Simplification of head and neck volumetric modulated arc therapy patient-specific quality assurance,using a Delta4 PT

Background/AimIn many facilities, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) use intensity-modulated beams, formed by a multi-leaf collimator (MLC). In IMRT and VMAT, MLC and linear accelerator errors (both geometric and dose), can significantly affect the doses administered to patients. Therefore, IMRT and VMAT treatment plans must include the use of patient-specific quality assurance (QA) before treatment to confirm dose accuracy.Materials and methodsIn this study, we compared and analyzed the results of dose verification using a multi-dimensional dose verification system Delta4 PT, an ionization chamber dosimeter, and gafchromic film, using data from 52 patients undergoing head and neck VMAT as the test material.ResultBased on the results of the absolute dose verification for the ionization chamber dosimeter and Delta4 PT, taking an axial view, the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval was 3.13%, and the lower limit was −3.67%, indicating good agreement. These results mean that as long as absolute dose verification for the axial view does not deviate from this range, Delta4 PT can be used as an alternative to an ionization chamber dosimeter for absolute dose verification. When we then reviewed dose distribution verification, the pass rate for Delta4 PT was acceptable, and was less varied than that of gafchromic film.ConclusionThis results in that provided the pass rate result for Delta4 PT does not fall below 96%, it can be used as a substitute for gafchromic film in dose distribution verification. These results indicate that patient-specific QA could be simplified.     

Predicting toxicity for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: an independent and external validation of MDASI-HN based nomogram

AimWe conducted a study to validate the MDASI-HN based nomogram, which is used to predict the acute toxicities in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.BackgroundTolerance to radiation varies from patient to patient and also depends on various other factors like tumor volume, dose of radiation, chemotherapy. Predicting the toxicities allow us to identify potential candidates who are likely to have a higher toxicity and, in addition, evaluates the nomogram when done on an independent group of patients.Materials and MethodsSixty biopsy confirmed head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation were the subjects of the study. The patients completed patient reported outcome instrument (PRO) MDASI-HN questionnaire at the beginning and at the fifth week of radiation. The baseline score obtained was used to obtain the predicted score using nomogram. The nomogram was also externally validated as per the TRIPOD guidelines.ResultsThe mean baseline, predicted and score at the fifth week were 27.28 ± 11.04, 73.33 ± 15.51 and 82.62 ± 17.67, respectively, for all sub-sites. A positive, significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the predicted score and the score at the fifth week was seen across all sub sites such as Oral cavity (p = 0.05), Oropharynx (p = 0.02), Hypo pharynx (p = 0.02) and Larynx (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe MDASI-HN questionnaire based nomogram is simple, easily doable and takes into consideration the initial symptoms as well the treatment details; thereby, it is able to predict the toxicities accurately.     

多学科协作诊治模式下的营养干预在老年骨折患者围术期的应用

目的研究多学科协作诊治模式(MDT)下的营养干预对围术期老年骨折患者的干预效果。方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科2018年9月至2019年9月收治的42例行常规治疗的围术期老年患者作为非MDT组,选取同期43例实施MDT模式并给予营养干预的围术期老年患者作为MDT组,比较两组患者术后基本情况、并发症发生情况及恢复情况。结果术后MDT组患者总蛋白、白蛋白水平均高于非MDT组,NRS2002评分、CRP、IL-6水平均低于非MDT组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.679 6、-4.138 8、9.073 3、-6.669 5、-4.500 2,P=0.000 4、0.000 1、0.000 1、0.000 1、0.000 1)。MDT组患者住院时间少于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(髋关节置换术:t=2.154 8,P=0.034 1;膝关节置换术:t=2.491 9,P=0.018 9)。MDT组患者肠道功能恢复情况明显优于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.512 1,P=0.001 2)。结论 MDT模式下的营养干预能够有效促进老年骨折患者的术后康复,有利于预防并发症的发生。     

Intersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology

Intersectionality, the theory named by Kimberlé Crenshaw, outlines how multiple elements of an individual's social identity overlap to create and preserve societal inequalities and discrimination. Recently bioarchaeology's engagement with intersectionality has become increasingly explicit, as the field recognizes the lived experience of multiple axes of an individual's identity. Evidence of trauma can remain observable in an individual's skeleton for years, making it an ideal subject of study for intersectional analyses in bioarchaeology. Using contrasting case studies of two individuals who died in hospitals and were unclaimed after death, we explore the theoretical and methodological application of intersectionality to investigations of accidental and interpersonal trauma. Differences in identities and structural inequalities affect bone quality and health outcomes. As we demonstrate, a broken bone is the intersecting result of biological, histomorphological, sociocultural, and behavioral factors. This approach allows for a better acknowledgement of the inherent complexity of past lives, elevating and amplifying previously silenced voices. In this way, intersectionality in bioarchaeology demands social justice.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床价值及与血清ET、NO的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢血管病变(LEADDP)的临床价值及与血清内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的关系。方法：选取我院于2019年5月~2020年4月期间收治的80例老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者为观察组,根据不同病程分为3组,<10年组30例,10~20年组33例,>20年组17例,另选取同时期我院收治的50名老年单纯T2DM患者为对照组,所有受检者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,并检测血清ET、NO水平。对比观察组与对照组足背动脉狭窄发生率,对比不同病程患者LEADDP检出率,对比不同病程患者及对照组的动脉血管内径、动脉血流量及血清ET、NO水平,Pearson相关性分析动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET和NO水平的相关性。结果：观察组足背动脉狭窄发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);不同病程患者LEADDP检出率随着病程延长而增加(P<0.05);不同病程患者动脉血管内径、动脉血流量、NO水平随着病程的的延长而降低,ET水平随着病程的延长而升高(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET水平呈负相关,与NO水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论：老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者存在明显的下肢动脉管径狭窄和血流量缓慢,病变程度随着病程延长而增加,与血清ET、NO水平有密切关系,彩色多普勒超声诊断可有效评价其病变程度。     

血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清血栓调节蛋白（TM）、P-选择素（P-selectin）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的关系。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年1月我院收治的术后发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为DVT组,同期术后未发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为无DVT组,比较两组血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C、血浆凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、D-二聚体（D-D）],应用Pearson相关性分析血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C与凝血功能指标的相关性,应用多因素Logistic回归分析创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的影响因素。结果：DVT组血清TM、P-selectin、血浆D-D、FIB水平、年龄≥60岁比例高于无DVT组,血清HDL-C水平低于无DVT组（P＜0.05）。DVT组血清TM和P-selectin与血浆D-D、FIB呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清HDL-C与血浆D-D、FIB呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、血清TM≥9.50 IU/mL、P-selectin ≥70.00 ng/mL、HDL-C<1.00 mmol/L、血浆D-D≥700.00 μg/L、FIB≥4.00 g/L是创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：创伤性骨折患者术后发生DVT患者血清TM、P-selectin较无DVT患者升高,HDL-C较无DVT患者降低,联合检测血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C和凝血功能指标可能有助于降低DVT的发生风险。     

超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者TEP腹股沟疝无张力修补术影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外（totally extraperitoneal prosthetic,TEP）腹股沟疝无张力修补术的影响,以促进该方法的临床使用。方法：2014年9月到2020年6月选择在本院诊治的腹股沟疝老年患者180例,根据随机数字表法分为QLB组与对照组各90例。所有患者都给予腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术,对照组给予气管插管全麻,QLB组在对照组麻醉的基础上给予超声引导下QLB,记录两组镇痛与麻醉效果。结果：两组的术中出血量、手术时间等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),QLB组的术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。与术后12 h对比,两组术后24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),且QLB组术后12 h、24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。QLB组术后7 d的血肿、呼吸抑制、脏器损伤、腹股沟区包块等并发症发生率为8.9 %,显著低于对照组的21.1 %(P<0.05)。QLB组的瑞芬太尼用量、术后48 h内有效按压自控静脉镇痛泵次数、自控静脉镇痛泵累计用量都显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻在老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术中的应用能提高镇痛与麻醉效果,减少术后并发症的发生,有利于促进患者康复。     

复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年心肌梗死患者PCI术后炎性反应、心室重塑和心肌灌注的影响

摘要 目的：探讨复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后炎性反应、心室重塑和心肌灌注的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法将本院2017年3月至2020年2月间收治的行PCI治疗的68例老年心肌梗死为研究对象,分为对照组（34例）和观察组（34例）。两组均行常规药物治疗,在此基础上予以对照组沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,予以观察组复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗。比较两组治疗前后血浆中超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity creactive protein,hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（interleukin-8,IL-8）、N末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminal-pro-brain-natriuretic-peptide,NT-proBNP）、左室舒张末期前后径（left ventricular end-diastolic diamete,LVEDD）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、左室质量指数（left ventricular mass index,LVMI）以及治疗后TIMI血流分级。结果：两组血浆hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和NT-proBNP水平以及LVEDD和LVMI水平较治疗前明显降低,LVEF水平明显增加（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后血浆hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和NT-proBNP水平以及LVEDD和LVMI水平明显低于对照组,LVEF水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后20 minTIMI血流分级均明显好转,观察组术后20 min时TIMI血流分级明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦能够明显降低老年心肌梗死患者PCI术后炎性反应,抑制心室重塑,改善心肌灌注,安全性较高。