa)孵化卵 ;同一湿度下 ,低温 (2 7和 30℃ )孵化卵的终末质量大于高温 (33℃ )孵化卵。温度显著影响孵化期 ,随温度的升高孵化期缩短 ;湿度及其与温度的相互作用对孵化期无显著影响。孵化温湿度对孵化成功率无显著影响。温度显著影响胚胎对卵内物质的动用、幼体大小、质量以及剩余卵黄质量 ;除剩余卵黄外 ,湿度及其与温度的相互作用不影响山地麻蜥孵出幼体几乎所有的被检测特征。 33℃孵出幼体的大小和质量均显著小于 2 7和 30℃ ,并特征性地具有较大的剩余卵黄。因此 ,33℃不适宜孵化山地麻蜥卵。 2 7℃和 30℃中孵出幼体躯干发育良好 ,各项被测定的特征指标极其相似。     

Food restriction affects maternal investment but not neonate phenotypes in a viviparous lizard

Food availability significantly affects an animal's energy metabolism,and thus its phenotype,survival,and reproduction.Maternal and offspring responses to food conditions are critical for understanding population dynamics and life-history evolution of a species.In this study,we conducted food manipulation experiments in field enclosures to identify the effect of food restriction on female reproductive traits and postpartum body condition,as well as on hatchling phenotypes,in a lacertid viviparous lizard from the Inner Mongolian desert steppe of China.Females under low-food availability treatment (LFT) had poorer immune function and body condition compared with those under high-food availability treatment (HFT).The food availability treatments significantly affected the litter size and litter mass of the females,but not their gestation period in captivity or brood success,or the body size,sprint speed,and sex ratio of the neonates.Females from the LFT group had smaller litter sizes and,therefore,lower litter mass than those from the HFT group.These results suggest that female racerunners facing food restriction lay fewer offspring with unchanged body size and locomotor performance,and incur a cost in the form of poor postpartum body condition and immune function.The flexibility of maternal responses to variable food availability represents an important life strategy that could enhance the resistance of lizards to unpredictable environmental change.     

山地麻蜥消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

目的应用六种胃肠激素抗血清对山地麻蜥消化道内分泌细胞的形态、分布及密度进行研究。方法应用SABC免疫组织化学方法。结果5-HT-IR细胞在消化道各段均有分布,而以胃幽门部位最高,十二指肠部位密度其次,食管、回肠、直肠段密度最低。SS-IR细胞分布于从食道至回肠的消化道各段,而以胃幽门部位密度最高,Glu-IR细胞仅分布于胃体和幽门部位,Gas-IR细胞、SP-IR细胞、PP-IR细胞在消化道各段均未检出。结论与其他爬行动物比较,山地麻蜥消化系统内分泌细胞的这种分布既显示了爬行类动物内分泌细胞分布的一定共性,又显示了一定的种间差异。     

鄂尔多斯丽斑麻蜥两性异形及繁殖输出

两性异形和雌性繁殖输出是丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)种群生活史研究的重要内容。本文研究了丽斑麻蜥成体两性异形及雌性繁殖输出,研究用的95条怀卵雌体和38条(18♂、20♀)成体于2013年6月及8月捕自内蒙古鄂尔多斯。被测形态特征有体重、头体长、头长、头高、头宽、上臂长、前臂长、腕指长、大腿长、小腿长、踝趾长、腋跨距和尾长;怀卵雌性个体在实验室条件下饲养至产卵,称量产后母体体重、卵重,记录窝卵数。丽斑麻蜥成体存在两性异形,表现为雄性个体的头部、四肢长及尾长都显著大于雌性,腋跨距显著小于雌性。本实验中最小的产卵雌体头体长为44.0 mm,产卵期在6月4日至7月15日,窝卵数2~5枚,平均2.9枚,窝卵数(P=0.043)、窝卵重(P=0.026)与头体长显著正相关,相对窝卵重(P=0.001)与头体长负相关;窝卵数(P=0.000)、卵均重(P=0.000)与窝卵重显著正相关,窝卵数与卵均重不显著负相关(P=0.200)。     

Influence of ambient temperature on maternal thermoregulation and neonate phenotypes in a viviparous lizard, Eremias multiocellata, during the gestation period

To assess the potential gestational effects on post-hatching morphology, locomotor performance, and early growth rate, we maintained gravid Eremias multiocellata under four constant treatment temperatures (25, 29, 31, and 35 °C). Ambient temperature had significant effects on some morphometric traits of offspring, including tail length, head size, forelimb length and hindlimb length, but not on body mass or snout-vent length. The data of females' body temperature indirectly support the maternal manipulation hypothesis. Juvenile E. multiocellata had better locomotor performance and faster early growth rate at 29 °C than at the other three treatment temperatures (25, 31, and 35 °C). Our results suggest that gestation temperature may be optimized at 29 °C for E. multiocellata from Tianzhu, Gansu Province, China.     

荒漠麻蜥骨骼系统的解剖及与相近科属蜥蜴骨骼特征比较

采用透明骨骼染色法,观测了荒漠麻蜥Eremias przewaskii比较完整的骨骼系统,对其各部分骨骼组成、形态和位置作了详细的描述,为麻蜥属的分类及演化提供骨骼方面的基础资料。其骨骼可分为中轴骨骼(包括头骨、脊柱、胸骨和肋骨)和附肢骨骼(包括肩带、腰带、前肢骨和后肢骨)。其头骨呈三角形,眼窝与颞窝相通,不完整。颈椎8枚,胸椎5枚,腰椎13枚,荐椎2枚,尾椎44～45枚。与已报道的蜥蜴物种骨骼特征相比较,发现其前肢腕骨部位、尺骨和桡骨远端中间具1枚骨化不完全的籽骨——介间骨;在前肢腕骨与掌骨的腹面,有2块平面不规整四方形的掌籽骨,位于连接腕骨与各掌骨的韧带中间;在后肢股骨远端的关节内侧与髌骨相对的位置存在1粒籽骨,为股腓侧豆状骨;跗骨腹面下方有1枚三角形籽骨——跗籽骨。     

Germination responses of Reaumuria vermiculata to salinity and temperature

Reaumuria vermiculata is a xerohalophytic perennial dwarf shrub distributed in many gypseous and saline areas in southern Tunisia. A laboratory experiment was carried out to assess the effects of temperature and salinity on germination. The germination responses of the seeds in darkness were determined under a range of salinity and temperature regimes. Temperatures between 10°C and 30°C seem to be favourable for the germination of this species. Germination was inhibited by either an increase or a decrease in temperature from the optimal temperature (15°C). Highest germination percentages were obtained under non-saline conditions and increases in salinity inhibited seed germination. Salt stress decreased both the germination percentage and the germination speed (increase of the mean time to germinate). Seed germination decreased with an increase in NaCl concentrations at all temperatures. An interaction between salinity and temperature yielded no germination at salinity of 300 mM, whereas some seeds germinated under the optimal temperature.     

恒定和波动温度下丽斑麻蜥孵出幼体的表型变异

作者以丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)为模型动物研究恒定和波动孵化温度对孵化成功率和孵出幼体表型的影响。卵在四个恒定[24 ,27 ,30 and 33 (±0·3)℃]、一个波动温度下孵化。不同温度处理下的孵化成功率相同,但孵出幼体表型不同。孵化期随孵化温度升高呈指数式缩短;在相同平均温度下,波动温度孵化卵的孵化期比恒温孵化卵长。在所有被检表型特征中,幼体的干重、剩余卵黄干重和运动表现更易受孵化温度影响。总体而言,低温(24℃、27℃)孵出幼体运动表现最佳,高温(33℃)孵出幼体最差、温和温度(30℃和波动温度)孵出幼体居中。本文研究数据显示: (1)丽斑麻蜥卵每日短期暴露于潜在致死的极端温度下对孵化成功率和孵出幼体形态特征无明显的不利效应; (2)温度波动对孵出幼体运动表现无促进作用,对孵化期的影响则不同于平均值相同的恒定温度。     

山地麻蜥继饥饿后的补偿生长

动物继饥饿后一段时间后恢复喂食,在恢复生长阶段中常出现高于正常生长速度的补偿生长现象.有关脊椎动物补偿增长的研究主要集中在畜禽类、哺乳类和鱼类(Wilson et al.,1960;Plavnik et al.,1985;Drew et al.,1975;Pitts,1986;Kim et al.,1995),并且已在一些经济动物的饲养中利用补偿增长效应而提高经济效益.爬行动物是否存在补偿生长的现象迄今不明.本研究以山地麻蜥(Eremias breuchleyi)作为实验对象,研究其继饥饿后的补偿生长,预期为揭示爬行动物饥饿胁迫条件下的生长对策提供基础资料.