Formation of the perinuclear theca in spermatozoa of diverse mammalian species: relationship of the manchette and multiple band polypeptides

The perinuclear theca is a novel cytoskeletal consisting of a densely layered lamina that surrounds the nucleus of mammalian sperm. Using antibodies specific for the multiple band polypeptides present in the perinuclear theca of bull sperm, we show that a heterogeneous group of immunological related proteins are present in the sperm heads of other mammals with greatly different morphologies, including guinea pig, hamster, rat, and mouse. In none of the species were identical groups of immunoreactive polypeptides found, although immunoreactive proteins of molecular weights 65,000 to 80,000 were present in the sperm heads of all species examined. Immunoreactive proteins less than Mr 55,000 were prominent in rat sperm heads and mouse sperm: guinea pig, hamster, and rat sperm heads and mouse sperm had one band in common at approximately Mr 50,000. Different immunoreactive proteins were present in isolated sperm tails. The perinuclear theca first appeared in the subacrosomal space of round to elongating spermatids. Later, with the caudal movement of the manchette, the postacrosomal segment of the perinuclear theca was deposited in a cephalad to caudal direction along the sperm nucleus. Concomitantly, the cytoplasmic space between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane narrowed such that only the theca occupied this portion of the sperm head. Immunoreactivity accompanied the ultrastructural appearance of the subacrosomal layer and the postacrosomal segment. The periods of spermiogenesis, in which sub- and post-acrosomal components of the perinuclear theca are formed and the morphogenesis of sperm organelles with which these elements are associated, suggest that components of this cytoskeletal structure function to join the acrosome and the postacrosomal plasma membrane to the nucleus.     

Alteration of division polarity and preprophase band orientation in stomatogenesis by light

We have developed an experimental system in which the irradiation with a red light pulse induces stomatal disorientation in the hypocotyl epidermis ofCucumis sativus L. In this system, the orientation of the division plane in guard mother cells was not defined correctly. Preprophase bands formed in these cells but their orientation was abnormal.     

心肌带收缩率与急性心肌梗死患者左心室收缩功能关系

目的:急性前壁心肌梗死明显影响室间隔收缩率和左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF)。本文旨在探讨心肌带降段及升段收缩率与急性前壁心肌梗死患者LVEF的相关性。方法:收集2015年4月-2017年2月在心内科住院的急性前壁心肌梗死患者36例,正常对照组患者39例。所有患者取左心室长轴M型超声心动图,测量室间隔收缩率、升段收缩率及降段收缩率。心肌梗死左心室射血分数采用双平面Simpson's法计算。结果:与正常对照组相比,心肌梗死组患者舒张末期心肌带升段厚度没有统计学差异(P=0.69),收缩末期升段厚度(P=0.014)更薄、升段收缩率(P0.01)明显降低;心肌梗死组舒张末期降段厚度(P0.01)更薄、收缩末期降段厚度(P0.01)更薄、降段收缩率(P0.01)明显降低;心肌梗死组左心室射血分数与降段收缩率(r~2=0.13,P=0.026)、室间隔增厚率(r~2=0.19,P0.01)呈正相关,与升段收缩率没有相关性(P0.05)。正常对照组左心室射血分数与室间隔增厚率、降段增厚率及升段增厚率无相关性。经过相关分析,筛选出与心肌梗死LVEF的相关因素,进一步经逐步回归分析,得多元线性回归方程为LVEF=48.206+18.914*LVDD(cm)-25.414*LVSD(cm)。结论:急性前壁心肌梗死室间隔降段收缩率明显受损,与左心室射血分数降低有关。多元线性回归方程可估算前壁心肌梗死LVEF。     

不同内固定方式治疗老年踝关节骨折的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年踝关节骨折患者的内固定方式的选择情况及不同内固定方式的疗效,进而指导临床医师根据患者的具体情况选择合适的内固定方式。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取我院2016年1月~2018年12月期间收治的老年踝关节骨折患者40例作为研究对象,统计患者一般情况,内容包括骨折块情况、骨折类型、骨质疏松情况、软组织情况与体质。术后随访12个月,评价所有患者末次随访时的踝关节跖屈度、踝关节背伸度、美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分,记录所有患者的骨折愈合时间。结果：40例研究对象中,使用克氏针张力带11例,Herbert螺钉10例,解剖锁定钢板7例,解剖复合钢板6例,1/3管型钢板6例。骨折块较小、外踝撕脱性骨折的患者主要应用克氏针张力带;伴有骨质疏松的患者主要应用解剖锁定钢板;软组织条件不佳或受损的患者主要应用Herbert螺钉或1/3管型钢板;超重或肥胖患者主要应用解剖复合钢板;瘦弱患者主要应用1/3管型钢板。末次随访时,5种内固定方式患者的踝关节背伸度、踝关节跖屈度、AOFAS踝-后足功能评分比较未见显著性差异（P＞0.05）。5种内固定方式的骨折愈合时间对比差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：老年踝关节骨折应根据患者具体情况选择合理的内固定方式,不同内固定方式患者的骨折愈合时间虽存在差异,但最终均可获得较为满意的疗效。     

超连续谱激光可见谱段致人眼眩目效应研究

本文采用超连续谱激光光源滤除其红外部分仅输出可见谱段部分,在不超过国家安全标准允许的最大辐照量条件下,以正入射方式照射人眼后,记录并分析在明、暗适应条件下中心极限视力恢复时间、中心近极限视力恢复时间和视觉后像持续时间,明确超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼的眩目效果。明适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为31~119 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为19~76 s;暗适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为26~223 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为13~123 s;明、暗适应下导致人眼眩目效应的最小功率密度值分别为0.055 mW/cm^2和0.005 mW/cm^2。结果表明,超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼有良好的眩目效果,可导致数十秒至数百秒的中心视力下降,随着照射功率密度增高,眩目效应增强,显示出较好的量效关系,且相同功率密度时暗适应下人眼的眩目效果优于明适应。该研究探究了明、暗适应条件下超连续谱激光对人眼眩目效应,明确了超连续谱激光与人眼眩目的量效关系。     

Activation of neuromuscular sub-regions of supraspinatus and infraspinatus during common rehabilitative exercises

‘Regional activation’ has been identified within the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Previous EMG studies have provided insight on the different functions of the sub-regions within the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, however, to date timing of peak EMG activation has not been investigated. To assess how theses sub-regions function during commonly prescribed rehabilitation exercises, electrodes were inserted into the supraspinatus - anterior and posterior- and infraspinatus - superior and middle - of 22 healthy participants. For each sub-region, normalized EMG data - amplitude and timing - was collected from nine rehabilitation exercises - three with an elastic band and six an exercise ball. Supraspinatus posterior and infraspinatus superior had similar activation levels between elastic band exercises, but the timing of peak activation was exercise specific. In all elastic band exercises, supraspinatus posterior activated prior to supraspinatus anterior. All ball exercises elicited low-amplitude muscle activation; dynamic ball exercises had higher peak muscle activation than their static counterparts.     

Peroxynitrite oxidizes erythrocyte membrane band 3 protein and diminishes its anion transport capacity

We describe an altered membrane band 3 protein-mediated anion transport in erythrocytes exposed to peroxynitrite, and relate the loss of anion transport to cell damage and to band 3 oxidative modifications. We found that peroxynitrite down-regulate anion transport in a dose dependent relation (100–300 μmoles/l). Hemoglobin oxidation was found at all peroxynitrite concentrations studied. A dose-dependent band 3 protein crosslinking and tyrosine nitration were also observed. Band 3 protein modifications were concomitant with a decrease in transport activity. ( ? )-Epicatechin avoids band 3 protein nitration but barely affects its transport capacity, suggesting that both processes are unrelated. N-acetyl cysteine partially reverted the loss of band 3 transport capacity. It is concluded that peroxynitrite promotes a decrease in anion transport that is partially due to the reversible oxidation of band 3 cysteine residues. Additionally, band 3 tyrosine nitration seems not to be relevant for the loss of its anion transport capacity.     

Sulfate influx on band 3 protein of equine erythrocyte membrane (Equus caballus) using different experimental temperatures and buffer solutions

The aim of this study was to assess the anion transport in equine erythrocytes through the measurement of the sulfate uptake operating from band 3 using different experimental temperatures and buffer solutions. Blood samples of six clinically healthy horses were collected via jugular vein puncture, and an emochrome‐citometric examination was performed. The blood was divided into four aliquots and by centrifugation and aspiration the plasma and buffy coat were carefully discarded. The red blood cells were washed with an isosmotic medium and centrifuged. The obtained cell suspensions were incubated with two different experimental buffer solutions (buffer A: 115 mM Na2SO4, 10 mM NaCl, 20 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 30 mM glucose; and buffer B: 115 mM Na2SO4, 10 mM NaCl, 20 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 30 mM MgCl2) in a water bath for 1 h at 25 °C and 37 °C. Normal erythrocytes, suspended at 3% hematocrit, were used to measure the influx by absorption spectrophotometry at 425 nm wavelength. Unpaired Student's t‐test showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.01) of rate constants in equine erythrocytes at 25 °C versus 37 °C using both experimental buffer solutions. Comparing the buffer A with buffer B unpaired Student's t‐test showed statistically lower values (P < 0.0001) for A solution versus B solution both at 25 °C and at 37 °C. The greater inhibition of SO₄⁼ influx measured in equine erythrocytes indicates the increased formation of the sulfydryl bonds in band 3 and the modulation of the sulfydryl groups, culminating in the conformational changes in band 3. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FERM domain promotes resveratrol-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells via inhibition of NO production

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) consists of an N-terminal band 4.1; ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain; tyrosine kinase domain; and C-terminal FA targeting domain. Here we show that ectopically expressed FERM is largely located in the cytosolic fraction under quiescent conditions. We further found that this ectopically expressed FERM domain aggravates endothelial cell apoptosis triggered by 100 μM resveratrol, whereas FERM had no effect on apoptosis induced by TNF-α. We determined that resveratrol at low doses (<20 μM) promotes phosphorylation (S1177) of eNOS via an AMPK-dependent pathway. The presence of the FERM domain blocked this resveratrol-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. Thus, the pro-apoptotic activity of cytosolic FERM domain is at least partially mediated by down-regulation of NO, a critical cell survival factor. Consistently, we found that the apoptosis induced by cytosolic FERM in the presence of resveratrol was reversed by an NO donor, SNAP. In conclusion, FERM located in the cytosolic fraction plays a pivotal role in aggravating cell apoptosis through diminishing NO production.