扬( 州) - 瓜( 州) 公路交通肇事刑事侦破中环境磁学的应用

本文在土壤学方法的基础上,尝试应用环境磁学手段,帮助侦破一起道路交通刑事案件。实践表明:环境磁学在刑事案件的侦破中,对于土壤和沉积物样品的鉴别分析,具有独特的意义。     

Colour-dependent target detection by bees

The distance over which an object is detected by bees depends on the subtended visual angle and on spectral cues. At large angular subtenses detection is mediated only by chromatic cues. Achromatic targets, however, are also detectable. We investigated how chromatic and achromatic cues interact in detecting large-size targets. Coloured targets were used, with varied chromatic contrast that either did or did not present L-receptor contrast. Better detection correlated with higher chromatic contrast. Adding L-receptor contrast did not affect detection. It did allow the detection of achromatic targets, but at a lower level than most coloured ones, which indicates that the input from the achromatic system is negligible due to low sensitivity.     

一步法双重RT—PCR检测SARS冠状病毒技术研究

参照WHO公布的PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的引物序列,我们合成了4对引物,建立了一步法RT-PCR检测SARS相关冠状病毒的方法。利用该方法,对武汉市非典型肺炎疑似病例喉澈液进行了SARS相关冠状病毒检测,其中w20用4对引物检测均在相应的位置出现了DNA条带,W1只有BNIin-s／as引物出现预期产物。同时我们将样品W20的RT-PCR扩增产物进行了序列测定,结果显示该片段序列与其他地区和国家分离的SARS冠状病毒基因高度同源性,这进一步说明RT-PCR扩增的产物是SARS冠状病毒基因片段。在此基础上我们又建立了四种SARS冠状病毒一步法双重RT-PCR检测方法,在一个RT-PCR反应中用两套引物同时对SARS冠状病毒基因两个不同的片段进行检测,检测结果具有更高的特异性。     

应用ELISA法检测SARS-Ab

探讨对SAPS病毒进行临床诊断,分析ELISA法检测SARS-Ab的情况。结果显示对照组检测均为阴性,测试组发病12d前、后阳性检出率分别为2．7％、92％,总检出率为94．7％。29例疑似病人阳性检出率为31％。提示该方法敏感性、特异性强,但12d以前检出率低,而13-16d以后阳性率明显提高。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Photobacterium damselae</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">piscicida</Emphasis>: an integrated view of a bacterial fish pathogen

Pasteurellosis, or pseudotuberculosis, is a bacterial septicaemia caused by the halophilic bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly Pasteurella piscicida). Although this disease was first described in wild populations of white perch and striped bass, currently the natural hosts of the pathogen are a wide variety of marine fish. The disease has great economic impact both in Japan, where it affects mainly yellowtail cultures, and in the Mediterranean area, due to the losses it causes in seabream and seabass farms. This microorganism serves as a perfect model to study a bacterial fish pathogen, either at an applied level, to resolve or to mitigate the high economic losses of fish farmers, or at a basic level, for a better understanding of P. damselae subsp. piscicida biology. This article discusses the methods employed in our laboratory to study the causative agent of pasteurellosis. It reviews important aspects, from the diverse procedures for the detection and isolation of the pathogen to the latest molecular studies that have allowed its correct taxonomic allocation. Characterization of some virulence mechanisms and the available methods to prevent the disease are also presented. Electronic Publication     

免疫层析试纸条技术及其在转基因检测中的应用

转基因检测是转基因生物安全监管的重要环节。目前需要一种适合于大规模筛查的快速检测转基因成分的方法,以扩大转基因生物安全的监测范围。免疫层析试纸条是一种快速免疫分析技术,是目前常用的快速检测方法之一,具有操作简单、样品量少、检测快速、成本低等优点,已在医学、食品和环境等多个领域广泛应用。介绍了免疫层析试纸条的组成结构、检测原理及免疫标记物,并总结了其在转基因检测方面的研究进展。     

Influence of fungal infection on plant tissues: FTIR detects compositional changes to plant cell walls

Compositional change in plant cell walls as a result of infection by non-host (putative) endophytes and a host pathogen were studied by quantifying plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) produced by these fungi, and by detecting cell wall changes via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and relative lignin/carbohydrate intensity ratios. Oil palm ramets were first inoculated with homogenized fungal suspension. The treated fungal suspensions were assayed for CWDEs whereas the ramets were powderized for FTIR analysis. Results revealed that putative endophytes and host pathogen expressed all CWDEs, suggesting their probable roles in infection and colonization. Following inoculation, plant cell wall composition showed missing dips in spectra depicting changes to carbohydrate, xylan and lignin constituents. The indistinguishable FTIR spectra for putative endophyte-inoculated and pathogen-inoculated ramets suggest that both endophytes and pathogen have elicited similar responses to plant cell walls. Relative lignin/carbohydrate ratios further demonstrated that the putative endophytes did not breakdown lignin and carbohydrate, further exemplifying the non-pathogenic and asymptomatic infection by the endophytes. This study presents the influence of putative endophytes on plant tissues of oil palm, and how this compared to pathogenic infection.     

A Strategy to Optimize the Oligo-Probes for Microarray-based Detection of Viruses

DNA microarrays have been acknowledged to represent a promising approach for the detection of viral pathogens. However, the probes designed for current arrays could cover only part of the given viral variants, that could result in false-negative or ambiguous data. If all the variants are to be covered, the requirement for more probes would render much higher spot density and thus higher cost of the arrays. Here we have developed a new strategy for oligonucleotide probe design. Using type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) tat gene as an example, we designed the array probes and validated the optimized parameters in silico. Results show that the oligo number is significantly reduced comparing with the existing methods, while specificity and hybridization efficiency remain intact. The adoption of this method in reducing the oligo numbers could increase the detection capacity for DNA microarrays, and would significantly lower the manufacturing cost for making array chips.     

Sensory basis for detection of benthic prey in two Lake Malawi cichlids

The adaptive radiations of African cichlids resulted in a diversity of feeding morphologies and strategies, but the role of sensory biology in prey detection and feeding ecology remains largely unexplored. Two endemic Lake Malawi cichlid genera, Tramitichromis and Aulonocara, feed on benthic invertebrates, but differ in lateral line morphology (narrow and widened lateral line canals, respectively) and foraging strategy. The hypothesis that they use their lateral line systems differently was tested by looking at the relative contribution of the lateral line system and vision in prey detection by Tramitichromis sp. and comparing results to those from a complementary study using Aulonocara stuartgranti (Schwalbe et al., 2012). First, behavioral trials were used to assess the ability of Tramitichromis sp. to detect live (mobile) and dead (immobile) benthic prey under light and dark conditions. Second, trials were run before, immediately after, and several weeks after chemical ablation of the lateral line system to determine its role in feeding behavior. Results show that Tramitichromis sp. is a visual predator that neither locates prey in the dark nor depends on lateral line input for prey detection and is thus distinct from A. stuartgranti, which uses its lateral line or a combination of vision and lateral line to detect prey depending on light condition. Investigating how functionally distinctive differences in sensory morphology are correlated with feeding behavior in the laboratory and determining the role of sensory systems in feeding ecology will provide insights into how sensory capabilities may contribute to trophic niche segregation.