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101.
T. G. McCollum Hamed Doostdar Richard T. Mayer Roy E. McDonald 《Physiologia plantarum》1997,99(3):486-494
Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) and β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) activities in the flavedo of grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi cv. Marsh) were determined at 17 times during the course of fruit development. Chitinase activity is initially high in flavedo, but drops rapidly and is low, although fairly constant throughout the remainder of fruit development. In contrast to chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase activity is lowest in young fruit and increases during development. Western blots of crude flavedo extracts following SDS-PAGE were probed with antibodies raised against purified citrus chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Results of immunostaining revealed that changes in the activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were reflected in the amount of chitinase and glucanase protein present in the extracts. Only a single chitinase band was detected on western blots of crude flavedo extracts, whereas one glucanase band was present in young fruit and a second one appeared later in older fruit. Partial purification of flavedo chitinases and glucanases was performed using extracts prepared from immature and mature fruit for the two enzymes, respectively. Acidic and basic forms of both enzymes were present in the extracts; acidic and basic forms of chitinase were present in nearly equal amounts whereas basic glucanases predominated (91% of total activity). Acidic and basic chitinases differed in substrate specificity as well as products of degradation indicating the heterogeneous nature of the enzymes. Both acidic and basic glucanases required the presence of β-1,3 linkages for activity, were active against both soluble and insoluble β-1,3 glucans and generated similar products. 相似文献
102.
Salt and oxidative stress: similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in Citrus 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
Salt damage to plants has been attributed to a combination of several factors including mainly osmotic stress and the accumulation
of toxic ions. Recent findings in our laboratory showed that phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX), an
enzyme active in the cellular antioxidant system, was induced by salt in citrus cells and mainly in roots of plants. Following
this observation we studied the two most important enzymes active in elimination of reactive oxygen species, namely, superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), to determine whether a general oxidative stress is induced by salt. While
Cu/Zn-SOD activity and cytosolic APX protein level were similarly induced by salt and methyl viologen, the response of PHGPX
and other APX isozymes was either specific to salt or methyl viologen, respectively. Unlike PHGPX, cytosolic APX and Cu/Zn-SOD
were not induced by exogenously added abscisic acid. Salt induced a significant increase in SOD activity which was not matched
by the subsequent enzyme APX. We suggest that the excess of H2O2 interacts with lipids to form hydroperoxides which in turn induce and are removed by PHGPX. Ascorbate peroxidase seems to
be a key enzyme in determining salt tolerance in citrus as its constitutive activity in salt-sensitive callus is far below
the activity observed in salt-tolerant callus, while the activities of other enzymes involved in the defence against oxidative
stress, namely SOD, glutathione reductase and PHGPX, are essentially similar.
Received: 10 January 1997 / Accepted: 28 May 1997 相似文献
103.
生物素肼化学标记和DIG标记cDNA探针检测柑桔裂皮病类病毒 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
分别用生物素肼化学标记和DIG标记我国柑桔裂皮病类病毒(CEVd)全长克隆cDNA,用以上探讨对不同来源的的核酸样品进行斑点杂交。两种探针可检出病柑桔总核酸的最低含量久为400ng/斑点和80ng/斑点;生物素肼标记CEVd-DNA探讨针,可检出CEVd-cDNA的最低含量约为10pg/斑点,研制的CEVd检测试剂盒能检测出发病和隐性带毒苗木中的CEVd,灵敏、特异、简便、快速。试剂盒已使用于检测 相似文献
104.
105.
In the year 2000, a fungus was isolated from rotting lemon (Citrus limon) fruit in the Kahnouj region, south‐eastern Iran and subsequently identified as Ceratocystis radicicola (anamorph: Chalara sp.). A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfil Koch's postulates. The pathogen could only enter the ripen lemon fruit and cause the rot disease through the wounds and cracks. The fungus was also pathogenic on fruit of other citrus species as well as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Symptom development was slow on fruits on the tree but accelerated after fruit harvest. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
The methods of GC with fused silica capillary column, its Kovats retention index of GC and GC-MS-DS etc. We were used to study the aromatic compounds of the peel essential oil of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and aromatic concentrates of fruit flesh. 29 chemical constituents from the peels and 40 chemical constituents from the fruit flesh were identified. The trace constituents α-sinensal 0.01% and β-sinensal 0.01% are the special aroma ones for Citrus sinensis. At the same time, the changes flavor components in Citrus sinensis peels and fruit flesh during storage were also explored. 相似文献
109.
The Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Flowers,Leaves and Peels of Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., is a better species of sour oranges. There are essential oils in the flowers, the peels, the leaves and the branches of C. aurantium. The flower oil can be used in the preparation of perfumes of high quality. The peel oil is used mainly for the flavor-endowing of soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, bread, confectionaries and cakes. In order to control the quality of the essential oils and to improve them, we have systema- tically studied the chemical constituents of the flowers, the leaves and the peals of C. aurantium with our preparation. 12 main components were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The following 33 chemical components were identified by IR, GC-MS and GC retention index: α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-ocimene, trans-linalooloxide (furanoid), cis-linalooloxide (furanoid), linalool, 1,4-p-methadien-7-ol, trans-pinocarveol, camphor, terpinen-4-ol α-terpineol, nerol, citral-b, geraniol, linalylacetate, citrala, trans-linalooloxide (pyranoid), methyl anthranilate, terpinyl acetate, cis-linalooloxide (pyranoid), neryl acetate. geranyl acetate, nonanal, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, β-nerolidol, farnesol, α- nerolidol. GC retention index of 33 compounds were measured. A fast method for routine determination is presented. 相似文献
110.
Cold-resistance of citrus protoplasm and field plants in 5 different varieties was studied. The relative analysis between cold resistance of citrus protoplasts and that of field plants indicates that the cold resistance of citrus protoplasm can be considered as an index of cold resistance of field plants. 相似文献