全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4716篇 |
免费 | 388篇 |
国内免费 | 696篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 77篇 |
2022年 | 90篇 |
2021年 | 139篇 |
2020年 | 141篇 |
2019年 | 170篇 |
2018年 | 144篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 135篇 |
2014年 | 224篇 |
2013年 | 273篇 |
2012年 | 186篇 |
2011年 | 215篇 |
2010年 | 167篇 |
2009年 | 275篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 313篇 |
2006年 | 263篇 |
2005年 | 254篇 |
2004年 | 188篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 138篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 126篇 |
1999年 | 129篇 |
1998年 | 119篇 |
1997年 | 105篇 |
1996年 | 87篇 |
1995年 | 85篇 |
1994年 | 89篇 |
1993年 | 80篇 |
1992年 | 78篇 |
1991年 | 79篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 60篇 |
1988年 | 60篇 |
1987年 | 54篇 |
1986年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 60篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 21篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有5800条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
61.
中国羚牛分类、分布的研究 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23
羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)这种大型偶蹄类仅产于亚洲,它的个体大小可与云南野牛(Bos gaurus)及青藏高原的牦牛(Bos grunniens)相比,但体型又酷似羊类,特别是它具有隆起的吻鼻、低矮的臀部、成兽下颌的长须以及短小的尾巴,给人以似牛非牛、似羊非羊的印象。 羚牛体型粗壮,成兽体重约200—300公斤,体长在1.8—2.1米,四肢健壮有力,肩高一般在1.3—1.4米之间。肩高大于臀高。雌雄皆具角,一般雄角较粗大。角形特别,先由头顶略靠内侧向上长出,然后以90°方向向外侧弯曲,在角的1/2处又向后方弯转, 相似文献
62.
Ken-ichi Miyaji 《Ecological Research》1986,1(3):303-322
In order to demonstrate in detail the relationship between the longevity and productivity of leaves within a canopy, a new
life table approach, the ‘bioeconomic life table’, was applied to the leaves of kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in relation to planting density and their position within the canopy.
The net photosynthetic rate for upper leaves under full daylight tended to decline gradually due to leaf senescence from about
20 days after leaf emergence, and for the lower leaves the decrease was very rapid due to both shading and senescence about
10 days after emergence.
Analysis of the survivorship curves and daily surplus production of leaves suggested that the lower and middle leaves, especially
the latter, survived without surplus production of dry matter after they had reached mean longevity, and while the upper leaves
at high density had a much shorter mean longevity, they had very large values of daily surplus production throughout the survival
period.
For the total foliage, the summed value of accumulated surplus production during the survival period was about five times
as large as the summed value of the dry weight of the dead leaves, regardless of planting density.
The daily rate of canopy leaf respiration was almost proportional to that of canopy gross photosynthesis for the various leaf
area indices of the canopy, so that there was no optimum leaf area index that maximized canopy daily surplus production. 相似文献
63.
The photosynthetic capacity of detached leaves of a non-yellowing mutant of Festuca pratensis Huds. declined during senescence at a similar rate to that in a normal cultivar. Respiratory oxygen uptake in the dark continued at similar rates in both genotypes during several days of senescence. In chloroplasts isolated from leaves at intervals after excision, the rate of photosystem I (PS I)-mediated methyl viologen reduction using reduced N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine as electron donor also declined in both genotypes, possibly due to loss of integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus in the cytochrome f-plastocyanin region. There was a similar fall in PS II electron transport using water as electron donor and measured at the rate of reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Partial restoration of this activity by the addition of diphenyl carbazide was evidence for lability of the oxygen-evolving complex during senescence. An accentuated difference between mutant and normal material in this case indicated that the mutant retains a greater number of functional PS II centres. Changes in the light-saturation characteristics of the two photosystems have been discussed in relation to the organization of the photosynthetic membranes during senescence.Abbreviations and symbols DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- DCPIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- DMSO
dimethyl sulphoxide
- DPC
diphenyl carbazide
- MV
methyl viologen
- PS I, PS II
photosystem I, II
- TMPD
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine 相似文献
64.
Photosynthetic characteristics of detached barley leaves during greening in the presence of SAN 9785
The effects of the pyridazinone compound SAN 9785 on the photosynthetic competence of leaves, on the photochemical activity of isolated thylakoids and on the formation and spectral properties of chlorophyll-protein complexes were studied during a 72-h greening period of detached etiolated leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Horpácsi kétsoros). It was established that i) the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves decreased considerably (by 80 and 90%, as determined by14CO2 fixation and fast fluorescence induction measurements, respectively); ii) the photochemical activity of isolated thylakoids from water to potassium ferricyanide and from dichlorophenol indophenol/ascorbate to methylviologen exhibited only slight reductions when expressed on a chlorophyll basis compared with the control; iii) the slow fluorescence induction curves of the treated leaves demonstrated the presence of a peculiar fluorescence component interrupting the quenching of fluorescence at around 1 min illumination; iv) a shortage of the chlorophyll-protein complex of photosystem I (CPI) occurred with a higher content of the monomer of the light harvesting complex in the thylakoids of treated leaves; and v) the fluorescence spectrum of the CPI band present in treated leaves indicates the destruction of the structural integrity of this complex during isolation from the membrane.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- CPI, CPII
chlorophyll-protein complexes of the reaction centres of PSI and PSII
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- DPIP
2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
- DPIPH2
chemically reduced form of DPIP
-
F
o
fluorescence of constant yield
-
F
v
fluorescence of variable yield
-
F
i
,F
m
mitial and maximum yield of fluorescence
- LHCP3
monomer of the light-harvesting complex
- LHCP2 and LHCP1
oligomers of the light-harvesting complex LHCP3
- PSI, PSII
photosystems I, II
- SAN 9785
4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, also known as BASF 13-338
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
65.
Larry E. Dillehay Larry H. Thompson Jason L. Minkler Anthony V. Carrano 《Mutation research》1983,109(2):283-296
The majority of the high (12-fold elevated) baseline sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) that occur in the CHO mutant line EM9 appear to be a consequence of incorporated BrdUrd, and they arise during replication of DNA containing BrdUrd in a template strand. In normal CHO cells the alkaline elution patterns of DNA newly replicated on a BrdUrd-containing template are significantly altered compared with those seen during the replication on an unsubstituted template. The nascent DNA synthesized on such an altered template is delayed in reaching mature size, possibly because replication forks are temporarily blocked at sites occurring randomly along the template. Transient blockage of replication forks may be a prerequisite for SCE. The delay in replication on BrdUrd-substituted templates was greater in EM9 cells than in parental AA8 cells and was also greater in AA8 cells treated with benzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADPR) polymerase, than in untreated AA8 cells. Under these conditions, treatment with benzamide also produced a 7-fold increase in SCEs in AA8. An EM9-derived revertant line that has a low baseline SCE frequency showed less delay in replication on BrdUrd-substituted templates than did EM9. However, under conditions where the template strand contained CldUrd, which was shown to produce 4-fold more SCEs than BrdUrd in AA8 cells, the replication delay in AA8 was not any greater in the CldUrd-substituted cells. Thus, other factors besides the delay appear to be involved in the production of SCEs by the template lesions resulting from incorporation of the halogen-substituted pyrimidine molecules. 相似文献
66.
Judith M. Clarkson David L. Mitchell 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression》1983,740(4):355-361
The effect on DNA repair of several inhibitors of DNA synthesis has been investigated in CHO cells. Three assays were employed following ultraviolet irradiation of G1 cells: unscheduled DNA synthesis, removal of antibody binding sites and alkaline elution. Cytosine arabinoside and aphidicolin were found to reduce unscheduled DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the removal of antibody-binding sites. Strand rejoining was also inhibited. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition is due to premature chain termination during repair synthesis some time after excision of the lesion. Conversely, inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis by novobiocin is paralleled by inhibition of excision of the lesion. However, no inhibition of incision was apparent. Since nalidixic acid, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, did not inhibit excision, it is unlikely that the primary site of action of novobiocin is this topoisomerase. The possibility that a second topoisomerase and/or a polymerase are affected is discussed in the light of previously published data. 相似文献
67.
叶龄及树冠不同部位光强对黄花梨光合速率的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
笔者以黄花梨为试材,研究了叶龄及树冠不同部位光强对其光合速率的影响。结果表明:黄花梨叶片在展叶后约11天即有少量光合产物输出,25天时,单叶净光合速率接近最大值;密植梨树高光合叶幕厚度约125cm左右。 相似文献
68.
69.
70.