Middle Triassic carbonate deposits and calcareous algae from the Sasca zone (Southern Carpathians,Romania)

Summary The Sasca zone situated in the innermost part of the Getic Domain from the South Carpathians comprises mainly Triassic deposits of Scythian-Anisian (?Ladinian) age that can be ascribed to four different members forming the Sasca Formation. Three of the members consist of carbonate deposits. Their study permitted a brief characterization of the main microfacies types, and especially in the Valea Susara Limestone Member the identification of a relatively rich association of foraminifers and calcareous algae. The assemblage withMeandrospira dinarica, Pilammina densa, Oligoporella pilosa andPoncetella hexaster identified in these limestones indicates a Middle Anisian age (Pelsonian-Lowermost Illyrian). Difficulties arise in differentiating between the forms belonging to theOligoporella-Physoporella group for which a taxonomic revision is necessary. The morphologic characteristics of the three varieties ofDiplopora subtilis allow a splitting into different species.Teutloporella peniculiformis Ott, 1963 is regarded as anomen nudum.     

二叠纪放射虫Follicucullus bipartitus－F．charveti组合带的发现及其地质意义

二叠纪丑中虫科放射虫中有一类顶锥部分向腹边弯曲的放射虫,Ｉｓｈｉｇａ称为Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｕｓｂｉｐａｒｔｉｔｕｓ－Ｆ．ｃｈａｒｖｅｔｉ组合带,由于其形状奇特,层位稳定,已成为二叠纪较好的标准带化石,并与类Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｌｉｎａｋｕｍａｅｎｓｉｓ带对比。目前这类化石仅在东南亚地区的西南日本、菲律宾巴拉望地区和中国广西钦州地区发现表明,这些地区的放射虫当时很可能是在同一个洋盆中沉积的,只是由于它们各自的沉积历史不一样,以及后来的板块活动,造成了原始块体的离散、飘移,形成目前这种分布格局。这个放射虫动物群包括６科１１属２１种（比较种、未定种）,其中有新种１个。这个动物群的时代要早于晚二叠世。     

深圳快速城市化过程中的景观类型转化动态

利用4个时段遥感图像、转移概率方法和优势转移过程空间分布图,定量研究了深圳经济特区1979—2003年景观格局的时空变化特征、驱动力和原因.结果表明：深圳经济特区城市化过程迅速,且主要发生在1979—1990年间.3个研究阶段所表现出来的景观类型动态大相径庭.1979—1990年主要表现为植被退化和转移为人工景观类型阶段,优势景观类型转化的空间位置主要发生在福田区、罗湖区和盐田区,优势景观类型转移过程具有幅度大、强度大的特点;1990—2000年主要表现为大量建设用地的竣工转化为非渗水表面以及少量植被类型向人工景观类型的转化,优势景观类型转化主要发生在南山区和福田区,整个阶段表现出城市成形特征,原有植被景观特别是林地已较少受到人类干扰;2000—2003年则表现为土地利用方式精细整理的城市化过程,有较显著的城市扩建和改造现象,渗水材料的使用有效消除了非渗水表面的负面影响,这一阶段影响幅度大、影响强度中等.     

广州市海岸带生态环境现状及保护

广州市海岸带位于珠江入海口,为淤泥质冲积平原,滩涂面积广阔,湿地类型多样,野生动植物资源丰富.调查分析显示,近20年以来,海岸带的生态环境发生了深刻的变化.突出表现为天然湿地丧失或转化为受控湿地、淡水水体和海水水质恶化、生物资源衰退、外来生物入侵、洪涝灾害加剧等问题,形成人为活动干扰十分强烈的生态脆弱带.这些问题的产生与海涂围垦等海岸带开发活动密切相关.随着广州市“南拓”空间发展战略的提出,海岸带资源开发力度将进一步加强,尽管市政府在海洋保护、红树林湿地恢复重建和保护区建设等方面开展了大量工作,但海岸带的生态环境保护依然不容忽视.     

Tectonostratigraphy of Middle and Upper Palaeozoic black shales from the Porto-Tomar-Ferreira do Alentejo shear zone (W Portugal): new perspectives on the Iberian Massif

Middle/late Devonian and early Carboniferous metasedimentary sequences in the northernmost region (Porto-Espinho-Tomar) of the Ossa-Morena Zone (Portuguese Iberian Variscan Massif) contain black shales of very low to low-grade metamorphism. These metasedimentary rocks form a discrete NNW-SSE structure within a major shear zone (Porto-Tomar-Ferreira do Alentejo) and remain subparallel to the observed regional major structures (folding, thrusts or overthrusts). These black shales are overhanged and then imbricated in an upper Proterozoic metamorphic substratum. A multi-disciplinary study of these metasedimentary rocks from the Espinho-Tomar region has tectonostratigraphy, palynology, organic petrology and clay mineralogy combined methods. This approach provides new insights into the tectonic evolution and geological framework of Palaeozoic basement of the Iberian Variscides. Palaeoenvironmental and tectonostratigraphic implications on the Iberian geodynamic framework are discussed.     

Palaeodistribution modelling and genetic evidence highlight differential post‐glacial range shifts of a rain forest conifer distributed across a latitudinal gradient

Aim We examine the range expansion/contraction dynamics during the last glacial cycle of the late‐successional tropical rain forest conifer Podocarpus elatus using a combination of modelling and molecular marker analyses. Specifically, we test whether distributional changes predicted by environmental niche modelling are in agreement with (1) the glacial maximum contractions inferred from the southern fossil record, and (2) population genetic‐based estimates of range disjunctions and demographic dynamics. In addition, we test whether northern and southern ranges are likely to have experienced similar expansion/contraction dynamics. Location Eastern Australian tropical and subtropical rain forests. Methods Environmental niche modelling was completed for three time periods during the last glacial cycle and was interpreted in light of the known palynology. We collected 109 samples from 32 populations across the entire range of P. elatus. Six microsatellite loci and Bayesian coalescence analysis were used to infer population expansion/contraction dynamics, and five sequenced loci (one plastid and four nuclear) were used to quantify genetic structure/diversity. Results Environmental niche modelling suggested that the northern and southern ranges of P. elatus experienced different expansion/contraction dynamics. In the northern range, the habitat suitable for P. elatus persisted in a small refugial area during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka) and then expanded during the post‐glacial period. Conversely, in the south suitable habitat was widespread during the LGM but subsequently contracted. These differential dynamics were supported by Bayesian analyses of the population genetic data (northern dispersal) and are consistent with the greater genetic diversity in the south compared with the north. A contact zone between the two genetically divergent groups (corresponding to the Macleay Overlap Zone) was supported by environmental niche modelling and molecular analyses. Main conclusions The climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary have differentially impacted the northern and southern ranges of a broadly distributed rain forest tree in Australia. Recurrent contraction/expansion cycles contributed to the genetic distinction between northern and southern distributions of P. elatus. By combining molecular and environmental niche modelling evidence, this unique study undermines the general assumption that broadly distributed species respond in a uniform way to climate change.     

A new species of the Phanaeus endymion species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with comments on ecology and distribution

Phanaeus edmondsi n. sp. is described from the tropical forest of La Sierra Madre del Sur, estado de Oaxaca, Mexico. The new species belongs to the P. endymion species group. Distributional and ecological information of the new and allied species is included. A modification to update the identification key for related species is presented.     

长江经济带水分利用效率变化及与温度和降水的关系

通过水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency, WUE)深入理解生态系统水碳循环的相互关系,可以较好地评估生态系统对气候变化的响应。长江经济带自然资源丰富、生态系统格局复杂,是中国重要的经济发展区,同时也是响应气候变化的重要区域。基于生态系统过程模型CEVSA2(Carbon Exchange between Vegetation, Soil and Atmosphere),估算了1981—2010年长江经济带WUE的时空动态变化,并分析其与温度和降水之间的关系。结果表明:(1)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE均值为1.14 g C mm~(-1 )m~(-2),WUE的空间分布与降水量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.571,P0.01),而与温度呈显著负相关(r=-0.740,P0.01);(2)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE变动区间为1.04—1.19 g C mm~(-1) m~(-2),WUE总体呈减少趋势,平均每年降低0.0030 g C mm~(-1) m~(-2);(3)研究区域内四种主要植被类型常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、草地和常绿灌丛的水分利用效率均呈下降趋势,下降速率分别为-3.29×10~(-3)、-2.99×10~(-3)、-3.30×10~(-3)、-2.65×10~(-3) g C mm~(-1) m~(-2) a~(-1)。研究区域内各植被类型的WUE与降水量的相关性不如温度显著,温度对WUE的影响要大于降水对WUE的影响。今后在提高时空分辨率的基础上,更精确地模拟和预测未来温度、降水等气候因子变化下长江经济带WUE变化趋势及分析该地区水碳耦合关系。     

Track analysis of the North and Central American species of the Pantomorus–Naupactus complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

We undertook a panbiogeographic analysis of the broad‐nosed weevils of the genera Naupactus Dejean, 1821, Pantomorus Schönherr, 1840 and Phacepholis Horn, 1876 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from North and Central America to propose a biogeographic scenario to explain their biotic diversification. Based on individual tracks of 30 species, we obtained six generalized tracks: Mesoamerican, Chiapas, Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexican Pacific Coast, Southern Great Plains and Northern Great Plains tracks. The Sierra Madre del Sur generalized track is the best supported, based on 10 species of the three genera. We found two nodes, one at the intersection of the Mesoamerican and Chiapas tracks, and another at the intersection of the Chiapas and Sierra Madre del Sur tracks. Species of Naupactus are primarily distributed in lowlands, associated mostly with dry forests and xeric environments. Species of Pantomorus and Phacepholis would have diversified from South American Naupactus‐like ancestors, mainly in montane habitats and lowlands of North and Central America, between sea level to about 2500 m of altitude.     

三峡水库干流和库湾消落区植被物种动态分布研究

对三峡水库干流和库湾消落区的植被物种分布进行了本底调查,结果显示,目前水库消落区维管植物共有61科169属231种,以草本植物居多,其中一年生草本105种,多年生草本75种。与2001年三峡工程建成前的自然消落区维管植物（83科240属405种）相比,科减少了26.51%,属减少了29.58%,种减少了42.96%。从植被物种分布上来看,川江段和峡江段差异明显,人类活动对消落区植被物种分布存在较大影响,微地形的复杂程度和实验基地的设立能够对本土植被保护起到一定作用。