全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2503篇 |
免费 | 442篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 79篇 |
2021年 | 138篇 |
2020年 | 114篇 |
2019年 | 148篇 |
2018年 | 105篇 |
2017年 | 117篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 120篇 |
2014年 | 226篇 |
2013年 | 242篇 |
2012年 | 157篇 |
2011年 | 154篇 |
2010年 | 100篇 |
2009年 | 104篇 |
2008年 | 99篇 |
2007年 | 97篇 |
2006年 | 98篇 |
2005年 | 84篇 |
2004年 | 68篇 |
2003年 | 58篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 34篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2966条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
31.
Ultrastructural localization of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin in coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This is the first report on the ultrastructural distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities in the coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn Wistar rats. The distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin was investigated using pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. In both arteries examined, positive labelling for nitric oxide synthase was localized both in the endothelium and smooth muscle, whereas positive labelling for endothelin was localized in the endothelium exclusively. In the coronary artery, approximately 80% and 55% of the endothelial cells examined were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively, whereas in the pulmonary artery, 77% and 60% of the endothelial cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively. These findings indicate that nitric oxide synthase and endothelin are colocalized in some of the endothelial cells of the newborn rat. In the endothelium, nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities were distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm and in association with the membranes of intracellular organelles. In smooth muscle, a relationship of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity to endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the pulmonary artery. In summary, in the newborn rat, endothelial cells of the coronary and pulmonary artery are rich in nitric oxide synthase (neuronal isoform) and endothelin, and it is suggested therefore that they may be substantially involved in vasomotor control of the cardiac and pulmonary circulation during early stages of postnatal development. 相似文献
32.
缺氧促进热休克蛋白70在肺动脉平滑肌细胞中的表达 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
缺氧性肺动脉高压中肺动脉结构重组,中膜平滑肌细胞增殖并迁移,但机制不明。本研究观察缺氧对肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)细胞周期、DNA合成及细胞增殖的影响,并通过观察缺氧对PASMC热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的影响,初步探讨缺氧的作用是如何介导的。结果表明缺氧可直接或协同内皮质-1促进PASMC DNA合成及细胞增殖,并可增加HSP70在PASMC中的表达。 相似文献
33.
内皮素-1对缺氧肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
内皮素(ET)是至今所发现的最强的内源性血管收缩肽,近年来发现ET-1能促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖。本研究表明ET-1对缺氧培养的肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)有剂量依赖的增殖作用,缺氧可促进PASMC的DNA合成且增加ET-1的丝裂原作用。ET-1的丝裂原作用主要由其A型受体(ETR_A)所介导,ETR_A的特异拮抗剂BQ123可显著抑制缺氧以及缺氧与ET-1协同所产生的增殖作用,而且发现ETR_A在缺氧培养的PASMC中的表达显著高于常氧对照组PASMC。本研究表明ET-1参与了缺氧性肺动脉结构重组,而缺氧可增强PASMC对ET-1的增殖反应性。 相似文献
34.
Summary Examination of serial semithin sections of rat kidney cortex and a subsequent electron microscopic study of selected areas revealed that the characteristic epithelium of the cortical part of the thick ascending limb of Henle extends for a varying distance beyond the macula densa. The transition from the relatively thin epithelium of the thick ascending limb at this site to the three -or even four-fold thicker epithelium of the convoluted part of the distal tubule is sharply defined and occurs without the interposition of an intermediate cell type.The position of the macula densa at the end but still clearly within the ascending limb of Henle's loop is functionally interpreted to guarantee the separation of the sensor point macula densa from disturbing influences which might arise from the secretory activity of the subsequent tubular portion.Investigations supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The skillful technical assistance of Mrs. Saliha Sabanovic is gratefully acknowledged 相似文献
35.
Dr. Masayasu Kojimahara 《Cell and tissue research》1977,182(4):505-511
Summary Endothelia of the anterior cerebral arteries in rats aged 1 to 3 days were studied. Thin (about 50–90 Å) and thick (about 100–110 Å) filaments are present in the endothelia. Numerous spherical- or rod-shaped bodies, measuring approximately 0.07 to 0.3 m in diameter and up to 0.6 m in length occur in the endothelial cells. These bodies contain a tubular structure. The diameter of the individual tubules is about 200 Å. The present observations suggest that spherical- or rod-shaped inclusions are first synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and thereafter these materials are transported into the Golgi complex for maturation. A small number of the inclusions, however, may originate directly from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and not pass through the Golgi apparatus.A part of this study was demonstrated at the 70th Versammlung der Anatomischen Gesellschaft in Düsseldorf, April, 1–5, 1975The author thanks Mr. Tatsuro Fukushima for preparation of photographs 相似文献
36.
37.
Adam Sun Eric B. Grossman Michael Lombardi Steven C. Hebert 《The Journal of membrane biology》1991,120(1):83-94
Summary Experiments were performed usingin vitro perfused medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (MTAL) and in suspensions of MTAL tubules isolated from mouse kidney to evaluate the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the K+ dependence of the apical, furosemide-sensitive Na+:Cl– cotransporter and on transport-related oxygen consumption (QO2). In isolated perfused MTAL segments, the rate of cell swelling induced by removing K+ from, and adding onemm ouabain to, the basolateral solution [ouabain(zero-K+)] provided an index to apical cotransporter activity and was used to evaluated the ionic requirements of the apical cotransporter in the presence and absence of AVP. In the absence of AVP cotransporter activity required Na+ and Cl–, but not K+, while in the presence of AVP the apical cotransporter required all three ions.86Rb+ uptake into MTAL tubules in suspension was significant only after exposure of tubules to AVP. Moreover,22Na+ uptake was unaffected by extracellular K+ in the absence of AVP while after AVP exposure22Na+ uptake was strictly K+-dependent. The AVP-induced coupling of K+ to the Na+:Cl– cotransporter resulted in a doubling in the rate of NaCl absorption without a parallel increase in the rate of cellular22Na+ uptake or transport-related oxygen consumption. These results indicate that arginine vasopressin alters the mode of a loop diuretic-sensitive transporter from Na+:Cl– cotransport to Na+:K+:2Cl– cotransport in the mouse MTAL with the latter providing a distinct metabolic advantage for sodium transport. A model for AVP action on NaCl absorption by the MTAL is presented and the physiological significance of the coupling of K+ to the apical Na+:Cl– cotransporter in the MTAL and of the enhanced metabolic efficiency are discussed. 相似文献
38.
Variation of dental occlusion around established norms has frequently been related to industrialized or modernized life habits. This tendency has been tested among samples (n = 48) of older (originally nomadic) and younger (settled and rationed) Australian Aboriginals. Although significant differences are found in incisor relation traits, tooth malalignment, and relative arch breadth, these are slight compared to some other studies of peoples undergoing one-generation dietary westernization. Reasons for this might relate to concomitantly subtle differences in diet or masticatory habits, genetic buffering, attrition gradient, tooth size, biased sampling according to tooth retention, or fluoride in water supplies. 相似文献
39.
T Brown G C Townsend L C Richards V B Burgess 《American journal of physical anthropology》1990,82(3):247-256
Longitudinal studies of aboriginal children over a 20-year period have drawn attention to the wide variation in morphological features of the dentition and the way in which occlusal relationships develop. This paper summarizes some important determinants of optimal occlusal development, namely, tooth size relationships within and between dentitions, the patterns of alveolar growth, and tooth migrations during the transition from primary to permanent teeth and the nature of growth changes in the dental arches. Dental occlusion constantly changes throughout life in response to changing functional requirements. Observations limited to cross-sectional material provide an incomplete, and sometimes misleading, concept of dental occlusion and masticatory function. 相似文献
40.
Impairment of Protein Synthesis in the Retinal Tissue in Diabetic Rabbits: Secondary Reduction of Fast Axonal Transport 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Etsuo Chihara 《Journal of neurochemistry》1981,37(1):247-250
Protein biosynthesis in the retina and fast axonal transport along the optic pathway were studied in rabbits in which diabetes had been experimentally induced. Retinal protein biosynthesis and axonal transport were significantly reduced in the diabetic rabbits, and the reduction was correlated to the severity of the diabetes. The "somal delay time' was only slightly elongated and the O/R ratio was fairly constant in the various levels of blood glucose; thus intrasomal protein movement seems to be less affected in diabetic rabbits. Velocity and the distribution pattern of axonally transported protein remained unaffected in the diabetic rabbits. These findings suggest that a disturbance in the metabolism in the cell body is the most important factor related to quantitative reduction of fast axonal transport in diabetic rabbits. 相似文献