中国卡拉草螟属研究及一新种和一新纪录种记述(鳞翅目,草螟科,草螟亚科)(英文)

报道7种中国卡拉草螟属Culladia昆虫,包括新种郑氏卡拉草螟Culladia zhengi sp.nov.和中国新纪录种齿线卡拉草螟C.dentilinealis Hampson,1919。文中提供了新种和新纪录种的成虫和外生殖器图,给出了中国该属已知种的名录和检索表。研究标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。郑氏卡拉草螟,新种Culladia zhengi sp.nov.(图1,3,5)新种的雄性与刺突卡拉草螟Culladia hastiferalis(Walker,1865)相似,但是该种抱器背基突中部有1枚小刺,阳茎无微刺状角状器;雌性外生殖器交配囊与囊导管的界限不明显且无囊突。刺突卡拉草螟抱器背基突无小刺,阳茎末端有多枚微刺状角状器;囊导管与交配囊的界限显著,且交配囊有1枚条纹状囊突。正模♂,香港大帽山,海拔700m,2007-04-13,李后魂等采,外生殖器玻片号LWC08414。副模:7♂♂,1♀,采集信息同正模;2♀♀,香港嘉道理农场,海拔210m,2007-04-13,2009-09-20,李后魂等采;1♂,广西上思平龙山,海拔510m,2002-04-06,郝淑莲、薛怀君采;1♂,海南尖峰岭,海拔940m,2007-06-06,张志伟、李卫春采;1♂,1♀,海南五指山,海拔640~650m,2007-05-15~21,张志伟、李卫春采;1♀,海南吊罗山,海拔300m,2008-08-14,胡冰冰、张利采;1♂,云南瑞丽珍惜植物园,海拔1000m,2005-08-06,任应党采。词源:新种种名以著名昆虫学家郑哲民教授的姓氏命名。     

Male genital homology based on musculature originating from the tegumen in snout moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)

The homology and terminology of the sclerotized structures, specifically the uncus and gnathos, formed by the fused segments caudal to the ninth abdominal segment in males of Lepidoptera, specifically in the Pyraloidea, have been confused in the literature. Based on comparative morphology of sclerotized structures and musculature, the uncus, scaphium, gnathos, and subscaphium are defined and described for stabilization in future systematic studies. Muscles IX–X (ex) and IX–X (int) are associated with these sclerotized structures and attached to the tegumen anteriorly. They are present in most of the species examined and are consistently topologically constrained in their origins and insertions; no differences were observed at the familial level. Muscle IX–X (int) is lacking in Pyralinae (Pyralidae) and this condition is hypothesized to be derived independently and an autapomorphy for this subfamily. The unique subteguminal processes of the Schoenobiinae are structures independent of the gnathos contrary to previous thought, and are instead associated with the valvae.     

细突野螟属两种雌性首次记录

The females of Ecpyrrhorrhoe biaculeiformis Zhang,Li et Wang,2004 and E.ruidispinalis Zhang,Li et Wang,2004 are reported for the first time.Drawings of the genitalia are provided.     

Selection for Cry1F resistance in the European corn borer and cross-resistance to other Cry toxins

Evolution of resistance by insect pests is the greatest threat to the continued success of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in insecticide formulations or expressed by transgenic crop plants such as Cry1F‐expressing maize [(Zea mays L.) (Poaceae)]. A strain of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), obtained from field collections throughout the central US Corn Belt in 1996 was selected in the laboratory for resistance to Cry1F by exposure to the toxin incorporated into artificial diet. The selected strain developed more than 3000‐fold resistance to Cry1F after 35 generations of selection and readily consumed Cry1F expressing maize tissue; yet, it was as susceptible to Cry1Ab and Cry9C as the unselected control strain. Only a low level of cross‐resistance (seven‐fold) to Cry1Ac was observed. These lacks of cross‐resistance between Cry1F and Cry1Ab suggest that maize hybrids expressing these two toxins are likely to be compatible for resistance management of O. nubilalis.     

Verifying an F1 screen for identification and quantification of rare Bacillus thuringiensis resistance alleles in field populations of the sugarcane borer,Diatraea saccharalis

Using an F₁ screen, 352 feral individuals of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were examined for the presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐resistance alleles. These insects represented four geographical populations collected in central and northeastern Louisiana, USA, and one field population from the Gulf Coast area of Texas, USA, during 2006. The F₁ screen used various crosses between field‐collected insects and a laboratory strain of Cry1Ab‐resistant D. saccharalis, including both reciprocal crosses and group mating. F₁ neonates of the crosses were screened for Bt resistance on Bt maize leaf tissue. One field‐collected individual of D. saccharalis was shown to have a Bt‐resistance allele. Based on Bayesian analysis procedures, the Bt‐resistance allele frequency in the five populations of D. saccharalis was 0.0028 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.0003–0.0079. The successful identification of a resistance allele in a field collection of insects suggests that the F₁ screening technique could be an effective tool for detecting and monitoring rare Bt‐resistance alleles in field populations of D. saccharalis.     

中国斑水螟属系统分类研究及二新种记述(鳞翅目,草螟科,水螟亚科)

对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种.其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是:暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstrusa sp.nov.,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E. evidens spnov.,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.nigripilosa Yoshiyasu新纪录于云南勐腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensisYoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国.文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存于南开大学生物系.     

中国脊野螟属研究及一新种记述(鳞翅目:草螟科:野螟亚科)

脊野螟属全世界已记录3种1亚种,分布于中国、朝鲜和日本。中国已知3种。本文记述了采自甘肃文县的一新种,模式标本保存在南开大学生生物系昆虫标本室。尖突脊野螟,新种Proteurrhypara cuspidata sp.nov.(图1－2）翅展36.5-38.0mm。正模♂,甘肃省文县,海拔1950－2000m,2001-07-05,李后魂,王新谱采;副模3♂♂,2001－07－04－05,其他采集资料同正模。新种与眼斑脊野螟P.ocellalis(Warren)近似,但个体比后者大,雄性外生殖器的近三角形爪形突可以与之区别。     

Lepidoptera captured on the East China Sea in 2005 and predicted migration sources

This paper provides a list of moths captured in a region at latitudes 29–32°N and longitudes 127–130°E on the East China Sea on 14–28 June and 1–7 July 2005. Sixteen species of moths from the families Plutellidae, Crambidae, Sphingidae and Noctuidae were identified. Among these, three species were recorded on the East China Sea for the first time. The migration paths of the captured moths were analyzed using a three‐dimensional backward trajectory analysis method. Predicted migration sources for these moths are Taiwan and Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces in China.     

Stable and variable life‐history responses to temperature and photoperiod in the beet webworm,Loxostege sticticalis

The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), unlike many temperate insects and despite its wide distribution range, has a geographically stable value of the critical photoperiod for diapause induction. It has thus been hypothesized that the species could adjust its life cycle to different climates in an alternative way, which should be reflected in geographical variation and/or environmental plasticity of some other ecophysiological trait. Three remote populations of the beet webworm were studied. The insects were reared from egg to adult at several combinations of temperature and photoperiod in order to measure development times of all the immature stages and pre‐pupal body weight, and to characterize the sensitivity of these life‐history traits to the two ecological factors. The thermal reaction norms for immature development appeared to be significantly different in the three populations. There was also a significant effect of photoperiod on development time as well as on the thermal sensitivity and lower temperature threshold for larval development. Pre‐pupae from the northernmost population were heavier and their body mass was more strongly affected by photoperiod than in the other two, but attainment of a greater weight under short‐day conditions, especially combined with higher temperatures, was common for all the three populations. Nevertheless, all the discovered geographical and environmentally induced differences in life‐history traits were very small and their adaptive significance remains problematic.     

Oviposition deterrents from the egg masses of the adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis and Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis

Bioassays using gravid females of the adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker), and the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), showed that the presence of an egg mass of a conspecific deters oviposition. Volatile chemicals emanating from the egg mass were responsible for the deterrence, and these deterrents could be extracted from the egg mass with hexane. When fractionated using a Sep‐Pak® Plus NH₂ cartridge, the deterrents were eluted with a 98 : 2 mixture of diethyl ether and acetic acid (polar lipid fraction). The polar lipid fraction contained free fatty acids with 14–20 carbons, and palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid were predominant. A blend of all identified fatty acids, a blend of six major fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids), a blend of the two Z‐9‐alkenoic acids (palmitoleic and oleic acids), palmitoleic acid alone, and oleic acid alone showed deterrence against O. scapulalis which was comparable to that provoked by the full egg extract. The dose‐dependency of the deterrent effects of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid was verified in O. scapulalis. The binary blend of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid was also confirmed to deter oviposition in O. furnacalis.