菊花叶片作为茶尺蠖饲料并用于其核型多角体病毒增殖的研究

本报道了以菊花叶片饲养茶尺蠖获得成功的试验结果．经连续三代饲养表明：以菊花叶片为饲料。幼虫取食量、蛹期、蛹重、成虫寿命、产卵置、种群特征参数与以茶树叶片为饲料的相比均无显性差异,但其幼虫历期延长1-2天．用它作饲料,饲养茶尺蠖增殖其核型多角体病毒,产量也不受显影响．故可用于茶尺蠖的大量饲养及其病毒的增殖．     

茶尺蠖幼虫脑的解剖结构

【目的】明确茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua Prout 5龄幼虫脑解剖结构,并分析和构建幼虫脑以及脑内部各神经髓结构的三维结构模型。【方法】采用免疫组织化学方法,利用突触蛋白抗体,染色标记脑内神经突触,定位突触联系密集分布的区域,获得脑内部神经髓的结构。利用激光共聚焦显微镜获取脑扫描图像,然后利用三维图像分析软件AMIRA进行图像分析,构建脑的三维结构模型,并计算脑以及脑内各神经髓结构的体积。【结果】突触蛋白抗体染色显示,茶尺蠖5龄幼虫脑内具有很多神经突触联系密集分布的区域,这些不同区域即为脑的不同神经髓结构。茶尺蠖幼虫脑主要包括前脑、中脑和后脑3个组成部分。其中前脑最大,包括成对的视叶、蕈形体、前脑桥和侧副叶以及不成对的中央体。视叶位于前脑的两侧后端。蕈形体位于脑半球正中间位置。侧副叶在中央体的下前方两侧。中央体在脑的正中心。前脑桥在中央体的上方后侧。除这些形态结构明显的神经髓区域外,前脑还包括大量内部边界不明显的神经髓区域,位于前脑左右两侧以及背侧和腹侧,这些区域被总称为中间脑,占整个脑神经髓的66%。触角叶为中脑的主要组成部分,在脑的下部最前端,为一对球状结构。后脑在脑的腹侧和触角叶下方,即围咽神经索进入脑的入口处。【结论】构建了茶尺蠖5龄幼虫脑以及各神经髓结构三维模型,分析了脑内各个神经髓之间的空间位置关系,明确了各神经髓的体积。茶尺蠖幼虫脑体积小而且结构简单的特征与其幼期视觉、嗅觉等感觉器官不发达、活动能力弱、行为简单的生物学习性相对应。     

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白单克隆抗体的制备

为了建立一种基于免疫反应检测茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒的方法,以纯化后的茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒作为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾脏细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/0融合,经间接ELISA筛选及克隆得到了一株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为7D3。同时克隆并在大肠杆菌中表达了EoNPV多角体蛋白基因,获得重组多角体蛋白。经Western blotting鉴定,该抗体可与EoNPV的多角体蛋白特异性结合。利用制备EoNPV多角体蛋白的单克隆抗体,建立了间接ELISA测定EoNPV的方法。     

尘白灯蛾的病原真菌新种——福建虫瘴霉

本文报道了采自福建南平尘白灯蛾的病原真菌新种:福建虫瘴霉(Furia fujianaHuang et z.z.Li sp.nov)该菌分生孢子单核,双囊壁,倒卵形,16.0-25.8 ×8.4-18.4μm,平均20.0×9.9μm,长径比1.5-3.0,平均2.0。次生分生孢子梨形,平均18.4×11.7μm。分生孢子梗棍棒状,二歧分枝或单枝。有假根和囊状体,基本等粗于孢子梗。假根不形成明显分化的固着器。休眠孢子光滑,20.3—22.8μm。     

茶尺蠖感染核型多角体病毒后病死时间分布的数学模拟

本文观察了１４℃,１８℃,２２℃,２６℃,４种恒温和杭州５－６月自然变温下,茶尺蠖各龄初幼虫感染核型多角体病毒后的病死时间分布。结果表明,各恒温下幼虫累计相对病死频率的时间分布趋于一致。病死时间正规化后,同龄幼虫在各恒温下的病死时间分布可用公共Ｔ－分布代表,并可用Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ函数很好地加以拟合,采用此法,也可较好地模拟自然变温下幼虫的病死时间分布。     

灰茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒对灰茶尺蠖的致病性研究

采取室内毒力测定和田间防效调查相结合的方法,对灰茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(Ectropis grisescensnucleopolyhedrovir-us)的致病力进行了研究。毒力测定结果表明,该病毒对2龄灰茶尺蠖幼虫的剂量对数-死亡机率值回归方程为y=-0.8774 0.9498x,LC50=1.5417×106PIB.mL-1;田间用浓度为1×107、1.5×107和2×107PIB.mL-1的EgNPV防治灰茶尺蠖,防效分别达58.81%、89.51%和94.81%。     

Attraction of the West Indian fruit fly to mango fruit volatiles

In this study, we investigated the attraction of West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles of three mango [Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)] cultivars in field cage tests. The number of flies captured with Multilure traps baited with Amate mature green mangoes was significantly higher than that captured in traps baited with Coche and Ataulfo fruits. There was no significant difference between the number of flies captured in traps baited with Coche or Ataulfo mangoes. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of mango fruit volatiles identified 24, 22, and 19 compounds for Amate, Ataulfo, and Coche mango cultivars, respectively. A principal component analysis of the volatiles revealed that the Amate mango was more distant from the Ataulfo mango, and the latter cultivar was closer to the Coche mango. The compounds myrcene, α‐pinene, β‐selinene, and trans‐β‐ocimene were the most abundant in Amate mangoes, whereas 3‐carene, β‐selinene, terpinolene, and α‐pinene were the predominant compounds of Ataulfo cultivars. In the Coche mango, the predominant compounds were 3‐carene, β‐selinene, terpinolene, and limonene. Traps baited with a blend of myrcene, α‐pinene, and trans‐β‐ocimene captured more A. obliqua females and males than control traps. Flies were more attracted to the Super Q volatile extracts of Amate mango than to the three‐component blend formulated in a ratio of 1:1:1. However, there was no significant difference between the number of flies caught by traps baited with Amate mango extracts and that caught by traps baited with the three‐blend component when this was formulated according to the relative proportions in the mango extracts. Traps baited with myrcene, the major component, caught fewer flies than traps baited with Amate mango extracts.     

尺蠖蜕皮激素受体基因Eo-EcR 的克隆、生物信息学分析和表达检测

【目的】蜕皮激素受体（ecdysteroid receptor, EcR）是一种超家族核受体,它能与超气门蛋白USP组成异源二聚体复合物EcR/USP,调节20 羟基蜕皮酮（20E）的生物活性,进而调控昆虫的发育、变态及繁殖等生命过程。本研究旨在克隆茶尺蠖 Ectropis obliqua Prout EcR基因全长,并了解该基因的编码蛋白特征和时空表达模式。【方法】通过RT-PCR方法并结合RACE技术,克隆茶尺蠖EcR的基因全长,通过生物信息学软件和在线网站分析茶尺蠖EcR的生物学特性,通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR）技术比较茶尺蠖 EcR 在不同发育时期和6龄幼虫不同组织中的相对表达含量。【结果】克隆并鉴定了茶尺蠖EcR基因,将其命名为 Eo-EcR（基因登录号: KP869130.1）,Eo-EcR全长2 268 bp,含有1 728 bp开放阅读框,编码576个氨基酸。系统进化树和氨基酸同源性比对表明,Eo-EcR具有相对保守的进化特性,特别是与鳞翅目昆虫的保守性最高。三级结构模拟和功能结构域预测表明,Eo-EcR具有3个经典的结构模型,并以α螺旋为主,功能位点单一且为C₄型锌指结构。qRT-PCR结果表明,Eo-EcR在5龄和6龄幼虫期以及成虫期表达量较高,在其他龄期表达量变化不大;同时在前胸腺表达量最高,在血淋巴表达量最低。【结论】明确了Eo-EcR的核苷酸序列及编码蛋白特征,明确了Eo-EcR的时空表达特性。该研究结果为进一步研究Eo-EcR的分子功能和基于Eo-EcR为靶标杀虫剂的研制奠定分子基础。     

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因核苷酸序列及其在Baculoviridae中的地位(英文)

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒（ＥｏＳＮＰＶ）基因组的ｐｏｌｈ和ｅｇｔ基因区约１４．２ｋｂ的酶切图谱被构建．ｅｇｔ基因位于ｐｏｌｈ基因上游约４．８ｋｂ处,但转录方向与ｐｏｌｈ基因相反．ＥｃｏＲⅤ－Ｌ片段ｐｏｌｈ基因及其旁侧的１１２５核苷酸序列被测定．ｐｏｌｈ基因编码区长７３８核苷酸,可编码２４６氨基酸的多肽．起始密码子ＡＴＧ上游是一个富含ＡＴ（ＡＴ占７１．２％）的启动子区,在－５２核苷酸处有杆状病毒晚期基因启动子转录起始基序ＡＴＡＡＧ．在终止密码子下游２０８核苷酸有一个ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）信号,ＡＡＴＡＡＡ．但ＥｏＳＮＰＶｐｏｌｈ基因起始密码子ＡＴＧ相邻核苷酸序列为ＧＴＡＡＴＧＴ,其－３是个Ｇ,这与已知的１６种其它杆状病毒ｐｏｌｈ基因－３位置均是Ａ不相同．在分析了ＥｏＳＮＰＶ和ＨａＳＮＰＶ多角体蛋白基因核苷酸序列的基础上,通过ＭＡＬＩＧＮ程序,比较了目前已发表的２６种杆状病毒包涵体蛋白的序列,ＥｏＳＮＰＶ与黄杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（ＯｐＳＮＰＶ）的同源性为最高,核苷酸序列的同源性为８３．０％,氨基酸序列达９４．７％;与其它２０种鳞翅目ＮＰＶ的同源性也很高,核苷酸序列同源性为７２．６％～８１．９％,氨基酸序列为８３．７％～９３     

An omics evolutionary perspective on phytophagous insect–host plant interactions in Anastrepha obliqua: a review

Phytophagous insects have a close relationship with their host plants. For this reason, their interactions can lead to important changes in insect population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an opportunity to analyze omics data on a large scale, facilitating the change from a classical genetics approach to a more holistic understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of host plant use by insects. Most studies have been carried out on model species in Holarctic and temperate zones. In tropical zones, however, the effects of use of various host plants on evolutionary insect history is less understood. In the current review, we describe how omics methodologies help us to understand phytophagous insect–host plant interactions from an evolutionary perspective, using as example the Neotropical phytophagous insect West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an economically important fruit crop pest in the Americas. Anastrepha obliqua could adopt a generalist or a specialist lifestyle. We first review the adaptive molecular mechanisms of phytophagous insects to host plants, and then describe the main tools to study phytophagous insect–host plant interactions in the era of omics sciences. The omics approaches will advance the understanding of insect molecular mechanisms and their influence on diversification and evolution. Finally, we discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the use of omics tools and other, more classical methodologies in evolutionary studies.