超声技术在抑郁症诊疗中的作用研究及应用进展

超声波作为一种机械振动波,兼具波动效应、力学效应和热效应.这3种效应在临床中均有较大应用价值,可用于疾病的成像诊断、辅助给药、调控以及热消融治疗等.超声技术所具有的非侵入性、穿透力强、空间分辨率高等特性,使其在神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗中具有广泛的应用前景.而抑郁症作为一种常见的精神疾病,其诊断和治疗都面临很大的困难.因此,大量学者将超声技术应用于抑郁症诊疗.本文主要从超声成像、超声定点给药、超声调控、超声诱导抑郁几个方面总结近十年来超声技术在抑郁症中的应用,以期为研究抑郁症发病机制及诊疗提供一定的参考和帮助.     

多学科协作诊治模式下的营养干预在老年骨折患者围术期的应用

目的研究多学科协作诊治模式(MDT)下的营养干预对围术期老年骨折患者的干预效果。方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科2018年9月至2019年9月收治的42例行常规治疗的围术期老年患者作为非MDT组,选取同期43例实施MDT模式并给予营养干预的围术期老年患者作为MDT组,比较两组患者术后基本情况、并发症发生情况及恢复情况。结果术后MDT组患者总蛋白、白蛋白水平均高于非MDT组,NRS2002评分、CRP、IL-6水平均低于非MDT组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.679 6、-4.138 8、9.073 3、-6.669 5、-4.500 2,P=0.000 4、0.000 1、0.000 1、0.000 1、0.000 1)。MDT组患者住院时间少于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(髋关节置换术:t=2.154 8,P=0.034 1;膝关节置换术:t=2.491 9,P=0.018 9)。MDT组患者肠道功能恢复情况明显优于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.512 1,P=0.001 2)。结论 MDT模式下的营养干预能够有效促进老年骨折患者的术后康复,有利于预防并发症的发生。     

Pollen limitation in the endangered Chinese endemic species Sinocalycanthus chinensis

Pollen limitation negatively impacts endangered and endemic plants with small fragmented populations, such as Sinocalycanthus chinensis, an endangered plant endemic to China. In this study, we analyzed the pollen limitation of the S. chinensis Damingshan (DMS) population in 2006, 2009, and 2010, and crossed plants with mates separated by different distances, both within and between populations. The DMS population exhibited strong pollen limitation in fruit set, seed set, and seeds per fruit in 2006, 2009, and 2010. The average accumulated pollen limitation (for fruit set times seeds per fruit) was 0.510 ± 0.180. Progeny crossed with pollen from intermediate neighboring plants within the same population (separated by 30–50 m from pollen recipients) had the lowest fitness. No optimal outcrossing distance was found within the DMS population. Progeny from crosses with the Shunxiwu (SXW) and Daleishan (DLS) populations performed relatively better, while those from crosses with Qingliangfeng (QLF) and Longxushan (LXS) populations performed worse. Compared with average reproductive success, outbreeding depression was found in progeny from crosses with the LXS and QLF populations. Reproductive success from pure self‐pollination indicated S. chinensis is self‐compatible. Geitonogamous selfing increased reproductive success. Based on geitonogamous selfing, the proportion of selfed offspring was relatively high. These results provide basic references for the conservation of this species.     

Genomic Consequences of Long-Term Population Decline in Brown Eared Pheasant

Population genetic theory and empirical evidence indicate that deleterious alleles can be purged in small populations. However, this viewpoint remains controversial. It is unclear whether natural selection is powerful enough to purge deleterious mutations when wild populations continue to decline. Pheasants are terrestrial birds facing a long-term risk of extinction as a result of anthropogenic perturbations and exploitation. Nevertheless, there are scant genomics resources available for conservation management and planning. Here, we analyzed comparative population genomic data for the three extant isolated populations of Brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) in China. We showed that C. mantchuricum has low genome-wide diversity and a contracting effective population size because of persistent declines over the past 100,000 years. We compared genome-wide variation in C. mantchuricum with that of its closely related sister species, the Blue eared pheasant (C. auritum) for which the conservation concern is low. There were detrimental genetic consequences across all C. mantchuricum genomes including extended runs of homozygous sequences, slow rates of linkage disequilibrium decay, excessive loss-of-function mutations, and loss of adaptive genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex region. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to perform a comprehensive conservation genomic analysis on this threatened pheasant species. Moreover, we demonstrated that natural selection may not suffice to purge deleterious mutations in wild populations undergoing long-term decline. The findings of this study could facilitate conservation planning for threatened species and help recover their population size.     

钙稳态调节蛋白2 Q87A突变增加抑郁易感性

钙稳态调节蛋白2（calcium homeostasis modulator 2,Calhm2）参与钙离子活动和ATP释放的调控. 本实验室的前期工作已经证实,Calhm2可以介导星形胶质细胞ATP的释放,在抑郁症的发生发展中起到重要作用. 为了进一步探究Calhm2在抑郁症发生发展中的分子机制,本文首先预测了Calhm2的ATP结合位点,即位于第87位点的谷氨酰胺（Q87）,并将其突变为丙氨酸（A）,建立了一个携带calhm2突变（Q87A）的小鼠品系. 随后,通过对原代星形胶质细胞的胞内和胞外ATP检测,发现Calhm2 Q87A突变导致星形胶质细胞ATP的释放下降;此外,通过对小鼠大脑海马切片的ATP检测,发现Calhm2 Q87A突变小鼠海马组织的ATP释放较正常小鼠下降;最后,通过给予慢性温和不可预知应激（chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS）来诱发小鼠抑郁样行为,发现Calhm2 Q87A突变小鼠抑郁样行为相对野生型小鼠表现得更为严重. 综上所述,本文发现Q87位点对Calhm2介导的星形胶质细胞ATP释放发挥重要作用,该位点的突变增加了外界压力刺激诱导抑郁样行为的易感性,进一步明确了Calhm2蛋白在抑郁症发生发展中的分子机制,为抑郁症相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的理论基础.     

小胶质细胞极化与抑郁症关系的研究进展

小胶质细胞控制着中枢神经系统主要的免疫功能,在各种精神疾病中发挥重要作用. 某些信号通路的激活引发的神经炎症与抑郁症的发生有着密切的关系. 小胶质细胞是神经炎症的主要介导者,不同的刺激促进小胶质细胞极化,不同极化类型的小胶质细胞能分泌多种炎性细胞因子,在神经炎症调节中具有重要的作用. 临床研究和体内外实验研究表明,抑郁症与小胶质细胞极化介导的神经炎症有关. 小胶质细胞极化参与抑郁症发生发展的可能机制包括NF-κB信号通路激活、呼吸爆发、补体受体3信号通路、NLRP3炎症激活、cannibalism受体1、Notch-1信号通路和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ的激活. 本文就小胶质细胞极化与抑郁关系的研究进展作一综述.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床价值及与血清ET、NO的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断不同病程老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢血管病变(LEADDP)的临床价值及与血清内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的关系。方法：选取我院于2019年5月~2020年4月期间收治的80例老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者为观察组,根据不同病程分为3组,<10年组30例,10~20年组33例,>20年组17例,另选取同时期我院收治的50名老年单纯T2DM患者为对照组,所有受检者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,并检测血清ET、NO水平。对比观察组与对照组足背动脉狭窄发生率,对比不同病程患者LEADDP检出率,对比不同病程患者及对照组的动脉血管内径、动脉血流量及血清ET、NO水平,Pearson相关性分析动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET和NO水平的相关性。结果：观察组足背动脉狭窄发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);不同病程患者LEADDP检出率随着病程延长而增加(P<0.05);不同病程患者动脉血管内径、动脉血流量、NO水平随着病程的的延长而降低,ET水平随着病程的延长而升高(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,动脉血管内径、动脉血流量与血清ET水平呈负相关,与NO水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论：老年T2DM合并LEADDP患者存在明显的下肢动脉管径狭窄和血流量缓慢,病变程度随着病程延长而增加,与血清ET、NO水平有密切关系,彩色多普勒超声诊断可有效评价其病变程度。