马尾松与芒萁鲜叶及凋落物水溶性有机物的溶解特征和光谱学特征

为探讨福建省三明市马尾松人工林淋溶液中水溶性有机物(DOM)的溶解特征和光谱学特征,以马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)鲜叶、未分解层(L层)和半分解层(F层)凋落物为研究对象进行室内淋溶,对淋溶液中的水溶性有机碳(DOC)、水溶性有机氮(DON)与水溶性有机磷(DOP)含量和紫外光谱(SUVA)、荧光光谱指标和红外光谱(FTIR)等特征进行研究。结果表明,在24 h内,随着淋溶时间的延长,DOM含量呈现有波动的上升趋势;芒萁除鲜叶的DOC含量显著高于马尾松外(P0.01),其余DOM含量均小于马尾松。两植物F层DOM的SUVA值和腐殖化指标(HIX)都显著高于鲜叶和L层(P0.05),表明F层的芳香性化合物含量和腐殖化程度越来越高。DOM的同步荧光峰值显示淋溶液中含有类蛋白和类富里酸荧光团。两植物的红外光谱显示有5个相似的吸收谱带,强度最大的吸收来自于H键键合的-OH的伸缩振动,同一植物3种样品之间红外吸收的差异证明从鲜叶-L层-F层凋落物的共轭体系逐渐增大,结构更复杂。因此,随分解进程两植被DOM的化学结构越来越复杂;马尾松较芒萁含有更多的DON和DOP,这一方面为微生物提供了更多的养分,另一方面又增加了底物分解的难度。     

Photosynthetic Characterization of the Plant Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. in a Rare Earth Elements Mine

In order to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements （REEs） in the natural hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh. and to characterize this plant photosynthetically, concentrations of REEs in D. dichotoma from mines mining heavy and light REEs （HREEs and LREEs, respectively）, as well as in D. dichotoma from an area in which no mining occurred, in southern Jiangxi Province were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The REE concentrations in the lamina of D. dichotoma were in the order LREEs mine 〉 HREEs mine 〉 non-mining area. The maximum REE content in the lamina of D. dichotoma from the LREE mine was approximately 2 648 mg/kg dry weight. The photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from areas of HREE and LREE mines was improved by the presence of high concentrations of REEs in the lamina compared with D. dichotoma from the non-mining area. However, this enhancement varied according to the concentrations of the REEs, as well as their type. In addition, 77K fluorescence, electron transport rate, and chlorophyll-protein complex studies showed that the enhancement of the photosynthetic activity of D. dichotoma from HREE mines was mainly due to an increase in the chlorophyll-protein complex of the reaction center of photosystem （PS） Ⅰ, whereas the enhancement observed in D. dichotoma from LREE mines was due to an increase in the internal antennae chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ and greater light energy distribution to the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of PS Ⅱ.     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤-铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了江西赣南地区非稀土矿区和处不同稀土矿区内,土壤-铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gy、Db、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究.结果表明,土壤剖面层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集.稀土元素总量(∑REE)在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土元素的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄.稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏.     

天然植物铁芒萁体内稀土元素的分布及其叶绿素镧的结构表征

Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ 等稀土元素在铁芒萁（ Ｄｉｃｒａｎｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｄｉｃｈｏｔｏｍａ Ｕｎｄｅｒｗ） 体内的分布规律是叶＞ 根＞ 茎, 而Ｐｒ、Ｓｍ 、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｈｏ 和Ｙ等稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的分布规律是根＞ 叶＞ 茎。轻、中稀土元素容易被吸收和积累,并表现出选择性吸收。铁芒萁叶绿素中结合有较多的稀土元素,且主要是轻稀土元素,其中Ｌａ 含量最高,占５６ ．０８％ ,其次是Ｃｅ,占１９ ．４０％ 。利用荧光Ｘ射线吸收精细结构（ＦＸＡＦＳ）光谱表征出,在铁芒萁体内Ｌａ 是与两个卟啉环配位的,推断叶绿素镧为双层结构     

不同环境条件下芒萁群落生物量动态规律的研究

一、引言芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)广泛分布于长江以南亚热带地区。常生长于疏林下或山坡,具有湿润亚热带、热带气候和强酸性土相结合的生态环境,是水热条件较好的酸性土指示植物之一。它的地下茎在土层中交织形成     

SEM studies on vessels in ferns. 9. Dicranopteris (Gleicheniaceae) and vessel patterns in leptosporangiate ferns

Ferns in which vessels have been demonstrated to date are phylogenetically relatively specialized and characteristic of habitats with marked extremes in temperature and water availability. These specifications do not apply to the Gleicheniaceae, which indicates that vessels may occur in a range of more primitive ferns, including those from more nearly mesic habitats. Vessels in Dicranopteris have perforation plates (both lateral and terminal) with morphology similar to that of lateral wall pitting as seen with light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is therefore necessary to demonstrate presence of perforations. Vessel presence in Dicranopteris is important in forming a picture of vessel presence and specialization in ferns, the phylogenetic and ecological distribution of which may differ from the patterns found in monocotyledons and dicotyledons. We believe that presence of vessels may not be a reliable indicator of phylogenetic position among ferns.     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤—铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测定了东西赣南地区非稀土矿区和4处不同稀土矿区内,土壤－铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究,结果表明,土训层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集、稀土元素总量（∑REE）在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄,稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏。     

稀土元素在赣南非稀土矿区和不同稀土矿区土壤-铁芒萁(Dicranopteris linearis)系统中的分布、累积和迁移

ICP-M法测定了江西赣南地区非稀土矿区和4处不同稀土矿区内,土壤-铁芒萁系统中15个稀土元素的含量,并对稀土元素在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究.结果表明,稀土元素总量在土壤剖面层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集.稀土元素在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶、根＞茎＞叶柄.铁芒萁根中稀土元素的丰度与其母土表土层,尤其是母土表土层可溶态稀土元素的分布模式基本相似.稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏.     

侵蚀退化地植被恢复过程中芒萁对土壤可溶性有机碳的影响

林下植被是生态系统的重要组分。通过对比分析红壤侵蚀区植被恢复过程中,林下有无芒萁覆盖地的土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC,Dissolved Organic Carbon)含量及其与地下根系生物量、地上植被淋溶液DOC含量的关系。结果表明:林下植被芒萁覆盖增加了地上叶片和地下根系生物量,土壤DOC含量及储量也显著增加(P0.05),芒萁覆盖对表层土壤(0—20cm)DOC的影响大于深层土壤(20—100cm)(P0.05);相关分析结果表明,林下芒萁覆盖地土壤DOC储量与细根生物量的垂直变化呈显著的正相关关系(P0.05),且随植被恢复年限的增加相关性显著增加,地下根系的垂直分布直接影响各土层DOC储量。不同植被恢复时期,林下芒萁覆盖地土壤DOC与鲜叶(马尾松+芒萁)和枯落物(马尾松+芒萁)淋溶液DOC均呈显著的正相关关系(P0.01),而林下裸露地土壤DOC仅与鲜叶(马尾松)淋溶液DOC呈显著的相关性(P0.01),林下芒萁覆盖地相对于裸露地枯落物淋溶液对土壤DOC储量的影响大于鲜叶。植被恢复过程中芒萁覆盖地土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物熵显著高于林下裸露地。因此,在植被恢复进程中,芒萁能够提供更多底物参与土壤物质与养分循环,对土壤DOC的贡献较大,为侵蚀区马尾松林恢复提供了重要的养分再吸收来源;同时芒萁覆盖增加了微生物活性,促进了微生物对土壤DOC的同化作用,提高了微生物碳源的利用率,对土壤有机碳的积累起着重要的作用。