Altered sperm tsRNAs in aged male contribute to anxiety‐like behavior in offspring

Parental age at first pregnancy is increasing worldwide. The offspring of aged father has been associated with higher risk of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that advanced paternal age in mice alters the profile of transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Injection of sperm tsRNAs from aged male mice into zygotes induced anxiety‐like behaviors in F1 males. RNA sequencing of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of those F1 male mice altered the gene expression of dopaminergic synapse and neurotrophin. tsRNAs from aged male mice injection also altered the neuropsychiatry‐related gene expression in two‐cell and blastocyst stage embryos. More importantly, the sperm tsRNA profile changes significantly during aging in human. The up‐regulated sperm tsRNA target genes were involved in neurogenesis and nervous system development. These results suggest that aging‐related changes of sperm tsRNA may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits.     

氮离子注入对麻疯树幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

本文分析了能量为25kev的不同剂量N^＋对麻疯树种子萌发和幼苗的抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明N^＋注入降低了麻疯树种子的发芽率和成苗率以及幼苗的SOD和APX活性和MDA含量,增强了CAT活性。6×10^16-9×10^16N^＋·cm^2的剂量增加了还原型抗坏血酸含量,12×10^16-15×10^16N^＋·cm^2的剂量降低了总抗氧化能力,但增强了POD活性。18×10^16N^＋·cm^2可能是能量为25kev的N^＋诱变麻疯树干种子的合适剂量。     

Close Proximity of Left Anterior Descending Artery to the Right Ventricular Lead Apparently Implanted into the Mid-septum

Right ventricular (RV) mid-septal pacing should have fewer negative effects on left ventricular function compared to apical pacing. However, targeting the mid-septum may be technically challenging since it is usually done with two-dimensional fluoroscopy. The rotation of the heart and various shapes of the RV make it difficult to assess, whether the lead is really anchored in the septum. Many leads, apparently anchored in the septum, are in fact anchored in the anterior wall or anteroseptal groove, and some can get anchored in close proximity to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). We report three cases from our series of 51 patients, in whom the RV lead thought to be implanted in the mid-septum was in fact anchored in close proximity of LAD when assessed using computed tomography.     

Shoulder Joint Dislocation as an Unusual Complication of Defibrillation Threshold Testing Following Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation

A 53-year-old man underwent implantation of a totally subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD; Boston Scientific). He was positioned supine, with the left arm abducted, externally rotated (i.e. palm up) and strapped to the arm extender. The generator was placed in the left mid-axillary line along the 5th-6th intercostal spaces and the defibrillation coil was tunneled anterior to the sternum. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing with 65 Jcaused a forceful pectoralis twitch. The patient woke up with a painful anteriorly dislocated left shoulder. Glenohumeral dislocation due to DFT testing has not been previously reported. It is likely that this complication is specific to the S-ICD implantation, and is related to positioning with the arm abducted, externally rotated, and immobilized, and use of greater defibrillation energy with current pathway through the bulk of the pectoralis muscle.Precautions may include extending the arm palm down, strapping the arm loosely, and adduction of the arm for DFT testing.     

自体软骨细胞移植技术治疗膝关节软骨缺损的研究进展

膝关节软骨缺损发病率高,且自身修复能力有限。治疗膝关节软骨缺损的传统方法包括钻孔术、微骨折术、自体骨软骨移植术。然而,钻孔术和微骨折术治疗后缺损区生成的是纤维软骨,而不是正常的透明软骨,两者在力学强度、硬度、耐磨损性等多方面存在很大差距。自体骨软骨移植术可生成正常的透明软骨,但存在供体有限、不适合进行大面积软骨缺损治疗等多方面缺点在临床方面应用受限。近年来,自体软骨细胞移植技术发展迅速,越来越多的病人接受此治疗方法并获得良好效果,引起人们广泛关注。本文根据近年来国内外的各项相关研究成果进行总结,阐述膝关节软骨缺损的各种治疗方法,着重介绍自体软骨细胞移植技术。第三代自体软骨细胞移植技术生成的软骨以透明软骨为主,符合关节生物力学要求,且避免了第一代、第二代自体软骨细胞移植的术后并发症,成为治疗膝关节大面积软骨缺损安全有效的治疗方法。另外,本文就软骨细胞支架材料的发展、移植物术后的转归等问题提出进一步设想。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症血管成形术的疗效观察

目的:探讨血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床应用价值。方法:对我院78例下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。78例患者(98条血管)术前经CTA诊断后,行腔内血管成形术(PTA)和血管支架植入术治疗,治疗后随访1~18个月,分析踝/肱指数(ABI)、血管内径、皮温及足背动脉搏动的变化。结果:成功完成77例(98.7%)患者、97条(99.0%)患肢的PTA和支架植入术,除1例下肢动脉完全闭塞患者导丝未能成功通过病变导致介入失败外,其余病例经介入治疗后均开通,术中所有病例均未发生血肿、血管壁破裂、穿孔或内支架移位,远端血管血栓栓塞等并发症。术后,患者下肢缺血症状消失或明显减轻,踝/肱指数(ABI)由术前(0.39±0.23)恢复至(0.86±0.26),下肢血管内径及足背动脉搏动均明显改善。结论:PTA和血管支架植入术是一种治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症安全有效的方法,成功率高,并发症少,再狭窄率低。     

血管成形术介入治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床效果分析

目的:探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)联合支架植入术治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择2008年3月至2011年12月在我院内分泌科接受治疗的2型糖尿病合并糖尿病足的患者36例,将其随机分为观察组(19例)和对照组(17例)。观察组19例患者中,14例行PTA术,4例行PTA+腔内支架植入术,1例行截肢术;对照组17例患者,全部采用传统方法进行治疗。观察和比较两组患者术后的糖尿病下肢血管病变的特点、临床效果及并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组19例患者,共40条靶血管,实施PTA手术的成功率为87.5%。采用两种治疗方法 2周或4周后,患者的临床症状和体征均得到一定程度的缓解,且均未观察到明显的不良反应。与对照组相比,接受介入治疗的患者,其临床症状的缓解率明显升高,其中在2周时介入治疗对麻木和紫绀症状的缓解尤其显著,和对照组之间有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:血管成形术介入治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变是一种安全可靠的方法,治疗效果好,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

A PGD Pregnancy Achieved by Embryo Copy Number Variation Sequencing with Confirmation by Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

Aneuploidy rates in embryos produced by assisted reproduc- tive technologies commonly exceed 50%, particularly in couples where the woman is of advanced maternal age or has experienced repeated implantation failure （Harper et al., 2012）. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） conducted at many fertility clinics worldwide is now a frontline treatment for infertile couples with a poor prognosis for pregnancy as well as couples where one partner is a carrier of a balanced translocation （Munne, 2012）.     

Reproductive delays in mammals: an unexplored avenue for post‐copulatory sexual selection

Numerous mammalian taxa exhibit reproductive delays, pauses in reproduction that occur between mating and fertilization, between fertilization and implantation of the embryo, or after an embryo has implanted. Of the 27 mammalian orders, 9 are known to exhibit reproductive delays, including Diptrotodontia, Dasyuromorphia, Eulipotyphyta, Cingulata, Carnivora, Rodentia, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha and Cetartiodactyla. Most researchers interested in delays have focused on their evolutionary origins. However, the consequences of these delays have not been considered fully. Given the lengthening of the period over which reproduction occurs, it is possible that this unique aspect of reproduction facilitates post‐copulatory sexual selection. When considered in the context of sexual selection, delays may allow sperm competition and female manipulation of fertilization (cryptic female choice) as well as other post‐copulatory processes. We investigate the potential for reproductive delays to facilitate post‐copulatory sexual selection and suggest avenues for research that may further our knowledge of sexual selection. We also provide a general review of reproductive delays in mammals.