C-Glucosidic ellagitannin oligomers from Melaleuca squarrosa Donn ex Sm., Myrtaceae

C-Glucosidic ellagitannin dimers were classified as types A-C according to a putative biogenetic oligomerization mode. They were characterized by different positions of the C-C bond between the phenolic acyl unit in one monomer and the benzylic C-1 of the open-chain glucose core in the other monomer. In recent years, four C-glucosidic tannins, melasquanins A-D (18-21), have been found in the leaves of Melaleuca squarrosa Donn ex Sm. (Myrtaceae). These are characterized as a dimer (melasquanin A) of a dimerization mode (type D), and trimers (melasquanins B-D) based on spectroscopic analysis including various two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) experiments. Melasquanins B (19) and D (21) are C-glucosidic tannin trimers with a structure containing, non-repeating condensation modes, which was hitherto unknown.     

A reliable, non-invasive PCR method for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) sex identification

We developed an inexpensive, fast and reliable PCR method for sex identification of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) by using one pair of primers to co-amplify homologous fragments with size polymorphism that located at amelogenin (AMEL) exon 5. In giant panda, a 63 bp deletion in exon 5 of Y-linked allele provides a significant discrimination between AMELX and AMELY, thus the amplification products can be distinguished simply by agarose gel electrophoresis, exhibiting sex-specific banding patterns (male: 237 bp, 174 bp; female: 237 bp). Both blood and feces samples from known-sex giant pandas were successfully amplified. Cross species test also revealed that this method could be applied to other Ursidae species. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

中药指纹图谱的研究进展

中药指纹图谱已日渐应用于中药鉴定与质量评价。本文综述了近来的薄层色谱指纹图谱,高效液相指纹图谱,核磁共振指纹图谱,质谱指纹图谱,X-射线衍射指纹图谱,色谱联用指纹图谱及DNA指纹图谱等的研究进展。     

马铃薯X病毒湖南分离物的鉴定与分组研究

从湖南石门采集表现重花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离纯化到一株线状病毒HN021。经双链RNA(ds—RNA)抽提、寄主反应测定、病毒粒子和内含体的形状观察,初步确定该病毒为马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X)。以ds—RNA作为模板,用相应引物对HN021分离物的ORF4-UTR-ORF5片段进行RT—PCRP得到1kb左右的双链cDNA片段。对该片段进行克隆和测序,并将测序所得的核苷酸序列与Genbank(登录的11株不同分离物的相应片段的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较和分析。结果表明,HN021与分离自南美洲的三株分离物(COAT,KPA和HB)的同源性为78．4％—79．4％,与其它8株(分离自亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和北美洲)分离物的同源性为96．4％—97．8％。从氨基酸水平比较,HN021与COAT,KPA和HB三者CP和8kDa蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为86．5％—89．0％和74．3％—75．7％,相应地与其它8株分离物的同源性分别为97．1％—98．7％和97．1％—100％。序列分析的结果证实了HN021分离物为马铃薯X病毒,同时表明PVX明显存在两个组(组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ),HN021和其它来自亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲分离物的组Ⅱ,3个南美洲分离物属于组Ⅰ。     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物的分离与鉴定

从曾侯乙墓中椁室、东椁室、西椁室和北椁室分别取样,经平板划线培养,分离,纯化共获得典型的菌株16株。将16株分别涂片镜检,生理生化分析鉴定,结果证明芽孢杆菌属11株,其中苏云金变种1株,地衣芽孢杆菌1株,巨大芽孢杆菌1株,球形芽孢杆菌5株,蜡状芽孢杆菌2株,多粘芽孢杆菌1株。其余菌株微杆菌属4株,黄色杆菌属黄杆菌1株。     

辣椒蚜虫种类的调查

蚜虫属同翅目蚜虫总科,是重要的作物害虫。调查海南辣椒植株的蚜虫种类,采集蚜虫标本。将上述活体蚜虫分别接种在室内盆栽辣椒植株上饲养、繁殖,并观察记录各龄期蚜虫的形态特征。经室内观察测定,鉴定出三种蚜虫：棉蚜[Aphis gossypii(Glover)]、桃蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]和萝卜蚜[Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)]。     

Screening and identification of extracellular lipase-producing thermophilic bacteria from a Malaysian hot spring

Seven lipase-producing thermophilic bacteria (ST 1, ST 4, ST 6, ST 7, ST 8, ST 9 and ST 10) were isolated from the Setapak hot spring in Malaysia. The crude extracellular lipases recovered by ultrafiltration of cell-free culture supernatant were reacted in an olive oil mixture and their lipolytic activities were compared. Identification of the bacteria was carried out using the Biolog system and biochemical tests. Strain ST 7 that exhibited the highest lipolytic activity of 4.58 U/ml was identified as belonging to the Bacillus genus. Strain ST 6 with an activity of 3.51 U/ml, was identified as Ralstonia paucula. The lipolytic activities of strains ST 1, ST 4, ST 8, ST 9 and ST 10 were 2.39, 1.84, 2.38, 1.80 and 2.62 U/ml respectively. Strains ST 1, ST 4, and ST 10 were identified as Ralstonia paucula while strains ST 8 and ST 9 were Bacillus spp. Strains ST 7 and ST 9 were tentatively identified as Bacillus thermoglucosidasius, Bacillus stearothermophilus or Bacillus coagulans, whereas strain ST 8 was tentatively identified as Bacillus subtilis.     

几种葫芦科蔬菜病毒病的鉴定及药剂防治研究

分别在甘肃酒泉、陕西户县及临潼3地区蔬菜大田采集黄瓜、西葫芦、南瓜3种蔬菜上表现病毒病症状的毒原标样135个,采用鉴别寄主的生物学反应和双抗夹心ELISA法鉴定,结果表明引起上述地区黄瓜、西葫芦、南瓜3种蔬菜病毒病的毒原主要是黄瓜花叶病毒。3．95％“病毒必克”可湿性粉剂防治3种蔬菜病毒病的结果表明,300倍、500倍的病毒必克预防效果可达到75％～78％,且治疗效果明显,药效持久。因此,认为病毒必克是目前理想的植物病毒抑制剂。     

菟丝子及其一种伪品的鉴别

通过原植物鉴定、药材性状和粉末显微观察,理化反应及紫外光谱扫描比较,对菟丝子(Cuscuta chinensis)及其一种伪品进行鉴别。结果表明,菟丝子及其伪品在原植物的叶、花和果实、药材质地和气味,种皮栅状组织细胞的构成及其特点、热水浸煮时发生的现象、黄酮反应结果以及紫外光谱扫描显示的最大吸收波长位置,均存在明显差异。菟丝子的伪品系十字花科植物芥菜(原变种)(Brassica juncea var.juncea)的干燥成熟种子,上述实验结果为鉴别菟丝子及其伪品提供了依据。