Low-dose whole thorax radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: inpatient onboarding process for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) has been associated with a pulmonary inflammatory response resulting in hypoxemia and rapid clinical decline. PREVENT is an ongoing prospective multicenter Phase II randomized controlled trial where patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia are randomized to low dose radiation therapy (RT) versus control (clinicaltrials.gov, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04466683","term_id":"NCT04466683"}}NCT04466683). We describe the inpatient onboarding process of the center contributing the largest number of patients to this trial.Materials and methodsCOVID-19 hospital admissions were attained by the clinical research manager and radiation oncologist daily. Text message contact was made with infectious disease, critical care, and nursing staff with reciprocal discussion of the trial protocol and approval for virtual consulting of the patient. Witnessed informed consent was obtained first by telephone and later in person. Simulation and treatment (performed without a computer plan) was performed on a linear accelerator with one personal protective equipment-protected therapist moving in and out of the treatment room, and a second therapist manning the console. Following on-site dose calculation by physics, the radiation oncologist approved the fields prior to treatment delivery.ResultsBetween August 28, 2020 and October 6, 2020, the first 10 enrolled patients on this multicenter trial were randomized and treated at our institution; no team member (research staff, radiation oncology) contracted COVID-19 while employing this protocol.ConclusionThis represents the first published protocol to address efficient and safe recruitment of COVID-19 patients for a radiation oncology trial, serving as a model for conducting recruitment of COVID-19 patients for clinical trials.     

关于患者权利与义务体系构建的探讨

目前我国法律多注重对医生权利义务的规定,缺乏对患者权利义务的规定。文章从伦理和法律的角度对患者的权利和义务进行探讨,分析如何构建患者的权利与义务体系,以促进我国医疗卫生事业的稳定发展。     

患者欺凌行为对护士职业使命感及护理质量的影响

目的 探讨公立医院中患者欺凌行为对护士职业使命感及护理质量的影响。方法 采用问卷调查法收集数据。运用描述性统计、相关分析及多元线性阶层回归分析法处理数据。结果 患者欺凌行为对护士职业使命感（β= -0.148, P＜0.01）和主观护理质量（β= -0.123, P＜0.01）具有显著的负向预测作用,职业使命感在二者之间扮演部分中介效应（β= -0.028, P＜0.01）。结论 患者欺凌行为降低了护士职业使命感,进而威胁到护士的服务质量。     

松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗65岁以上高血压患者疗效观察

目的观察松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗65岁以上老年高血压病患者的临床疗效。方法将90例65岁以上高血压患者随机分为松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗组和高剂量厄贝沙坦对照组。治疗组给予松龄血脉康胶囊1.5g,每天3次,同时加厄贝沙坦75mg/d;对照组单纯给予厄贝沙坦150mg/d治疗。两组治疗周期为1个月进行比较血压控制情况及不良反应等指标水平。结果治疗后,两组患者收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者的收缩压、舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论松龄血脉康联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效确切,无明显不良反应,值得临床应用。     

Upper body accelerations during planned gait termination in young and older women

Transitory tasks, such as gait termination, involve interactions between neural and biomechanical factors that challenge postural stability and head stabilization patterns in older adults. The aim of the study was to compare upper body patterns of acceleration during planned gait termination at different speeds between young and older women. Ten young and 10 older women were asked to carry out three gait termination trials at slow, comfortable and fast speed. A stereophotogrammetric system and a 15-body segments model were used to calculate antero-posterior whole-body Center of Mass (AP CoM) speed and to reconstruct the centroids of head, trunk and pelvis segments. RMS of three-dimensional linear accelerations were calculated for each segment and the transmission of acceleration between two segments was expressed as a percentage difference. Older women reported lower AP CoM speed and acceleration RMS of the three upper body segments than young women across the three speed conditions. A lower pelvis-to-trunk attenuation of accelerations in the transverse plane was observed in older compared to young women, and mainly in the medio-lateral direction. As possible explanations, older women may not need to reduce acceleration as young women because of their lower progression speed and the subsequent acceleration at upper body levels. On the other hand, older women may prioritize a decrease in the whole body progression speed at expense of the involvement of upper body segments. This limits the attenuation of the accelerations, particularly in the transverse plane, implying an increased dynamic unbalance in performing this transitory task.     

中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率与老年NSCLC患者临床病理及预后的相关性分析

目的:研究中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率(NLR)与老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者临床病理及预后的相关性分析。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的68例老年NSCLC患者的临床病理资料。根据化疗前NLR分为低NLR组(2.95)、高NLR组(≥2.95)。比较两组患者临床病理特点及无病生存期(DFS),并分析预后的影响因素。结果:与低NLR组比较,高NLR组临床分期Ⅳ期、吸烟及淋巴转移的比例更大(P0.05),而两组间年龄、性别、病理类型及合并症比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。低NLR组中位DFS为7.2个月(95%CI:5.9~8.4),显著高于高NLR组中位DFS 6.7个月(95%CI:5.4~7.9)(P0.05)。淋巴转移、NLR是老年NSCLC患者DFS的独立危险因素,而年龄、化疗次数则是独立保护因素(P0.05)。结论:NLR与老年NSCLC患者的临床分期和淋巴结转移有明显相关性,并可作为预后评估参考指标之一。     

腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌的疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年1月我院收治的60例老年子宫颈癌患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,A组患者接受开放性子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,B组患者在腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,比较两组患者的手术情况、术后恢复情况以及术中、术后并发症的发生情况和随访期间的生活质量。结果:B组患者手术中淋巴结的清扫数目明显比A组多(P0.05),术中出血量和术后使用镇痛泵的次数明显少于A组(P0.05),抗生素的使用时间、术后排气时间、膀胱功能恢复时间、引流管滞留时间、住院时间较A组患者明显缩短(P0.05),术中大出血以及术后尿潴留、淋巴囊肿的发生率显著低于A组(P0.05);术后3个月和6个月的I-QOL以及FACT-G评分显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下行子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效显著,有利于患者术后恢复,并有效提高患者术后生活质量。     

参苓白术辅助治疗对老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者临床疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨参苓白术辅助治疗对老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者临床疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取于我院进行治疗的老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者50例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组25例。对照组患者给予柳氮磺吡啶结肠溶胶囊进行治疗,实验组患者在对照组的基础上联合使用参苓白术丸进行治疗,两组患者均治疗3个月,比较两组患者治疗前后血清白介素-2(IL-2)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)水平,并评价两组患者的临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平均显著降低,IL-10明显升高;与对照组相比,实验组患者血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平较低,IL-10水平更高(P0.05);且与对照组相比,实验组患者的临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:参苓白术散能有效改善老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者的免疫功能并提高其临床疗效。     

右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年骨科手术患者控制性降压时对炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年骨科手术患者控制性降压的临床疗效及其对炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月在我院行骨科手术的老年患者68例,随机分为两组,A组和B组,每组34例。A组患者接受尼卡地平控制性降压,B组患者在A组基础上静脉注射右美托咪定。比较两组患者的手术情况以及术中血流动力学指标,术中及术后血清IL-6(Interleukin-6)、TNF-α(Tumor necrosis factor-ɑ)以及CRP(C-reactive protein)的水平。结果:B组患者术中尼卡地平的使用剂量及术中出血量显著少于A组(P0.05),术后苏醒时间及拔管时间较A组显著缩短(P0.05),术中Fromme术野质量评分明显低于A组患者(P0.05)。降压后5 min,A组患者的HR显著加快(P0.05),B组患者HR相对稳定,且明显慢于A组(P0.05);两组患者的MAP以及CVP显著低于降压前(P0.05),且两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组患者在降压后30 min的MAP和CVP较B组显著升高(P0.05)。两组患者术后不同时间点血清IL-6、TNF-α和CRP的水平显著上升(P0.05),其中B组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α和CRP的水平较A组明显较低(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年患者行骨科手术时控制性降压的疗效显著,可有效降低尼卡地平的使用剂量,对患者血流动力学影响较小,并可减轻患者术后应激反应,利于患者术后恢复。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗老年子宫内膜癌的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨多西紫杉醇与卡铂联合化疗在老年子宫内膜癌患者中的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2010年1月至2016年1月我院收治的子宫内膜癌患者78例作为研究对象,其中年龄60岁的患者42例纳入非老年组,年龄≥60岁的患者36例纳入老年组,均给予多西紫杉醇与卡铂联合化疗。对两组患者一般情况、化疗实施情况、临床疗效以及毒副反应进行观察与比较。结果:两组患者组织学分型有明显差异(P0.05),其他一般资料无显著差别(P0.05)。老年组患者采用低剂量完成化疗的比例明显高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),化疗周期及中断率无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者临床疗效、血液系统毒副反应及消化系统毒副反应发生率均差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:多西紫杉醇与卡铂联合化疗在老年子宫内膜癌患者中治疗效果与非老年患者类似,安全性尚可,值得临床推广应用。