湖北神农架自然保护区土壤中的暗色丝孢菌I.

采用土壤平板法和稀释平板法,自湖北神农架自然保护区的14份土壤样品中分离得到40个暗色丝孢菌分离物,鉴定为16属23种。其中,湖北弯孢Curvularia hubeiensis为一新种,嗜热革节孢Scytalidium thermophilum和禾色串孢Torula graminis为中国新记录种。对新种及中国新记录种作了详细的描述。其余20种为国内已报道种。所有研究菌株的干制培养物标本与活菌种均存放在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Biotransformations of rifamycins: process possibilities

Rifampicin, an important antibiotic, is manufactured by chemical conversion of rifamycin S which is obtained by the chemical modification of rifamycin B. Rifamycin B is a product of Nocardia mediterranei fermentations. The chemical conversion of rifamycin B to rifamycin S has many disadvantages: Strong acidic conditions are required, heavy foam formation accompanies transformation and the yields are low. This review highlights the developments in alternative, biochemical transformations using enzymes and cells; the main focus is on transformations carried out by rifamycin oxidase.     

Production and properties of carboxymethylcellulase (endo-1,4-β-glucanase) fromCurvularia lunata

An extracellular carboxymethylcellulase (endo-1,4--glucanase) fromCurvularia lunata, grown at 30°C with an initial pH of 6.0, had optimal activity at pH 4.8 and 50°C. The enzyme was unstable above 50°C. The enzyme had aK _m for carboxymethylcellulose of 0.97 g/l and aV _max of 5.4 IU/ml.     

Transformation of rifamycin B with growing and resting cells of Curvularia lunata

Growing and resting cell systems of Curvularia lunata were used for the transformation of rifamycin B to rifamycin S. In the case of growing cells, rifamycin B was added at the time of inoculation and at the different phases of growth. Interestingly, it was found that C. lunata could grow in the presence of rifamycin B and could convert rifamycin B to rifamycin S. Growing cells 24 and 48 h of age were capable of transforming rifamycin B. Resting cells, cultivated at the exponential or early stationary phase, were found to be very active, and the resting cells of different ages were repeatedly used for the transformation reaction. Growing cells of 72 and 96 h were not capable of transforming rifamycin B, whereas resting cells of similar ages were very active. Due to the adsorption of rifamycins by the growing and resting cells of C. lunata, the stoichiometric yield of rifamycin S was not obtained.     

浙江土壤中的暗色丝孢菌研究I.

从浙江省采集的42份土壤样品中,分离出50个暗色丝孢菌分离物,鉴定为26属39种。其中拟苍白弯孢Curvulariasubpallescens为新种。侧多隔孢属Pleurophragmium,疣瓶孢属Eladia,拟葡萄孢属Pseudobotrytis和棘瓶孢属Echinobotryum为中国新记录属。鞘孢霉ChalarastateofCeratocystisadiposa,紫棕毛束霉Doratomycespurpureofuscus,黑棘瓶孢Echinobotryumatrum,小囊疣瓶孢Eladiasaccula,隘缩小内多隔孢Endophragmiellaconstricta,青霉状粘束孢Graphiumpenicillioides,黑侧多隔孢Pleurophragmiumactum,土栖拟葡萄孢Pseudobotrytisterrestris,腐植齿梗孢Scolecobasidiumhumicola和虎尾兰葡萄穗霉Stachybotryssansevierae为中国新记录种。其余28种为国内已报道种。     

浙江土壤中的暗色丝孢菌研究Ⅰ.

从浙江省采集的42份土壤样品中,分离出50个暗色丝孢菌分离物,鉴定为26属39种.其中拟苍白弯孢Curvularia subpallescens为新种.侧多隔孢属Pleurophragmium,疣瓶孢属Eladia,拟葡萄孢属Pseudobotrytis和棘瓶孢属Echinobotryum为中国新记录属.鞘孢霉Chalara state of Ceratocystis adiposa,紫棕毛束霉Doratomyces purpureofuscus,黑棘瓶孢Echinobotryum atrum,小囊疣瓶孢Eladia saccula,隘缩小内多隔孢Endophragmiella constricta,青霉状粘束孢Graphium penicillioides,黑侧多隔孢Pleurophragmium actum,土栖拟葡萄孢Pseudobotrytis terrestris,腐植齿梗孢Scolecobasidium humicola和虎尾兰葡萄穗霉Stachybotrys sansevierae为中国新记录种.其余28种为国内已报道种.     

Ultrastructure and genotypic characterization of the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus lunatus in comparison to the anamorphic strain Curvularia lunata

Abstract Although Curvularia lunata is classified as a conidial anamorph of Cochliobolus lunatus , the electron microscopic studies revealed the ultrastructure of both strains to be significantly different. C. lunatus m118 grows in the hyphal form characterized by a thick cell wall and numerous lipid bodies. C. lunata forms thinner hyphae of various sizes and large oval spores. Electrophoretic karyotypes of C. lunatus m118 (this paper) and C. lunata AT46 (Osiewacz, H. and Ridder, R. (1991) Curr. Genet. 20, 151–155) as well as RAPD-PCR analysis with the primer (GTG)₅ indicate close genetic relationship of both microorganisms.     

Effect of polymer differences on fungal penetration of hydrogel lenses

Summary Two chemically distinct types of hydrogel lenses, vifilcon A and bufilcon A, each with a water content of 55%, were challenged in a balanced salts solution withAspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata andFusarium solani. The lenses were cleaned, disinfected and stained after varying periods of incubation and examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For three of the four fungi, the bufilcon A lens was more susceptible to fungal attack than the vifilcon A lens.Curv. lunata produced the greatest number of penetration pegs within 72 h for both lens types. Etching of lens surfaces was observed withC. cladosporioides. In general, the susceptibility of a hydrogel lens to penetration with a fungus appeared to vary with the species of fungus and the chemical composition of the lens.     

Curvularia lunata peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis

A case of peritonitis due toCurvularia lunata during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is reported. Diagnosis was established by culture of dialysis effluent and peritoneal exudate, and was also confirmed through histological examination.     

11β-Hydroxylation of norethisterone acetate by Curvularia lunata

Abstract: The biotransformation of norethisterone acetate by Curvularia lunata was studied. The 11β-hydroxy-norethisterone acetate produced was identified by mass spectrometry, and ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance after extractive sample preparation.