乳过氧化物酶体系及其在乳品保鲜中的应用

本文主要介绍了乳中的一种天然抗菌活性体系—乳过氧化物酶体系(LPS),该体系由乳过氧化物酶、硫氰酸盐(SCN_)和过氧化氢(H2O2)共同组成。该体系3组分的浓度分别不低于0．5 ppm,12 ppm和8．5 ppm时,可表现出显著的抗菌效果;在30℃、25℃、20℃、15℃和3-5℃条件下,乳的保鲜期可分别达到7天、11天、16天、24天和120天。本文还介绍了乳过氧化物酶体系在乳品保鲜中的实际应用,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于电子病历的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床路径与决策辅助系统

目的:研究在结构化电子病历上实现计算机化的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床路径,进一步评价该方法的试用结果,为辅助临床医生治疗决策、规范治疗行为,并借此提高医疗质量,合理控制医疗费用提供有效的手段。方法:选取最新的、具有权威性的关于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊治指南作为制定治疗决策方案及编写临床路径的依据;通过程序设计将临床路径编写入医学知识库系统,并将医学知识库系统与结构化电子病历进行无缝连接;将20例无严重并发症的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人均分为两组,其中观察组推行计算机化临床路径,在患者住院天数、住院费用、患者及家属满意度以及医生对该系统的评价方面与对照组进行比较。结果:观察组患者平均住院天数及平均住院费用明显低于对照组(p＜0．000);患者及家属满意度普遍提高(p＜0．05);该系统得到所有被调查医生的认可。结论:运用计算机化临床路径管理无严重并发症的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者能在维持甚至提高医疗质量的前提下,减少患者平均住院天数、平均住院费用,提高患者及家属对医疗行为的满意度,增强医生对治疗指南的顺从性。     

杉木再生系统的比较研究

通过对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook)再生系统的比较研究,建立了子叶、下胚轴、茎段和针叶等四个再生体系。子叶在附含1mg/L BA和0.1mg/L NAA的DCR培养基中再生频率为93.7%±0.45%,平均芽数为3.76±0.25;下胚轴在附含2mg/L BA和0.2mg/L NAA的DCR培养基中再生频率为96.2%±0.35%,平均芽数为17.4±0.18;茎段在附含1mg/L BA和0.1mg/L NAA的DCR培养基中再生频率达100%,平均芽数为3.28±0.11;针叶在附含1.5mg/L BA和0.1mg/L NAA的DCR培养基中再生频率达84.5%±0.45%,平均芽数仅为1.42±0.08。不定芽在附含0.2mg/L BA和0.02mg/L NAA的DCR培养基中有效伸长。芽苗经预处理后在附含0.3mg/L IBA的1/2 DCR培养基中生根效果最佳。     

Backbone resonance assignment for the outer membrane lipoprotein receptor LolB from Escherichia coli

LolB, which is anchored to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, receives outer-membrane-directed lipoproteins from LolA, and incorporates them into the outer membrane. We established backbone resonance assignments of ²H/¹³C/¹⁵N labeled LolB from Escherichia coli.     

Genetic selection on a behavioural fear trait is associated with changes in heart rate variability in quail

This study investigated whether genetic selection on a divergent behavioural trait of fearfulness (tonic immobility duration) was related to changes in the nervous control of the heart. Quail selected for either long or short tonic immobility (LTI or STI, respectively) duration was compared with an unselected control line (CTI). The autonomic control of the heart was assessed by heart rate variability analysis and pharmacological blockades. Quail were surgically fitted with a telemetric device. Heart rate before injection did not differ between the three lines. The vagal-sympathetic effect (VSE) at rest differed significantly from 1 in CTI and STI quail, suggesting that parasympathetic activity was dominant. In LTI quail, VSE did not differ from 1, suggesting a balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activities. The intrinsic heart rate reached after the successive injections of propranolol and atropine did not differ between lines and was higher than the heart rate at rest in STI, which was in line with results of VSE at rest. After atropine injection, the sympathetic activity indicated by the low-frequency power was lower in CTI than in the two selected quail. After propranolol injection, the parasympathetic activity indicated by the root of the mean squares of successive differences and the high-frequency power was higher in STI than in CTI and LTI quail. Selection on tonic immobility duration thus appears to be associated with changes in the sympathovagal control of the heart, which may influence behavioural responses to stressful situations.     

Expression of proteins containing disulfide bonds in an insect cell-free system and confirmation of their arrangements by MALDI-TOF MS

Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) and human lysozyme (h-LYZ), which contain two and four disulfide bonds, respectively, were expressed in a cell-free protein synthesis system constructed from Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) cells. AP was expressed in a soluble and active form using the insect cell-free system under non-reducing conditions, and h-LYZ was expressed in a soluble and active form under non-reducing conditions after addition of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The in vitro synthesized proteins were purified by means of a Strep-tag attached to their C termini. Approximately 41 microg AP and 30 microg h-LYZ were obtained from 1 mL each of the reaction mixture. The efficiency of protein synthesis approached that measured under reducing conditions. Analysis of the disulfide bond arrangements by MALDI-TOF MS showed that disulfide linkages identical to those observed in the wild-type proteins were formed.     

Proteomic analysis of glutamate-induced toxicity in HT22 cells

In the present study, we have investigated the proteome changes associated with glutamate-induced HT22 cell death, a model system to study oxidative stress-mediated toxicity. Among a number of HT22 proteins exhibiting altered expression, several molecular chaperones demonstrated substantial changes. For example, the levels of Hsp90 and Hsp70 decreased as cell death progressed whereas that of Hsp60 increased dramatically. Interestingly, cytosolic Hsp60 increased more prominently than mitochondrial Hsp60. Concomitantly, the accumulation of poly-ubiquitylated proteins and differential regulation of the peptidase activities and the subunits of 26S proteasomes were observed in glutamate-treated HT22 cells. Our findings that the molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin-proteasome system undergo changes during glutamate-induced HT22 cell death may suggest the importance of a protein quality control system in oxidative damage-mediated toxicity.     

Discovering robust protein biomarkers for disease from relative expression reversals in 2-D DIGE data

This study assesses the ability of a novel family of machine learning algorithms to identify changes in relative protein expression levels, measured using 2-D DIGE data, which support accurate class prediction. The analysis was done using a training set of 36 total cellular lysates comprised of six normal and three cancer biological replicates (the remaining are technical replicates) and a validation set of four normal and two cancer samples. Protein samples were separated by 2-D DIGE and expression was quantified using DeCyder-2D Differential Analysis Software. The relative expression reversal (RER) classifier correctly classified 9/9 training biological samples (p<0.022) as estimated using a modified version of leave one out cross validation and 6/6 validation samples. The classification rule involved comparison of expression levels for a single pair of protein spots, tropomyosin isoforms and alpha-enolase, both of which have prior association as potential biomarkers in cancer. The data was also analyzed using algorithms similar to those found in the extended data analysis package of DeCyder software. We propose that by accounting for sources of within- and between-gel variation, RER classifiers applied to 2-D DIGE data provide a useful approach for identifying biomarkers that discriminate among protein samples of interest.     

脱水导致的胞内溶质变化与植物耐干性的获得

植物耐干性是指许多植物个体和部分植物种子能在含水量极低的条件下存活,在回水的过程中迅速启动修复机制,细胞经重新水合修复所受损伤的能力。在脱水过程中,植物会合成和积累某些小分子物质、碳水化合物和特殊的蛋白质;在极度脱水状态下,多组分参与的玻璃化的形成和两性物质的重新分配、耐干性植物中特有的抗氧化机制都是植物获得耐干性的重要条件。复苏植物(resurrection plant)和部分被子植物种子是当前研究植物耐干性的模式材料。