广州市场近10年的龟鳖贸易状况调查研究

为了掌握近年来广州市场龟鳖贸易状况及变化趋势,本研究对中国龟鳖贸易需求大、非法贸易严重的广州地区进行了10年的市场调研,结合2010至2019年广州地区查处龟鳖非法贸易案件的物证鉴定信息进行了统计分析。结果显示,2010年8月至2011年7月的专项调查记录到市场出售的龟鳖74种,其中,野生龟鳖41种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比2.01%,养殖龟鳖33种,个体市场占比97.99%,非法贸易龟鳖40种,个体市场占比3.74%;专项调查之后的8年内的不定期抽查记录到市场出售的龟鳖45种,其中,野生龟鳖18种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比1.13%,养殖龟鳖27种,个体市场占比98.87%,非法贸易龟鳖21种,个体市场占比2.29%;10年的物证鉴定案件信息统计显示,广州市场非法贸易龟鳖19种,共638只个体,其中17种龟鳖在市场调查有记录,包括养殖龟鳖7种,野生龟鳖12种,野生个体339只,占个体总数53.13%。自2010年以来,广州市场龟鳖贸易的种类及规模均呈下降趋势,龟鳖种类减少明显;宠物市场记录数据分析,养殖来源的龟鳖种类及数量市场占比上升,非法贸易龟鳖种类及数量市场占比下降,野生龟鳖种类及数量市...     

安徽省清凉峰自然保护区植物区系的研究

清凉峰自然保护区有维管束植物181科,601属,1228种,是安徽植物资源集中地之一。区系成分起源古老,孑遗种多,保存着丰富的珍稀、濒危植物。种子植物区系地理成分复杂,各类热带成分、温带成分、中国特有成分分别占本区种子植物属总数的33.6%、62.96%、3.44%,显示了本区植物区系的亚热带特性。本区植物区系97.6%的成分与华东植物区系共有,且含华东特有种111种,具有典型华东植物区系特征。本区植物区系与西天目山、黄山植物区系关系最密切,其次为大别山和庐山,再次为神农架。     

西藏色季拉山暗针叶林苔藓多样性及林窗干扰的影响

为了解西藏色季拉山暗针叶林苔藓多样性及林窗干扰的影响,在过去工作积累的基础上研究了色季拉山西坡5块样地内不同林内环境(林窗、林缘和林下)地面、腐木和树附生苔藓生物量特征。结果表明, 地面生单位面积苔藓植物生物量储量最高,平均910.10 g/m²,其次为腐木生(221.90 g/m²),树附生的最低(53.59 g/m²)。林窗地面生苔藓单位面积生物量最高,均值为360.47 g/m²,其次为林下(305.51 g/m²),最小为林缘(244.11 g/m²);林窗、林缘和林下间的地面生苔藓单位面积生物量差异显著(P＜0.05)。沿海拔梯度,林窗苔藓单位面积生物量表现出先增加后减少的趋势。因此,在西藏色季拉山暗针叶林内,林窗对地面生苔藓单位面积生物量有显著影响。     

Frankia菌种保藏

对用4种方法保藏的Frankia菌,进行了培养物存活、形态及其固氮活性的检测.发现在无氮液体培养基中保藏6年的Frankia.菌丝断裂,孢囊不完整.同期经有氮液体保藏的Frankia菌孢囊较完整.冷冻干燥保藏3.5年和砂管保藏8年,孢囊和菌丝均较完整.上述方法保藏的菌种,经活化后均能生长,且具有典型的Frankia菌形态特征和固氮活性.4种方法比较,无氮液体保藏法的菌体细胞生长速度快,固氮活性强,有侵染结瘤能力.     

The application of reproductive technology to endangered species breeding programmes

Captive breeding plays an increasingly important role in species conservation, but special problems are encountered in achieving the ideal of a demographically stable but genetically diverse population. Breeding programmes involving co-operation among a number of centres are now being developed which will overcome some of these difficulties by identifying individual animals, genetic lineages or age cohorts from which to breed. Application of techniques such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and semen collection and storage, as well as the monitoring of reproductive status will contribute to the success of such programmes. The usefulness of these procedures for various population problems is discussed and criteria for their appropriate implementation within breeding programmes is outlined.     

Environmental diversity: on the best-possible use of surrogate data for assessing the relative biodiversity of sets of areas

The conservation goal of representation of biodiversity (in the broad sense of all species) in protected areas requires best-possible use of available surrogate information. One standard approach is based on indicator groups of taxa. A minimum set of areas having at least one representation of each indicator species is taken to be representative of other organisms. This same minimum-set approach is adapted to other attributes of biodiversity, for example, derived environmental clusters. A weakness of these approaches is that useful information is lost; for example, for environmental clusters, there is no distinction made either among or within clusters. A more powerful surrogate approach can use some expression of environmental and/or biotic pattern so that variation among areas is seen as part of a continuum rather than partitioned into arbitrary clusters/attributes. The challenge in using pattern effectively is to adopt a robust model for the relationship between pattern and the underlying units of biodiversity, i.e. species. An environmental space (a continuum or ordination pattern), combined with the standard ecological continuum model relating species to environmental space, has advantages over other patterns based on hierarchy or distance matrices. Because an environmental space can be estimated either directly (observed environmental data) or indirectly (data on indicator groups), the corresponding surrogate-measure of biodiversity, environmental diversity (ED) makes best-possible use of either kind of data. We conclude that the arbitrariness of the attribute approach can be replaced by a robust surrogate pattern approach that is flexible and avoids unwarranted assumptions.     

青海省野牛沟地区主要兽类的数量与保护

作者于１９９０～１９９２年在青海省中部未受保护的野牛沟地区进行以有蹄类物种为重点的野生动物考察。考察结果表明：藏羚羊、藏原羚、野牦牛和岩羊的数量都超过１０００只,藏野驴约８００只,盘羊近２５０只,白唇鹿未估计数量。对其他１０种兽类也进行了考察。尽管有法律保护野生动物,但偷猎行为并没有得到控制。因此,必须尽快建立野牛沟自然保护区或野生动物管理区。     

Gap junctional intercellular communication of bovine luteal cells from several stages of the estrous cycle: Effects of prostaglandin F2α, protein kinase C and calcium

Cellular interactions mediated by both contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms are probably important to maintain luteal function. The present studies were performed to evaluate the effects of luteotropic and luteolytic hormones, and also intracellular regulators, on contact-dependent gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) of bovine luteal cells from several stages of luteal development. Bovine corpora lutea (CL) from the early, mid and late luteal phases of the estrous cycle were dispersed with collagenase and incubated with no treatment, LH, PGF or LH + PGF (Experiment 1), or with no treatment, or agonists or antagonists of protein kinase C (TPA or H-7) or calcium (A23187 or EGTA; Experiment 2). After incubation, media were collected for determination of progesterone concentrations. Then the rate of GJIC was evaluated for small luteal cells in contact with small luteal cells, and large luteal cells in contact with small luteal cells by using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique and laser cytometry. Luteal cells from each stage of the estrous cycle exhibited GJIC, but the rate of GJIC was least (P<0.05) for luteal cells from the late luteal phase. LH increased (P<0.05) GJIC between small luteal cells from the mid and late but not the early luteal phase. PGF increased (P<0.05) GjIC between small luteal cells from the mid luteal phase and diminished (P<0.05) LH-stimulatory effects on GjIC between small luteal cells from the late luteal phase. Throughout the estrous cycle, TPA decreased (P<0.05) the rate of GjIC between large and small, and between small luteal cells, and A23187 decreased (P<0.05) the rate of GJIC between large and small luteal cells. LH and LH + PGF, but not PGF alone increased (P<0.05) progesterone secretion by luteal cells from the mid and late luteal phases. Agonists or antagonists of PKC or calcium did not affect progesterone secretion by luteal cells. These data demonstrate that both luteal cell types communicate with small luteal cells, and the rate of communication depends on the stage of luteal development. LH and PGF affect GjIC between small luteal cells during the fully differentiated (mid-luteal) and regressing (late luteal) stages of the estrous cycle. In contrast, at all stages of luteal development, activation of PKC decreases GjIC between small and between large and small luteal cells, whereas calcium ionophore decreases GjIC only between large and small luteal cells. Luteotropic and luteolytic hormones, and intracellular regulators, may be involved in regulation of cellular interactions within bovine CL which likely is an important mechanism for coordination of luteal function.     

A vegetation map of tropical continental Asia at scale 1:5 million

Abstract. A vegetation map at scale 1:5 million is presented. * * Attached on the inside of this issue's back cover.
It covers Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), India, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Sri Lanka and fills a conspicuous gap in the cartography of tropical vegetation, following the publication of vegetation maps of South America, Africa and Malaysia. For conformity, it is presented as one sheet at a scale of 1:5 million. It uses the basic map of the American Geographical Society (1942; bipolar oblique conformal projection) which forms the base for FAO's Soil map of the world. Basic information was obtained from many published maps, unpublished observations and satellite data. The limits of the main vegetation types have been updated with a complete set of Landsat MSS images (369 scenes) with a mosaic of Landsat TM data for 1991 and with recent forest maps from Asia. Nine main vegetation units, which are groups of forest formations, have been identified and mapped, including woodlands, thickets and wooded savannas. Agricultural land has been shown in a uniform pale green colour in order to clearly express the extent of human impacts on woody vegetation. In spite of the necessary oversimplification of the ground data, this map is probably the most explicit expression of the remaining forest stands and of the regression of natural vegetation in the region. It can be considered as a benchmark for future monitoring of tropical vegetation.     

保护生物学概要

保护生物学的形成是对生物危机的反应和生物科学迅速发展的结果。它是应用科学解决由于人类活动干扰或其它因素引起的物种、群落和生态系统出现的问题的新学科。其”目的是提供保护生物多样性的原理和工具“,其基础科学和应用科学的综合性交叉学科。系统学、生态学、生物地理学和种群生态学的原理和方法是保护生物学重要的理论和实践基础。