从临床调查看开展糖尿病健康教育的重要性

目的:探讨对糖尿病患者进行健康教育的重要性。方法:采用自制的调查表,以问卷的方式对520名糖尿病人进行调查。结果:77．2%的病人是因体检或因其他疾病而意外被发现的,31．5%的病人会坚持定期检查血糖,28．9%的病人检查过餐后血糖, 45．9%和76．6%的病人还在用副作用很大的降糖灵和优降糖,只有29．3%的病人能够正确了解胰岛素,63．4%的病人相信或是相信过虚假的广告宣传。结论:对糖尿病人群进行糖尿病知识的健康教育是很必要的。     

About hearsay - or reappraisal of the role of the anamnesis as an instrument of meaningful communication

As a result of the ICT revolution and enhancement of diagnostic possibilities, the anamnesis, as an instrument of meaningful communication in disease and a cornerstone of medical practice throughout the ages, has lost in importance. Nowadays, we are on the brink of a more patient-tailored and individualised therapy, so there is a growing need for an open dialogue in the doctor-patient relationship, a situation very similar to the beginning of the professionalisation of assistance in disease in ancient medicine. Reappraisal of the anamnesis and awareness of the patient-doctor relationship are therefore warranted and for that reason its roots and evolution are discussed from a historic perspective. (Neth Heart J 2007;15: 359-62.)     

我国高校人力资源开发的问题及其对策

分析了当前我国高校人力资源开发的重要性和存在的主要问题,并运用现代管理理论,提出了树立以人为本的管理理念、建立有利于人才成长的机制、运用柔性化管理模式的措施来促进我国高校人力资源的进一步开发利用。     

民办高校贫困生资助工作的若干思考

针对民办高校贫困学生的特殊性及责助方面存在的种种困难,提出只有创新资助方式,加大对贫困学生的资助力度,建立资助工作的长效机制,才能促进民办高等教育事业积极、健康、可持续发展。     

The Current Status of Preclinical Endocrine Education in U.S. Medical Schools

ObjectiveTo characterize the current landscape of preclinical medical endocrine education in U.S. allopathic medical schools.MethodsU.S. endocrine curriculum directors were asked to voluntarily complete a 16-question email survey surveying the status of endocrine preclinical education at their medical school.ResultsSixty-nine of 155 (45%) endocrine block director respondents completed the online survey between July 2021 and September 2021. A larger incoming class, a longer duration of the endocrine curriculum, and the offering of a separate endocrine curriculum (ie apart from the teaching of other organ systems) were each independently associated with an increased number of faculty teaching the course. Schools that used a gland-/organ-based curriculum only and those that used a combination of gland-/organ-based curriculum with topic-based curriculum differed significantly in their use of large lectures, small groups, and several curriculum components, including point of care glucose testing, continuous glucose monitoring, and insulin pumps.ConclusionThis survey study reports the current landscape of preclinical endocrine education in the United States and describes opportunities to improve interest in pursuing endocrinology as a career.     

The impact of a malaria elimination initiative on school outcomes: Evidence from Southern Mozambique

Despite the significant improvements achieved over the last ten years, primary education attainment in Mozambique is still low. Potential reasons acting from the demand perspective include ill health, among other factors. In Mozambique, ill health is still largely linked to malaria, which is a leading cause of outpatient contacts, hospital admissions and death, particularly among under-five and school-aged children. Despite this, in Mozambique and more generally, in malaria endemic countries, the identification and measurement of how improved malaria indicators may contribute to better school outcomes remains largely unknown. In particular, there is a low understanding of the extent to which better health translates immediately into school indicators, such as absenteeism and grades. In this study, we exploit the first year of a malaria elimination initiative implemented in Magude district (Southern Mozambique) that started in 2015, as a quasi-experiment to estimate the impact of malaria on selected primary school outcomes. While malaria was not eliminated, its incidence drastically dropped. We use as control a neighbouring district (Manhiça) with similar socio-economic and epidemiological characteristics. By employing a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, we examine whether the positive health shock translated into improved school outcomes. Using information from school registers, we generated a dataset on school attendance and grades for 9,848 primary-school students from 9 schools (4 in the treated district and 5 in the control district). In our main specification, a repeated cross-section analysis, we find that the elimination initiative led to a 28% decrease in school absenteeism and a 2% increase in students’ grades. Our results are robust across different specifications, including a panel DiD individual fixed effects estimate on a sub-sample of students. These findings provide evidence on the negative impact of malaria on primary education attainment and suggest remarkable economic benefits consequent to its elimination.     

The impact of educational rewards on the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interactions and communication. The prevalence of ASD has risen dramatically in recent years, but the underlying factors leading to this rise are not clear. In this paper, we test whether changes in state-level educational policy that impact school-level resources are associated with the rise in ASD diagnostic prevalence. Early identification of ASD can improve an array of outcomes for children, and school systems play an important role with identification of the condition. It is plausible that children attending schools with better resources from state governments are more likely to receive an ASD diagnosis and presumably appropriate services. We focus on one educational policy in particular, state-level rewards, which consist of a monetary transfer from state governments to school districts. To test the impact of educational rewards on ASD diagnosis, we rely on policy variation across states and time and estimate both two-way fixed effects (TWFE) models alongside recently advanced methods in the difference-in-differences (DiD) literature. Under a baseline TWFE specification we estimate that rewards policies are associated with a 18.46% increase in ASD diagnosis. Further, using DiD methods that account for bias in settings of differential policy timing, we find that the magnitude of the effect increases to 24.8%. We believe these findings to be suggestive evidence that educational rewards policies improved the likelihood of detection and diagnosis of ASD.     

Are signs enough? Using normative and narrative messaging to protect the western snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus) in coastal Oregon

Outdoor recreation can negatively impact wildlife. Shorebirds are especially sensitive because they often inhabit beaches used for recreation. Beaches at Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area (ODNRA) provide critical habitat for the federally threatened western snowy plover (WSPL) (Charadrius nivosus), which nests and forages in open sand. The ODNRA uses rope fencing and signs to communicate closures of WSPL habitat, but past efforts have not been highly successful. To improve compliance with closures, this study tested signs with messages based on the focus theory of normative conduct (i.e., Normative) and the extended elaboration likelihood model (i.e., Narrative). In an experimental design, the two treatment signs were compared to a control (an existing sign). We examined how the messages affected visitor attention to signs and impacted compliance with WSPL restrictions. Nearly 800 people were unobtrusively observed as they approached the sign and their reading behavior was documented. At regular intervals, an observer scanned the beach to count the number of people in and out of compliance with the regulations. Approximately one third of visitors read the treatment signs, while only 5% read the control sign. The Narrative sign was the most effective in deterring entry into WSPL nesting habitat. Findings suggest that a narrative format may encourage visitors to perform wildlife friendly behaviors. However, because many visitors still recreated inside WSPL nesting habitat after being exposed to signs, signs should be used to supplement strategies such as fencing or personal contact.