强化护理干预有利于提高肝硬化肝性脑病患者治疗效果、改善患者生存质量

为探讨强化护理干预在肝硬化肝性脑病患者治疗中的应用效果及对护理满意度的影响,本研究选取我院2014年1月至2016年1月收治的80例肝硬化肝性脑病患者,采用随机数字表法分为强化组和对照组各40例,两组患者均给予相同的基础治疗方案,强化组患者治疗期间给予强化的护理干预,对照组仅给予常规护理指导,对比两组的临床治疗效果、护理满意度。结果显示,治疗前,两组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、血清白蛋白(serum albumin, ALB)、总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)、血氨(NH3)差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05);治疗1周后,强化组的ALT、TBIL、NH3测定值均低于对照组(p<0.05),ALB高于对照组(p<0.05);治疗1周后,强化组的躯体健康、心理障碍、社会功能、物质生活四个维度评分均高于对照组(p<0.05);强化组护理非常满意72.50%、满意22.50%、一般5.00%、不满意0.00%,对照组非常满意50.00%、满意20.00%、一般17.50%、不满意2.50%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。本研究初步表明,强化护理干预应用于肝硬化肝性脑病患者的治疗中有利于提高临床治疗效果、改善患者的生存质量、提高护理满意度。     

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) affects 3% of the world’s population and causes serious liver ailments including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Current treatment is not fully effective and causes adverse side effects. There is no HCV vaccine available. Thus, continued effort is required for developing a vaccine and better therapy. An HCV cell culture system is critical for studying various stages of HCV growth including viral entry, genome replication, packaging, and egress. In the current procedure presented, we used a wild-type intragenotype 2a chimeric virus, FNX-HCV, and a recombinant FNX-Rluc virus carrying a Renilla luciferase reporter gene to study the virus replication. A human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7 based) was used for transfection of in vitro transcribed HCV genomic RNAs. Cell-free culture supernatants, protein lysates and total RNA were harvested at various time points post-transfection to assess HCV growth. HCV genome replication status was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and visualizing the presence of HCV double-stranded RNA. The HCV protein expression was verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays using antibodies specific for HCV NS3 and NS5A proteins. HCV RNA transfected cells released infectious particles into culture supernatant and the viral titer was measured. Luciferase assays were utilized to assess the replication level and infectivity of reporter HCV. In conclusion, we present various virological assays for characterizing different stages of the HCV replication cycle.     

循证护理在肝硬化肝性脑病护理中的应用研究

目的:探究循证护理在肝硬化肝性脑病护理中的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2009年1月～2010年12月在我院就诊的50例肝硬化肝性脑病(HE)患者的临床资料,随机分为研究组和对照组,观察分析采用循证护理和常规护理的方法在HE护理中的效果.结果:研究组和对照组的有效率分别为84％、60％,将两组患者的有效率进行卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(X2=10.23,P＜0.05).结论:循证护理在肝硬化肝性脑病护理中有重要的临床应用价值,值得在临床上推广应用.     

Hepatitis B viral factors and clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health problem and the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The natural history of chronic HBV infection can be divided into 4 dynamic phases in HBV carriers who acquire the virus early in life. In general, the frequency and severity of hepatitis flares in the immune clearance or reactivation phase predict disease progression in HBV carriers, and early HBeAg seroconversion typically confers a favorable outcome. In contrast, late or absent HBeAg seroconversion after multiple hepatitis flares accelerates the progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis. Recently, several hepatitis B viral factors predictive of clinical outcomes have been identified. For example, serum HBV DNA level at enrollment is the best predictor of adverse outcomes (cirrhosis, HCC and death from liver disease) in adults with chronic HBV infection. In addition, HBV genotype C, basal core promoter (BCP) mutant and pre-S deletion mutant are associated with increased risk of HCC development. In conclusion, hepatitis B viral factors such as serum HBV DNA level, genotype and mutants have already been clarified to influence disease progression of chronic hepatitis B. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of each viral factor.     

IL-6 Promotes compensatory liver regeneration in cirrhotic rat after partial hepatectomy

Major hepatic resection in cirrhotic patients is associated with impaired liver regeneration and failure, leading to high peri-operative mortality. In this work, the causes of defective regeneration in cirrhotic liver and the utility of IL-6 treatment were investigated in an experimental model combining cirrhosis and partial hepatectomy in the rat. Relative to normal controls, decompensated cirrhotic animals showed decreased survival, while compensated cirrhotic animals showed similar survival but reduced hepatic DNA synthesis and newly regenerated liver mass amount. Defective liver regeneration was associated with a decrease in STAT3 and NF-kB activation, consistent with an increased accumulation of their respective inhibitors PIAS3 and IkBα, and with a decreased induction of Bcl-xL. Treatment with recombinant IL-6 enhanced survival of decompensated cirrhotic animals, while it did not affect survival of compensated cirrhotic animals but sustained liver regeneration, by restoring STAT3 and NF-kB activation and Bcl-xL induction to the levels found in normal controls. The pro-growth effects exerted by IL-6 treatment in cirrhotic liver were attained also at low, pharmacologically acceptable doses. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-6 treatment may be therapeutic in major resection of cirrhotic liver.     

不同病因肝硬化患者L3骨骼肌指数特征及其对患者营养状况的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同病因肝硬化患者L3骨骼肌指数特征及其对患者营养状况的预测价值分析。方法：选取2019年6月-2022年6月在我院收治的120例肝硬化患者作为研究对象,其中乙肝肝硬化40例,酒精性肝硬化40例,自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化40例。比较乙肝肝硬化组,酒精性肝硬化组,自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化L3 SMI的特征。采用Pearson相关检验分析L3 SMI与肝硬化患者营养状况的相关性。采用Logistics回归模型构建影响肝硬化营养状况的独立危险因素。采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）评估L3 SMI对肝硬化营养状况的预测价值。结果：自身免疫性肝炎肝硬化组L3 SMI、25（OH）D、ALB、PA、TRF的表达水平均显著低于酒精性肝硬化组和乙肝肝硬化组（P<0.05）,且酒精性肝硬化组显著低于乙肝肝硬化组（P<0.05）。肝硬化患者LSM与25（OH）D、ALB、PA、TRF均显著正相关（P<0.05）。以肝硬化患者营养状况作为因变量（营养正常=0,营养不良=1）纳入logistics回归模型,结果显示,25（OH）DALB、PA、TRF、L3 SMI是危险因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,25（OH）DALB、PA、TRF、L3 SMI是影响肝硬化患者营养状况的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。L3 SMI预测评估肝硬化患者营养状况的Youden指数0.765,敏感度85.00（%）,特异度82.00（%）,AUC值0.810,95%CI：0.685~0.912。结论：不同病因肝硬化患者L3 SMI存在明显差异,临床可采用L3 SMI对肝硬化患者营养状况做出预测评估。     

PRMT5 determines the pattern of polyploidization and prevents liver from cirrhosis and carcinogenesis

Human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) occurs almost exclusively in cirrhotic livers. Here, we report that hepatic loss of protein arginine methyltransferase 5(PRMT5) in mice is sufficient to cause cirrhosis and HCC in a clinically relevant way. Furthermore, pathological polyploidization induced by hepatic loss of PRMT5 promotes liver cirrhosis and hepatic tumorigenesis in aged liver. The loss of PRMT5 leads to hyperaccumulation of P21 and endoreplication-dependent formation of pathological mono-nu...     

Liver and bone

Osteoporosis is a frequent complication in patients with chronic liver disease, especially in end-stages and in cases with chronic cholestasis, hemochromatosis and alcohol abuse. The problem is more critical in transplant patients when bone loss is accelerated during the period immediately after transplantation, leading to a greater incidence of fractures. Advanced age, low body mass index and severity of the liver disease are the main risk factors for bone disease in patients with cholestasis. Mechanisms underlying osteoporosis in chronic liver disease are complex and poorly understood, but osteoporosis mainly results from low bone formation, related to the effects of retained substances of cholestasis, such as bilirubin and bile acids, or to the effects of alcohol on osteoblastic cells. Increased bone resorption has also been described in cholestatic women with advanced disease. Although there is no specific treatment, bisphosphonates associated with supplements of calcium and vitamin D are effective for increasing bone mass in patients with chronic cholestasis and after liver transplantation. The outcome in reducing the incidence of fractures has not been adequately demonstrated essentially because of the low number of patients included in the therapeutic trials. Randomized studies assessing bisphosphonates in larger series of patients, the development of new drugs for osteoporosis and the improvement in the management of liver transplant recipients may change the future.     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者血清内毒素和炎症因子的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者血清内毒素和炎症因子的影响。方法将84例非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组。两组患者均予以常规保肝治疗,观察组患者加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊420mg,2次／d,连用4周。对照组除不使用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊外,余治疗同观察组。观察两组患者治疗前后肝功能、血清内毒素、白介素（IL）-6和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平的变化。结果治疗4周后,两组患者ALT、AST和GGT水平较前均明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且观察组下降幅度比对照组更明显（P〈0．05）;同时两组患者血清内毒素、IL-6和TNF-＆水平均较前明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且观察组下降幅度比对照组更明显（P〈0．05）。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎具有良好辅助治疗作用,能降低血清内毒素、IL-6和TNF—α水平,减轻肠源性内毒素血症,抑制肝细胞炎症及免疫损伤,改善肝功能指标。